Abstract：Five different cultivated species of Compositae vegetables were used as materials in this study．The morphological characters of their seeds were observed under the anatomical lens．Their karyotypes’analysis and comparison between them were conducted by traditional squash method．The results showed．That the karyotype formula of‘Chunxiangyoumaicai’is 2n=2x=18=10m+8 sm，belonging to 2A type．That of‘Dasusheng’is 2n=2x=18=8 m+10 sm，belonging to 2A type．That of‘Bajiamai’and ‘Huayatianmaicai’is 2n=2x=18=4 m+14 sm，belonging to 3A type．‘Huayekuju’is 2n=2x=18=16 m+2 sm，belonging to 1A type．About seed morphological characters，the‘Dasusheng’and‘Chunxiangyoumaicai’were similar，the‘Bajiamai’and‘Huayatianmaicai’were similar，but the‘Huayekuju’was special．The genetic relationship and genetic diversity of these vegetables were preliminarily discussed according to the above results．
