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15 April 2011, Volume 1 Issue 8
    

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  • Progress on Applying aiiA Gene in Plant Resistance to Soft Rot Disease
    HAN Li-wei, QU Shu-ping, CUI Chong-shi
    . 2011, 1(8): 1-6.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    N-acyl-homoserine lactones（AHLs）are signal molecules in many gram-negative bacterias’ quorum sensing, called Autoinducer（AI）. AiiA protein encoded by aiiA gene is involved in the degradation of AHLs, interfering the regulation process of bacterial quorum-sensing, restraining the induced expression of plant soft rot disease genes, and decreasing the virulence of bacterial pathogens. The essay summarizes the research situations of aiiA and AiiA, and the current application situations of aiiA in soft rot-resistant engineering bacteria and transgenic plant. The research directions are pointed out on the effective expression of AiiA proteins and improving plants’ soft rot-resistance.
  • Research Progress on Genetic Mechanism of Bolting Trait in Brassica Vegetables
    LI Na, LI Cheng-qiong, REN Xue-song, SONG Hong-yuan, SI Jun
    . 2011, 1(8): 7-11.
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    Plants’ flowering and bolting were induced by vernalization in their early growth stage. This process resulted in the impossible forming of the leaf head. This phenomenon is known as premature bolting which has caused a great loss in vegetable production. The most effective solution to solve this problem is to develop bolting-resistant varieties. Research on genetic mechanism of bolting trait helps to breed bolting-resistant varieties. The essay summarizes the research progress on genetic mechanism, molecular marker and molecular mechanism of bolting trait in Brassica vegetables. It also discusses about the prospects of future research works, according to present research status
  • Effects of Summer Catch Crop and Straw Returning on Cucumber Soil Nutrients and Microorganism in Solar Energy Greenhouse
    LIU Juan, TIAN Yong-qiang, GAO Li-hong
    . 2011, 1(8): 12-16.
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    After 4-year experiment under greenhouse condition, we studied the effects of sweet corn and common bean, including their straw returning, on cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）soil nutrients and microbial metabolic activity. The results showed that after planting sweet corn with its straw returning in summer, soil bulk density decreased, which is helpful to soil permeability. Effects of all treatments on soil nutrients and microbial metabolic activity were obvious in autumn winter season, such as increasing soil available P, while both 2 common bean treatments increasing soil available K. Catch crop and straw returning could also increase soil microbial metabolic activity and change sole carbon source utilization.
  • Construction of Pepper Genetic Map and QTL Analysis of Fruit Firmness
    LIU Jun, ZHANG Wei, SHEN Huo-lin
    . 2011, 1(8): 17-21.
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    In this study, a population of F2 generation including 123 plants derived from the pepper（Capsicum annuum L.）cross between firmness weak line 10C12 and firmness hard line 10C08 was used as mapping population. Accessions were analyzed using SRAP and SSR. The map consisted of 26 SSR markers and 78 SRAP markers, which belonged to 13 linkage groups and the covered length was 762.2 cM with an average genetic distance of 7.3 cM. Mapping of the quantitative trait loci of the fruit firmness was analyzed by software MapQTL 4.0, and 3 QTLs were found on the map, named as fi1.1, fi1.2, fi5.1, among which fi1.1 and fi1.2 located on linkage group1, fi5.1 located on linkage group5. They accounted for 12.3 %, 15.6 %, 9.7 % of the phenotypic variance, respectively.
  • ISSR Analysis of Celery Germplasm Genetic Relationships
    WANG Wu-tai, GU Yu, HAN Qi-hou, WU Feng, SUN De-ling
    . 2011, 1(8): 22-27.
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    This study used 5 ISSR primer combinations to analyze genetic diversities among 105 celery（Apium graveolens L. var. dulce DC.）germplasm. The result showed that the cluster analysis based on ISSR data classified the celery germplasm into 5 major groups. In these groups，most of the samples（81.9 %）were gathered in group 2, indicating the collected germplasm with close blood relationship. The results of principle component analysis suggested that in China, celery cultivars include 2 categories which are the imported celery and Chinese celery. In Chinese celery categories, the white and solid celery have closer blood relationship, the white solid celery may be obtained from a genetic mutation of the solid celery. By principle component analysis and field observation, we divided the imported celery into 2 groups. The character of one group has longer growing period, with strong erectness and bolting tolerance, the other group has shorter growing period, with weak erectness and bolting tolerance.
  • Effect of Priming on Solamum torvum Seed Physiological Changes
    QIAN Zong-wei1, CHEN Hai-li1, WU Zhen2, CUI Yan-ling
    . 2011, 1(8): 28-34.
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    With the Solamum torvum seeds as experimental materials, the experiment showed the mechanisms which could significantly promote the seeds germination. The main results were as follows. With the HPD（Hydration-pre-germinating-dehydration）, the electrical conductivity of the lixivium from the Solanum torvum seeds was decreased, the MDA content of lipid per-oxidation was reduced. The starch content of the treated seeds was reduced, the contents of soluble sugars and crude fat were increased, but the soluble proteins were not changed compared to the control. The HPD could significantly increase the SOD and CAT activity of the seeds.
  • Identification and Analysis of A New Dwarf Mutant of Winged Bean
    QUAN Miao-hua1, JIANG Xiang-hui1, CHEN Dong-ming1,2, LU Xiang-yang2, TIAN Yun2
    . 2011, 1(8): 35-38.
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    A dwarf mutant of winged bean〔Psophocarpus tetragonolobus（L.）DC.〕radiated by 60Coγ was screened from mutant generations. The mutant was studied on its major agronomic characters, photosynthetic characteristics and nutritional quality in this paper. The mutant obviously differed from‘Zhongyi No.1’（contrast）in plant height, stem diameter, etc. Compared with the contrast, variation in mutant plant height（48 cm）was very significantly different, with falling range of 89.9 %. Chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate（Pn）increased 6.7 % and 13.6 %, respectively. The latter was significantly different from the contrast. Contents of some nutritional components, including fattiness, VC and dissoluble sugar, were very significantly different, but the contents of protein and faecula were almost the same.
  • Distribution of Simple Sequence Repeat and AFLP Marker on Melon Genetic Map
    SHENG Yun-yan1, 2，WANG Yan-hong1，LUAN Fei-shi2
    . 2011, 1(8): 39-45.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Using 152 RILs plants from 3-2-2×TopMark to construct melon（Cucumis melo L.）molecular genetic map, a total of 71 SSR markers, 94 AFLP markers were grouped into 17 linkage groups, which spanned 1 222.9 cM with an average marker interval of 7.41 cM. Selected 428 SSR markers including 360 pairs of EST-SSR markers and 68 pairs of g-SSR markers, 94 SSR primers were polymorphic with the size from 150-300 bp; 22 in 256 AFLP EcorI/MseI. 146 polymorphic loci with segment size between 100-600 bp were produced. Distribution of SSR markers was evenly on chromosome. AFLP markers were clustered in LG1, LG12 and LG14.
  • Constant Parent Regression Analysis of Four Characters in Combination with Thermo-sensitive Male-sterile Tomato，Lycopersicum esculentum L. — Di D4
    WANG Xian-yu1, 5, YU Fen-di1, LIANG Cong-yao1, TAN Chao1, DU Yong-cheng2, JIANG He-sheng3, LI Ye-yong4
    . 2011, 1(8): 46-50.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The combining ability and genetic effects of 4 quality characters in tomato Di D4 taken as female were analyzed by way of Griffing constant parent regression analysis with 10 inbred lines and 9 crossing combinations as experimental material. The results showed that variance percents of general combining ability on fruit weight and fruit hardness were 80.00 %，93.74 %, respectively；variance percents of general combining ability and special combining ability on total acid and soluble solids content were 53.85 %，54.76 % and 46.15 %，44.26 %, respectively. The broad heredity of soluble solids content，fruit weight, fruit hardness and total acid reached 0.765 0，0.750 0，0.649 3 and 0.928 5, respectively. However, narrow heredity was 0.737 1，0.532 9，0.631 5 and 0.527 3, respectively. Only the correlation coefficients of fruit weight reached significant level.
  • Studies on Isolated Microspore Culture in〔Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis（L.）Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee〕
    FU Ying, YANG Suo, BAO Mei-li, LIU Xue-li, FENG Hui
    . 2011, 1(8): 51-54.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    This study is to establish a stable and efficient system of isolated microspore culture in〔Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis（L.）Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee〕. The key factors influencing embryogenesis and plant regeneration were studied with 4 hybrid varieties introduced from Japan. Embryoids and 85 regenerated plants were obtained. Results showed that genotypes had extremely significant effect on frequency of embryogenesis. Low temperature pretreatment at 4 ℃ for 24 h could enhance embryo frequencies. NLN-13+0.2 mg?L-1 6-BA+0.1 mg?L-1 NAA could improve the frequency of microspore embryogenesis. Liquid culture in condition of 50 r?min-1 low-frequency oscillation could increase the proportion of cotyledon-shaped embryoids. The best subculture and rejuvenation medium was MS+3 % sucrose+0.75 % agar+0.1 g?L-1 activated charcoal. MS+3 % sucrose+0.75 % agar+0.1 mg?L-1 NAA was a kind of suitable medium for the rooting of microspore plantlets.
  • Effects of Different Treatments on Seeds Germination of Waternut
    LI Shuang-mei, KE Wei-dong*, LI Feng, HUANG Xin-fang
    . 2011, 1(8): 55-59.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    We discussed the effects of different treatments on seed germination rate and germination vigor of waternut〔Eleocharis tuberosa（Roxb.）Roem. et. Schult.〕, including lamination at low temperature, peeling off episperm by friction, soaking seed in vitriol, in warm water, and in different concentrations of GA3 and 6-BA, by different ways of preservation, different temperatures and lights, using different cultivar seeds, etc. The result showed that the germination rate was the highest when lamination at 4 ℃ for 48 d, soaking in vitriol for 10 min+40℃ water for 50 min, with germination temperature at 25 ℃. The seed did not germinate at 30 ℃. Preservation in sand was better than in water. Germination in intermittent light was better than in dark. The cultivar of‘Shayang’waternut showed the best germination rate, germination vigor and germination index.
  • Effects of EM Microbe Compost on Yield and Nutritional Quality of Cucumber in Greenhouse
    YANG Meng1, YAO Jing2, WANG Rui-liang2
    . 2011, 1(8): 60-64.
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    The effect of inoculation EM（Effective microorganisms）on the fermentation of the compost of fresh chicken manure added with corn straw was studied. Then, using cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）‘Xintaimici’as experimental material, we studied the effect of EM microbe compost on growth, yield and quality of cucumber. The results indicated that the amino acids content of the compost with inoculation of EM was markedly increased, and EM could shorten the fermentation time for harmless compost. EM microbe compost promoted cucumber growth, increased its yield, improved the fruit quality, and reduced the disease index of cucumber withering. The result also showed that EM microbe compost could improve the soil fertility of greenhouse.
  • Effects of Light Quality on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Dwarf Cucumber
    SUN Li-li1, LI Feng-lan1, QIN Zhi-wei2, MENG Jing1, HUANG Sha-sha1, HAN Feng1, SUN Li1, YUAN Qiang1, HU Bao-zhong1*
    . 2011, 1(8): 65-70.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To study the effects of different light quality on morphological indicators and physiological characteristics, sprawl cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）29 and dwarf cucumber D0462 were taken as experimental material. The results showed that the hypocotyls length of D0462 was significant shorter than 129 by blue light treatment. There were remarkable differences between these 2 varieties except the chlorophyll content. The anthocyanin content, IAA oxidase, SOD and POD activity by blue light treatment were significantly higher than that of 129.
  • Effects of Feeding Different Aquatic Vegetables on Sensitivity to Insecticides of Spodoptera litura（Lepidoptera: Noctuidae）
    QIN Chun-hua1, 2, KUANG Jing1, YU Ming-hua3, LI Jian-hong1*
    . 2011, 1(8): 71-75.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In order to test Spodoptera litura fed by different aquatic vegetables on sensitivity of 5 different insecticides, the activity of detoxifying enzymes was assayed by leaf dipping method. The results indicated that the sensitivities of S. litura to chlorfluazuron, chlorpyrifos, indoxacarb, chlorfenapyr and emamectin-benzoate were different when feeding on different aquatic vegetables. Activity of detoxifcation enzymes of S. litura was different when feeding on different aquatic vegetables, and sequence of the activity of CarE was Nelumbo nucifera＞artificial diet＞Oenanthe stolonifera＞Colocasia esculenta. The order of specific activity of AChE was C. esculenta＞artificial diet＞N. nucifera＞O. stolonifera. The activity of GSTs was artificial diet＞O. stolonifera＞N. nucifera＞C. esculenta. The activity of MFO was O. stolonifera＞C. esculenta＞N. nucifera＞artificial diet. It demonstrated that high detoxification of enzymes was related to different sensitivities to insecticides of S. litara, when feeding on different aquatic vegetables.
  • Conditions and Activity Analysis of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes Produced from Corynespora cassiicola of Brown Spot of Cucumber
    LIU Zhi-heng, QI Ye, HUANG Xin-yang, YANG Hong, HOU Yue, ZHANG Rui
    . 2011, 1(8): 76-80.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    A series of cell wall degrading enzymes（CWDEs）including polygalacturonase（PG）, polymethyl-galacturonase（PMG）, polygalacturonic acid trans-eliminase（PGTE）, pectin methyl- trans-eliminase（PMTE）carboxymethyl cellulase（Cx）and β-glucosidase were found both in vitro and  vivo from Corynespora cassiicola of brown spot of cucumber. Based on the cell wall degrading enzymes produced in vitro conditions, in vivo after inoculation of bacteria cell wall-degrading enzymes and in vivo produced outside the cell wall-degrading enzyme activity comparison study, the results show that every kind of cell wall degrading enzyme has a specific optimal culture conditions. Shake culture make more for the production of cell-wall degradation compared to the stationary culture. The activities of Cx and β- glucosidase reached a peak when cultured 9 d, PG and PMG reached a peak when cultured 12 d, while PGTE and PMTE reached a peak when cultured 15 d. PG and PMG showed maximum activities at 25 ℃ culture temperature. PGTE, PMTE, Cx and β-glucosidase showed maximum activities at 28 ℃ culture temperature. PG, PMG, Cx and β-glucosidase showed maximum activities at culture pH 6. PGTE and PMTE showed maximum activities at culture pH 8. Four kinds of pectinase showed maximum activities in the third day after inoculation. Two kinds of cellulase showed maximum activities in the fifthday after inoculation. The activity of cell wall degrading enzymes in vivo and in vitro was significantly different.
  • Effect of Boron and Potassium on Yield and Quality of Watermelon in Gravel Mulched Fields
    DU Shao-ping1, MA Zhong-ming2*, XUE Liang3
    . 2011, 1(8): 81-85.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In order to study the effect of boron and potassium on growth of watermelon（Citrullus lanatus）and to offer advice for scientific fertilization of watermelon in gravel mulched fields, the effective experiment of boron and potassium on watermelon was conducted in gravel mulched fields in the Loess Plateau of northwest China. The effects of fertilization on yield and quality of watermelon were studied with 8 treatments including CK（N）, NB0.1, NB0.2, NB0.3, NK, NKB0.1, NKB0.2, NKB0.3. The results showed that boron, potassium and combined application could increased yield, sugar content, VC content and reduce nitrate content. The effect of boron and potassium combined application were better than single application, and the effect of NKB0.3 was the best of all. Its yield，soluble sugar content and VC content increased by 18.72 %, 21.12 % and 31.08 % respectively, and nitrate content was decreased by 21.43 % compared to the CK.
  • Effect of Spraying Salicylic Acid on Nutrition Ingredients in Edible Chrysanthemum Varieties
    LIU Ping, ZHANG Jing, DING Yi-feng, YU Na, ZHANG Shao-shuai, CHEN Kun-ran, HU Guang-yu, DU Meng-jie
    . 2011, 1(8): 86-89.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Four edible chrysanthemum（Dendranthema morifolium Tzvel.）varieties in green bud period were treated by spraying solution of SA（15 mg?L-1）, and those spraying by distilled water were the control. The content of total carbohydrate, total protein, amino acid, VC and SOD activity in petals were measured during florescence. The results show that compared with the control, the above indexes were improved to some extent after SA treatment in these 4 chrysanthemum varieties. On the whole, effect of SA on each ingredient of‘Gufengnishui’was obvious, and markedly better than the other 3 varieties‘Taipingsizhu’,‘Jianliuxiangju’,‘Tangyujinqiu’.
  • Studies on Equilibrium Modified Atmosphere Packaging Technology for White Asparagus
    LIU Meng, JIANG Qi-yong, GUO Feng-jun, WANG Mei-lan, ZHOU Zhi-cai
    . 2011, 1(8): 90-95.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Based on the principle of dynamic balance between the respiration of white asparagus（Asparagus officinalis L.）and permeability of the packaging film under a certain condition, the relationship between the 3 parameters（film area, film thickness and fruit storage weight）and the atmosphere（O2 and CO2）in EMAP was studied. The optimum atmosphere composition in EMAP that stored white asparagus at（3±0.5）℃, RH 90 %-95 % was determined through quality indicators and sensory evaluation at the end of the storage period. The optimum atmosphere composition was CO2：（5.9 %±0.3 %）, O2：（4.2 %±0.4 %）. Utilizing orthogonal experiment and multiple regression method, the EMAP for storing white asparagus has the advantages of low cost, simple operation, and good effect.
  • A New Bitter Gourd F1 Hybrid —‘Jinlvkugua’
    ZHANG Chang-yuan, LUO Shao-bo, LUO Jian-ning, HE Xiao-li, ZHENG Xiao-ming
    . 2011, 1(8): 96-98.
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    ‘Jinlvkugua’is a new bitter gourd F1 hybrid developed by crossing female parent Y100 and male parent 913＃. It has mid-maturity and grows vigorously. Its fruit is of long conic shape, with oil green skin, about 25 cm in length, about 5.7 cm in diameter, 1.0 cm in flesh thickness. The average fruit weight is 320 g. Its flesh contents of VC, soluble solid, coarse protein and coarse fiber are 622 mg•kg-1, 23 g•kg-1, 9.9 g•kg-1, 12 g•kg-1, respectively. Its average yield is about 57 t•hm-2. It is middle resistant to powdery mildew, tolerant to hot and cold climate. It is suitable to be cultivated in south China in spring and autumn.
  • A New Pumpkin F1 Hybrid —‘Mifeng’
    MA Hai-long, ZHI Hai-ying, YUE Qing*, LIANG Yan-ping, MIAO Ru-yi
    . 2011, 1(8): 99-101.
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    ‘Mifeng’is a new pumpkin（Cucurbita moschata Duch.）F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line M1-132 and XT-221. It grows vigorously. The first female flower starts from node 15. It takes about 80 days from flowering to harvest. Its fruit can change color fully. It can be cultivated both in Northern and Southern China. The fruit is of spherical shape with shallow ditch and drab skin. The envelop apparatus is wax powder. The fruit pulp is thick and its color is orange yellow. It tastes sweet and floury. Its pulp is delicate with good flavor. It is tolerant to storage and transportation. The average fruit weight is 3.6 kg. It can yield 60-75 t•hm-2. It is suitable for cultivation in open fields in spring.
  • A New Chinese Cabbage F1 Hybrid —‘Liaobai No.19’
    WU Hai-dong, WANG Xin, LV Yan-ling, WANG Li-li
    . 2011, 1(8): 102-103.
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    ‘Liaobai No.19’is a new Chinese cabbage F1 hybrid developed by crossing genetic male sterility line Jiaobai No.1 A with selfing line Xinxiang 903-S10-1. Its growing period is about 82 days. The plant is 46.2 cm in height, 64.3 cm in width. Its leaf head is 37.5 cm in height, 17 cm in diameter. The average plant weight is 4.5 kg and the net product ratio is 87.78 %. It is resistant to TMV and downy mildew and soft rot. Its output is about 139.5 t•hm-2. It is suitable to be cultivated in Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang Provinces and Inner Mogolian Autonomous Region, etc.
  • A New Eggplant F1 Hybrid Exclusively for Protected Cultivation in Northern Region —‘Hangqie No.6’
    LI Ya-li1, 2, WANG Fu-quan1, 4, DING Yao-hong3*, KONG Xiao-juan3, CHANG You-kai3
    . 2011, 1(8): 104-106.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Youqie02’and‘Zaoqie’ were carried by‘Article 18 Retuning-type Science Technology and Experimental Satellites’and‘Shenzhou-4’spaceship, respectively and treated by space mutation. Two high purity lines 036-5-3 and 023-1-4-7 were selected after 5 generations of self-cross, respectively. Hybrid of these two lines, a new variety‘Hangqie No.6’was developed, which was early maturing. It matures about 108 days after sowing. The plant is upright with green stem, circular fruit top and its fruit is of long oval-shape, with purple-black and polish puricarp. It is 28-35 cm in length, 5-7 cm in diameter and 300-350 g in weight. Its VB1, glucose, protein and VC contents are about 0.1 mg•kg-1, 11 g•kg-1, 20 g•kg-1, and 58 mg•kg-1. This cultivar is tolerant to low temperature and dim light, and has stronger resistance to Verticillium wilt and brown grain disease than‘Jingxuanzaokangqie’and‘Mounika’. Its yield is about 75 t•hm-2. It is suitable for cultivation in northern region in protected fields in early spring and greenhouse in winter.
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