Fertilization Status of Facility Vegetable Business Entity and Investigation on Situation of Replacing Chemical Fertilizer by Organic Fertilizer—Based on an Empirical Analysis for Shunyi District of Beijing
LI Yanmei1，SUN Yanxin1，ZOU Guoyuan1，GAO Yan3，ZHANG Zifei3，ZHANG Jinlei3，LIAO Shangqiang1*，XU Mao2*
1Institute of Plant Nutrition，Resources and Environment，Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences，Beijing 100097，China；2Shunyi District Plant Industry Service Center of Beijing，Beijing 101300，China；3 Zhao County Experimental Base，Shijiazhuang Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences，Shijiazhuang 051530，Hebei，China
Abstract：In order to efficiently promote the replacement of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers in facility vegetable cultivation in Shunyi District of Beijing，this paper from August 2018 to June 2019，investigated and studied the fertilization behaviors of 31 typical facility vegetable cooperatives in Shunyi District，and analyzed the technical model construction，achievements and development potential of replacing chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer in this district．The results indicated that the chemical fertilizer from the visited district area was mainly purchased from agricultural capital goods market．Fertilizer efficiency and brand were the main factors affecting purchase．Changing fertilizer brands was rather common．Fertilizer application mainly relied on experience．There was a general need for recommending fertilizer applying techonology for crops．The occurence frequency of technical problems in fertilizer application was 1-2 times per year．To solve those problems mainly relied on agricultural experts and fertilizer manufactures．The average cost for fertilizer applying technical service was 200 yuan per time．The total fertilizer application cost was about 21 690 yuan·hm-2．Contradiction between high fertilizer applying cost and low crop output needed to be solved．The interviewee knew the basic knowledge of organic fertilizer，and understanded that the applying organic fertilizer was beneficial to soil and crops．But，fertilizer efficiency was not obvious，false publicity，high fertilizer applying intensity and slow responding time，etc. factors had limited the extension of organic fertilizer，which were mainly purchased from specialty shops and wholesalers．Guaranteeing organic fertilizer quality and providing free agricultural technology guidance could promote the use and extension of organic fertilizer．The application of organic fertilizer could improve soil and vegetable quality，protect vegetable growth．But there were also a few negative cases．At present，Shunyi District mainly popularized 4 types techniques of replacing chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer，including organic fertilizer + formula fertilizer，organic fertilizer + integration of water and fertilizer，vegetable waste-marsh and straw bioreactor． At the same time，the organic fertilizer operation mode relying on market，flexible and diversified forms for applying and extending organic fertilizer．stimulating measures were all adopted．Notable effects were achieved．Directing at the existing problems，in future time upgading organic fertilizer access criteria，strengthening sci-tech guidance and policy support would all-round advance the work of implementing chemical fertilizer replacement by organic fertilizer．
李艳梅，孙焱鑫，邹国元，高燕，张子飞，张金雷，廖上强，徐茂. 设施蔬菜经营主体施肥现状及有机肥替代化肥情况调研—基于北京市顺义区的实证分析[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2021, 1(9): 84-90.
LI Yanmei，SUN Yanxin，ZOU Guoyuan，GAO Yan，ZHANG Zifei，ZHANG Jinlei，LIAO Shangqiang，XU Mao. Fertilization Status of Facility Vegetable Business Entity and Investigation on Situation of Replacing Chemical Fertilizer by Organic Fertilizer—Based on an Empirical Analysis for Shunyi District of Beijing. China Vegetables, 2021, 1(9): 84-90.
