Taking the main planting area of‘Majianghongsuan’，Xianchang Town Majiang County of Guizhou Province as a sample，this paper studied the plantation area，cultivation management mode，and yield of‘Majianghongsuan’by methods of interview，investigation and measure，etc．The paper also analyzed the reasons for cultivation area decreasing and yield declining．The results indicated that the total cultivation areas of‘Majianghongsuan’in Xianchang Town of Majiang County was 133.4 hm²，but the average planting area per household was smaller．About 35% of the households planted garlic less than 667 m²．The overall garlic yield was low with an average of 6.525 t · hm^-2，significantly lower than that of 12.600 t · hm^-2 in 2005．Besides，there were many problems existed，like not strict seed selection，too low plantation density，too late sowing，simplified fertilization，and extensive management，so countermeasures and suggestions were put forward as：selecting good garlic bulbs as seeds，grading seeds before sowing，rational planting density，and balanced fertilization，etc．