1Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics，Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences，Beijing 100097，China；2Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering，Tangshan University，Tangshan 063000，Hebei，China；3Daxing District Soil and Fertilizer Workstation，Beijing 102600，China
摘要 合理施肥是保障作物产量，提高农民收入的重要途径。蔬菜生产过程中普遍存在过量或盲目施肥等现象，尤其在种植体系复杂、作物施肥时间窗口偏短的条件下，亟需建立更为方便、快捷，适合不同规模地块的科学养分管理方法。本试验以大白菜品种北京新3 号为试材，研究基于产量反应和农学效率的养分专家系统推荐施肥在大白菜上的应用效果。结果表明，北京郊区秋露地大白菜生产，养分专家系统推荐施肥处理（OPT）氮、磷、钾肥施用量分别为278、111、314 kg ·hm-2，大白菜产量达162.0 t · hm-2，显著高于农民习惯施肥处理（FP）和测土配方施肥处理（OPTS）；植株氮、磷、钾吸收量均显著高于农民习惯施肥处理；氮、磷肥偏生产力和农学效率显著高于农民习惯施肥处理和测土配方施肥处理；氮、磷、钾的回收利用率均为最高，其中氮和磷回收利用率显著高于农民习惯施肥处理。养分专家系统推荐施肥处理能够显著提高大白菜产量和肥料利用效率，提高生产效益，可作为一种适用可行的大白菜施肥管理措施。
Abstract：Rational fertilization is an important way to ensure crop yield and increase farmers’income．In the process of vegetable production，there is a common phenomenon of excessive or blind fertilization，especially under the conditions of complex planting system and shorter time window of crop fertilization．So it is urgent to establish a more convenient and efficient scientific nutrient management method suitable for different scale fields．Taking Chinese cabbage cultivar‘Beijingxin No.3’as test material，this experiment studied the application effect of fertilization method on Chinese cabbage recommended by nutrient expert based on yield response and agronomic efficiency．The results showed that the recommended application rates of nitrogen（N），phosphorus（P2O5）and potassium fertilizer（K2O）for Chinese cabbage in autumn open field production at outskirts of Beijing were 278，111 and 314 kg · hm-2，respectively．The yield of Chinese cabbage could reach 162.0 t · hm-2，which was significantly higher than that by farmers’conventional fertilization treatmen（t FP）and soil testing and formula fertilization（OPTS）．The plant absorptive amount of N，P and K was all higher than that of farmer conventional fertilization treatment．The partial factor productivity and agronomic efficiency of N and P were significantly higher than that of farmer conventional fertilization treatment and soil testing and formulated fertilization treatment．All recovery rate of N，P and K was the highest，among which the recovery rates of N，P were significantly higher than that of farme conventional fertilization treatment．The fertilization treatment recommended by nutrient expert could significantly increase the yield of Chinese cabbage，improve fertilizer use efficiency，thus improve the productivity effect．It could be a serviceable measure for managing Chinese cabbage fertilization．
