Abstract：Fruit is the main economic products of pepper（Capsicum annuum L.）．Therefore fruit size，shape, color and mordancy taste，etc．important economic characters are paid more attention during the long period of cultivation and selective breeding．New pepper genetic resources can be innovated and new varieties with comprehensive superior characters can be obtained through utilization of profitable allel and mutation．Recent research progress on gene location and molecular biology of related fruit traits in pepper was reviewed，including pepper fruit quality，shape，color，firmness and pungency．Meanwhile，the development trend for basic research about pepper fruit traits was prospected．
