中国蔬菜 ›› 2022, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (1): 41-48.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国主要蔬菜的养分吸收和需求特征

李书田1,艾超1,何萍1,张佳佳1,崔荣宗2,魏建林2,串丽敏3,李明悦4,金崇伟5   

  1. 1中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081;2山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,山东济南 250100;3北京市农林科学院,北京 100097;4天津市农业资源与环境研究所,天津 300192;5浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州 310058
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-08 修回日期:2021-11-26 出版日期:2022-01-01 发布日期:2022-01-12
  • 通讯作者: 李书田,男,博士,研究员,博士生导师,专业方向:植物营养与施肥,E-mail:lishutian@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:李书田,男,博士,研究员,博士生导师,专业方向:植物营养与施肥,E-mail:lishutian@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200103)

Characteristics of Major Chinese Vegetables in Nutrient Uptake and Requirement

LI Shutian1,AI Chao1,HE Ping1,ZHANG Jiajia1,CUI Rongzong2,WEI Jianlin2,CHUAN Limin3,LI Mingyue4,JIN Chongwei5   

  1. 1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;2Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,Shandong,China;3Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;4Tianjin Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Tianjin 300192,China;5College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang,China
  • Received:2021-09-08 Revised:2021-11-26 Online:2022-01-01 Published:2022-01-12

摘要: 研究我国主要蔬菜养分需求对建立蔬菜推荐施肥新方法至关重要。本文采用文献检索和实地调查采样、测定相结合的方法,依据QUEFTS 模型分析了露地白菜、露地萝卜、设施番茄和露地大葱产量与养分吸收之间的关系,获得养分吸收最佳曲线,估算单位蔬菜产量的养分最佳需求量。结果表明,4 种蔬菜的产量、养分吸收量和养分内效率(IE)变异很大。白菜平均产量为84.3 t · hm-2n = 2 758),地上部N、P、K 养分累积量分别为176.4、33.6、208.4 kg · hm-2,IE 值分别为539.3、2 901.6、458.2 kg · kg-1,生产1 t 白菜N、P、K 最佳需求量分别为1.96、0.41、2.39 kg;萝卜肉质根平均产量为63.5 t · hm-2n = 2 288),N、P、K 养分吸收量分别为155.4、30.9、217.9 kg · hm-2,IE 值分别为455.0、2 328.7、361.9 kg · kg-1,生产1 t萝卜肉质根N、P、K 最佳需求量分别为2.2、0.4、2.6 kg;设施番茄平均产量为85.0 t · hm-2n = 703),N、P、K 养分吸收量分别为213.5、55.1、352.1 kg · hm-2,IE 值分别为458.2、1 941.5、287.9 kg · kg-1,生产1 t 设施番茄果实N、P、K 最佳需求量分别为2.19、0.56、3.36 kg;大葱平均经济产量为60.4 t · hm-2n = 976),N、P、K 养分吸收量分别为128.8、18.9、117.7 kg ·hm-2,IE 值分别为503.7、3 368.7、593.3 k · kg-1,生产1 t 大葱N、P、K 最佳需求量分别为1.92、0.28、1.69 kg。

关键词: 蔬菜, 养分吸收, 养分内效率, 养分需求

Abstract: It is of significant importance to study the nutrient requirements of main Chinese vegetables for establishing a new method of recommending vegetables fertilization.Adopting the method of combining information retrieval,field investigation,sampling,measuring;and according to QUEFTS model,this paper analyzed the relation between the yields of open field Chinese cabbage,radish,greenhouse tomato,open field scallion,and their nutrient uptakes;obtained the optimum nutrient uptake curve and estimated the best nutrient requirement amount for producing 1 unit of vegetable yield.Results showed that there were great variations in yield,nutrient uptake amount and nutrient internal efficiency(IE)of 4 kinds vegetables.For Chinese cabbage,the average yield was 84.3 t · hm-2n = 2 758),above ground N,P and K nutrient accumulation amounts were 176.4,33.6 and 208.4 kg · hm-2,respectively; IE value were 539.32,2 901.6 and 458.23 kg ·kg-1,respectively.The best N,P and K requirements quantities for producing 1 t of Chinese cabbage was 1.96 kg N,0.41 kg P and 2.39 kg K.The average fleshy root yield was 63.5 t · hm-2n = 2 288).The N,P and K accumulation quantities were 155.4,30.9 and 217.9 kg · hm-2,respectively.The IE value were 455.0,2 328.7 and 361.9 kg · kg-1,respectively. The best N,P and K requirement quantities for producing 1 t of radish fleshy roots were 2.2 kg N,0.4 kg P and 2.6 kg K,respectively.The average facility tomato yield was 85.0 t ·hm-2n = 703).The N,P and K accumulation amount were 213.5,55.1 and 352.1 kg · hm-2,respectively.The IE value were 458.2,1 941.5,287.9 kg · kg-1,respectively.The best N,P and K requirement quantities for producing 1 t of facility tomato fruits were 2.19 kg N,0.56 kg P,3.36 kg K,respectively.The average economic yield of scallion was 60.4 t · hm-2n = 976).The N,P and K accumulation quantities were 128.8,18.9 and 117.7 kg · hm-2,respectively.The IE value were 503.7,3 368.7 and 593.3 kg · kg-1,respectively.The best N,P and K requirement quantities for producing 1 t of scallion were 1.92 kg N,0.28 kg P and 1.69 kg K,respectively.

Key words: vegetable, nutrient uptake, nutrient internal efficiency, nutrient requirement