Genetic Diversity Analysis of Agronomic and Quality Traits in Bitter Gourd Germplasm Resourcs
WANG Zisong1，LI Zhaojia1，3，LUO Houqian1，SHEN Wei1，WANG Taotao2，YANG Jing2*，LIU Zhenglu1*
1College of Agriculture and Food Engineering，Baise University，Baise 533000，Guangxi，China；2Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education，Huazhong Agricultural University，Wuhan 430070，Hubei，China；3Research and Development Center of Fine Chemical Industry，Guizhou University，Guiyang 550025，Guizhou，China
Abstract：Using 48 bitter melon germplasm resources as test materials and taking principal component analysis and cluster analysis，the variability and correlation of 10 agronomical traits and 5 quality traits were studied．The results showed that the average coefficient of variation of agronomic traits was 33.9%，with the largest variation coefficient of gourd edge and the smallest variation coefficient of gourd length，ranging from 18.0% to 49.6%，indicating that bitter gourd had a broad genetic basis．Correlation analysis and principal component analysis revealed that there was a highly significant correlation among the 10 agronomic traits related to the fruit，but the correlation between agronomic traits and quality traits was not high，and there was no significant correlation between quality traits，indicating that the genetic selection of agronomic traits and quality traits was relatively independent．Agronomic traits principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the four principal components was 75.51%，and there was a highly significant positive correlation between the fresh weight and the dry weight of a single fruit，as well as the upper and lower fruit diameters，indicating that breeding materials with larger fruit diameters is beneficial for developing high-yielding hybrid combinations．The 48 bitter melon materials was classified three distinct categories at D2 = 5 by cluster analysis，and identified 131-1，2101-2，2116 as early-maturing materials，2106-4 as a late-maturing material，46-1-1，67-1，80-1 as materials with good comprehensive traits，and 168-1 as a female line．These eight bitter melon germplasm resources can be used as excellent target parents for selection．
