This experiment investigated the control effect and mechanism of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed meal on tomato root-knot nematode via pot expetiment in greenhouse．The results indicated that the concentrations of total nitrogen，total phosphorus，total potassium，available nitrogen，available potassium in soil were significantly increased by biofumigation of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed meal for 30 days，and the pH value of soil was on the rise tendency，while the content of available phosphorus was decreased．30 days after fix-planting，the tomato root knot index was gradually decreased along with the increase amount of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed meal．However，the plant height and stem diameter showed the tendency of first increase then reduce．Different concentrations of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed meal extracts all had inhibitory effects on hatchability of root knot nematode eggs．The GC-MS analysis showed that there were 28 kinds of volatile substances in Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed meal，about 13.53% of which was D-limonene and linalool．Different concentrations of D-limonene and linalool could effectively inhibit the activity of root-knot nematode second-stage juveniles，and showed obvious concentration effect．Therefore，apropriate application of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed meal could not only improve soil physical and chemical property，promote tomato growth，but also effectively control the occurrence of root-knot nematode disease．The mechanism was due to the abundant D-limonene and linalool contents in Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed meal．