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15 April 2012, Volume 1 Issue 8
    

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  • Recent Research Development on Clubroot of Cruciferae Vegetables
    LI Jin-ping，CHAI A-li，SUN Ri-fei，LI Bao-ju*
    . 2012, 1(8): 1-4.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Clubroot has become a devastating diseases and expanded rapidly in the Northeast and Southwest regions of China，Upper-middle Reaches of Yangtze River and Qingdao of Shandong Province．It has restricted the Cruciferae vegetables industry development and became a research focus in home and abroad，and have made breakthrough progress in taxonomic status of Plasmodiophora brassicae，physiological race differentiation，methods for determination，inoculation techniques，life cycle，biological characteristics and control methods through unremitting efforts for several decades．Recent years，the study of clubroot has achieved gratifying successes in many fields，including detection technologies of Plasmodiophora brassicae，biological controls and life cycle．In this paper the latest overseas research progresses were reviewed on clubroot of Cruciferae vegetables，including taxonomic status，life cycle，molecular pathogenesis，diagnosis and detection technology of Plasmodiophora brassicae，biological controls and so on，also discussed the necessities of research trend of life cycle of Plasmodiophora brassicae and further study of pathogenesis．
  • Development and Application of EST-SSR Markers in Vegetable Crop
    WU Hai-bin，LUO Shao-bo1，LUO Jian-ning，GONG Hao1，HE Xiao-li1
    . 2012, 1(8): 5-10.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    EST-SSR markers are newly-developed molecular markers based on expressed sequence tags（EST）sequences．Compared with traditional genome SSR，EST-SSR is mainly characterized by low development cost，convenient access to gene expression data，and wide applicability in species，which is particularly useful for crops without completion of genome sequencing．This article reviews the progress made in developing and applying EST-SSR markers in vegetable crops during recent years．It is expected to promote the further application of EST-SSR marker in vegetable crops.
  • Research Progress on Genetic Breeding of Bitter Gourd（Momordica charantia L.）
    HUANG Ya-jie1， YUN Guang-rong 1，LI Mei1，LI Chang-zeng2，XIAO Yu1，ZHANG Bin
    . 2012, 1(8): 11-19.
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    This paper reviews the research progress in genetic breeding of bitter gourd（Momordica charantia L.），including inheritance of fruit characters，gynoecious breeding，sex differentiation，disease resistant breeding，haploid breeding and new varieties selective breeding．It also points out the existing problems facing the bitter gourd breeding in China and the developing trends，according to the present bitter gourd breeding status．
  • Possible Application of GreenSeeker in Diagnosing Potato Nitrogen Nutrition Status
    YU Jing1，LI Fei2，FAN Ming-shou
    . 2012, 1(8): 20-25.
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    Nitrogen fertilizer has been playing an important role in potato production for a long time．In China，the nitrogen use efficiency（NUE）decreased due to the increment of N application，which caused environmental problems．It was well known that NUE increased when synchronizing N supply from fertilizer and N demand of potatoes（Solanum tuberosum L.）．However，the traditional soil-plant measurement based on N recommendation method is costly，labor intensive and time consuming．With the development of remote sensing technology，it provides an opportunity for timely estimating potato N status．This paper introduced the general principle of crop nitrogen nutrition diagnosis based on GreenSeeker and summarized the research progress both internal and external on the nitrogen management for wheat and maize，also discussed the importance，feasibility of using GreenSeeker to diagnose potato N status and its application prospective．
  • Effects of Different Cultural Systems on Cucumber Soil Microbial Community Functional Diversity and Bacteria Communities
    WANG Xu-hui1，ZHANG Xue-yan，GAO Li-hong
    . 2012, 1(8): 26-31.
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    Using Biolog and PCR-DGGE to study the effects of different cultural systems on cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）soil microbial community functional diversity and bacteria communities of cucumber rhizosphere soil．The results of Biolog showed that during the autumn winter season，all treatments improved the functional diversity and uniformity of soil microbial．The principal component analysis showed that carbon utilization by soil microbial communities of catching garlic have greatly changed in all seasons|catching crown daisy and pakchoi have the similar carbon utilization．The results of DGGE showed that introduced several catch crops in summer could increase the bacteria species and polymorphism including crown daisy and pakchoi．
  • Effect of Different Explants Treatments on in vitro Plant Regeneration of Pepper（Capsicum annuum L.）
    CAO Ya-cong，ZHANG Zheng-hai，WANG Li-hao，MAO Sheng-li，ZHANG Bao-xi*
    . 2012, 1(8): 32-39.
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    The hypocotyl segments of pepper seedlings，seedlings without capitals，seedlings decapitated after wounded by puncturing the hypocotyls，the half seeds consisting of the proximal part of the hypocotyls and the radicles，and the half seeds consisting of the cotyledons，the apical part of the hypocotyls and the embryos of 5 inbred lines（0510，0516 and 7013 were sweet pepper，0818 and 0819 were hot pepper）of pepper（Capsicum annuum L．）were used as explants for regeneration．MS medium with or without PGSs（plant growth substances）was used for culturing．There was not any regenerant obtained from explants cultured in the medium with PGSs，while some regenerate shoots emerged from explants cultured on the PGSs-free medium，of which the average regenerate rate of seedlings decapitated when the cotyledons did not exposure yet（about 7 days after sowing）and seedlings decapitated at the curved hypocotyl stage（about 9 days after sowing）was 0.33%，seedlings decapitated after hypocotyls punctured while the hypocotyls just escaped from curved stage（seedlings were wounded by puncturing the hypocotyls after sowing about 10-12 days，and decapitated after another 12 days）was 2.43%，seedlings decapitated after hypocotyls punctured at the curved hypocotyl stage（seedlings were wounded by puncturing the hypocotyls after sowing about 9 days，and decapitated after another 12 days）was 12.08%，the half seeds consisting of the proximal part of the hypocotyls and the radicles（intact seeds were pre-cultured on wet filter paper for 3 days，and then cut into 2 halves for culture）was 17.33%．The regenerate rate of hot pepper 0818 was 46.67%，when the half seeds consisting of the proximal part of the hypocotyls and the radicles were used as explants and cultured on the PGSs-free medium，and 0819 was 33.33%．Moreover the regenerate buds could easily elongate．This method could be used for pepper transgenic study，due to its simple procedure，high regenerate rate and speediness of regeneration．
  • Analysis of Major Chinese Approved Potato Cultivars for Resistance to Virus with Molecular Markers
    ZHAO Xing-tao，XU Jian-fei，PANG Wan-fu，BIAN Chun-song，DUAN Shao-guang，LIU Jie，DUAN Yan-feng，JIN Li-ping*
    . 2012, 1(8): 40-44.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Ryadg and Rx are 2 important genes with extreme resistance to PVY and PVX in potato（Solanum tuberosum L.）．Marker RYSC3 and Rxsp are closely linked to Ryadg and Rx，respectively．In this paper，190 approved cultivars are screened with markers RYSC3 and Rxsp．The results shows that there are 15 cultivars with marker RYSC3，8 cultivars with marker Rxsp，7 cultivars with marker RYSC3 and Rxsp，which account for 7.9%，4.2% and 3.7% in all cultivars tested，respectively．More than 40% cultivars with band marker RYSC3 or Rxsp are progeny of Neo-tuberosum or materials from CIP，and more than 50% of them are approved after 2001．This study indicates that proportion of cultivars with virus resistance in all ones tested is relatively low．But this proportion is gradually increasing during the recent years．This reflects that we are making progress on potato breeding for virus resistance．
  • Effects of Light Qualities on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Chinese Chive
    CHEN Xian，LIU Shi-qi*，MENG Fan-lu，ZHANG Tao，SUN Qi
    . 2012, 1(8): 45-50.
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    This paper studied the effects of different light qualities on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Chinese chive（Allium tuberosum Rottl. ex Spr.）．Taking‘791 xuejiu’and‘Zigenhong’Chinese chive as material，red light，blue light，red/blue（3/1）and red/blue（7/1）light generated by light-emitting diode were applied．And white light generated by fluorescent lamps was used as control．The results showed that the height，stem diameter，blade width and value of dry weight to fresh weight were the highest under red/blue（7/1）light．The contents of chlorophyll（a+b），carotenoid and chlorophyll（a/b）ratio were the highest under red light treatment．The photosynthetic rate（Pn），stomatal conductance（Gs），transpiration rate（E），maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ（Fv/Fm）and Fv/Fo were the biggest under red/blue（7/1）light．Whereas intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci），quantum yield of PSⅡ（ФPSⅡ）and value of qP were the highest under blue light．It is conclude that the Pn of Chinese chive were significantly increased under red/blue（7/1）light，thus the plant growth and yield were also significantly increased．
  • Screening of Cucumber Cultivars for Tolerance to Low Nitrogen Stress
    JIANG Shuang，WU Feng-zhi*，GUAN Song-na，YU Min-rui
    . 2012, 1(8): 51-56.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Total 18 different cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）cultivars were used to study their response to low nitrogen stress by comparing their fruit yield，over ground biomass，total nitrogen uptake，fruit total nitrogen accumulate under normal and low nitrogen stress．The results showed that the fruit yield and total nitrogen accumulate of all cultivars were decreased under low nitrogen stress．Cultivar‘Jinlv No.30’and‘Meihao’decreased greatly，while the decline of‘Jinyou No.2’and‘Jinyou No.31’were smaller|the over ground biomass‘Jinyou No.2‘and‘Jinyou No.31’and the total nitrogen uptake of‘Jinyou No.31’were higher under low nitrogen stress than normal nitrogen，while the over ground biomass and total nitrogen uptake of other cultivars were decreased，especially‘Jinlv No.30’and‘Meihao’．From the above，we screened the stronger resistance to low nitrogen cultivars were‘Jinyou No.2’and‘Jinyou No.31’，and the worse cultivars were‘Jinlv No.30’and‘Meihao’．The correlation analysis showed that over ground biomass and total nitrogen uptake and fruit total nitrogen accumulate were very significantly correlated to the fruit yield under low nitrogen stress and normal nitrogen．Therefore，fruit yield，over ground biomass and total nitrogen uptake and fruit total nitrogen accumulate would probably be an effective index for screening cucumber cultivars which tolerant to low nitrogen stress．
  • Effects of Rootstock Grafting on Yield，Quality and Control of Meloidogyne incognita of Cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）
    CHEN Zhen-de1，WANG Pei-sheng1，ZHOU Ying1，JI Yu-ling2，WAN Zong-jun1，3，LIANG Peng1，4
    . 2012, 1(8): 57-62.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In order to screen resistant cucumber rootstocks，the effects of rootstock grafting on yield，quality and control of Meloidogyne incognita of cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）were studied in this experiment．Taking 7 pumpkin varieties as rootstock，2 cucumber varieties as scion，the root-knot nematode occurrence and severity of grafted cucumber were identified，the yield and quality of grafted cucumber were tested and compared by using own-rooted cucumber as control in greenhouse．The results showed that the yield of‘Cuilv’grafted with different rootstocks could be increased by 4.1%-10.7% in spring，‘Shuofeng No.9’by 15.0%-104.2% in autumn as compared with own-rooted，among which the yield increasing effect of grafted with‘Xindongli’was the best．‘Huangzhen No.3’took the next place．Rootstock grafting had no significant effect on soluble protein of cucumber fruits，as compared with own-rooted cucumber．Different scion cultivars grafted with various rootstock cultivars，the contents of soluble sugar，VC and nitrate in grafted cucumber could increase or decrease．Rootstock grafting had significant effects on controlling southern root-knot nematode，with 67.8 %-79.7% effect higher in spring，12.7% - 44.7% effect higher in autumn．Generally speaking，cucumber grafted with‘Xindongli’and‘Huangzhen No.3’has higher yield，better quality and good control effect of southern root-knot nematode.
  • Effects of Different Ammonium and Nitrate Ratios on Yield and Quality of Chinese Kale
    ZHONG Li-hua，SONG Shi-wei，LIU Hou-cheng，SUN Guang-wen，CHEN Ri-yuan*
    . 2012, 1(8): 63-67.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The effects of different ammonium and nitrate ratios（CK：0/100，T1：15/85，T2：30/70，T3：45/55）on yield and quality of Chinese kale（Brassica albograbra L.H.Bailey）were studied in nutrient solution culture．The results showed that the growth of Chinese kale was significantly improved by T2 and T3 treatments，comparing with the control（CK）treatment．The quality of Chinese kale was improved in all ammonium enhancement treatments，in which T2 treatment had the highest contents of VC，soluble sugar and soluble protein．But the quality decreased in T3 treatment．Nitrate content was significantly reduced by ammonium enhancement treatments and it decreased with the increase of ammonium and nitrate ratios．Considering yield and quality，T2 treatment is more suitable for Chinese kale growth.
  • Optimization of Regeneration System for Diploid Potato Anther Culture
    LI Wen-xia1，NING Hai-long1，ZHANG Yong-gen2，BAI Ya-mei3，SHI Ying1，WEI Qiao-rong1，ZHANG Li-li1，LV Wen-he
    . 2012, 1(8): 68-74.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In this experiment，factors and levels related to anther culture were selected to discuss the optimization of regeneration system for diploid potato（Solanum tuberosum L.）anther culture．The results indicated that the optimal genotypes for diploid anther culture were BD40-2，BD54-8 and BD10-7．Four pretreatments including low temperature，heat shock，decentralization and mannitol had significant differences on callus inducing．And the optimal combination were low temperature for 6 days, heat shock for 4 days，centrifugation for 4 000 r?min-1 and mannitol for 2 days．The horhome combination was 2,4-D 1.0 mg?L-1 + 6-BA 0.1 mg?L-1，which has the highest rate of anther induction．Conformable carbon source was barley sugar at the level of 3%．Adding 1 mmol?L-1 STS in medium had advantages in callus inducing over 50 mg?L-1 AgNO3.
  • Factors Influencing Rapid Propagation of Konjak Tissue Culture
    HU Yue，RAN Xing-yu，ZHANG Xing-guo，SU Cheng-gang*
    . 2012, 1(8): 75-79.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Apical buds and corm of‘Wanyuanhuamoyu’（Amorphophallus spp.）were taken as explants，with various concentrations of BA，KT，ZT and NAA were studied．Then the induction of micro corms were investigated from axillary buds．The results showed that the apical bud was the best explant in rapid propagation of konjak tissue culture，the highest induction rate of 90% of axillary buds was obtained from apical buds on the medium（MS + BA 2.4 mg?L-1+NAA 0.1 mg?L-1）．And the differentiation time of axillary buds form apical buds was 60 days earlier than that from corm．Micro corms in vitro were generated on the medium（MS + BA 0.5 mg?L-1 + NAA 0.01 mg?L-1 + sucrose 50 g?L-1）．The callus induction rate was 90.9% in 60 days.
  • Effects of Chlorine Dioxide on Cucumber Growth and Fusarium wilt Control
    ZHANG Ming-yue，LI Wen-qing*，TANG Long-xiang
    . 2012, 1(8): 80-84.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The effects of chlorine dioxide on controlling cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）Fusarium wilt and cucumber growth were studied．The results indicated that cucumber Fusarium wilt could be controlled effectively by chlorine dioxide and the control effect became much better with the increase of chlorine dioxide concentration．The control mechanism was further studied and it showed that chlorine dioxide could kill microorganism in soil and the pathogen of cucumber Fusarium wilt strongly．When chlorine dioxide was contacted directly with seed in a petri dish，it did not show any negative effect on seed germination at low concentration，and seed vigor and bud weight were normal．When the concentration got higher，its inhibiting effect on cucumber seed germination appeared．The inhibiting concentration decreased，if seed was pretreated with forced sprouting methods before treated with chlorine dioxide．In the pot-experiment，after the soil watered with chlorine dioxide，chlorine dioxide did not damage the growth of cucumber seedling at higher concentration of 500 mg?L-1，and control effect of cucumber Fusarium wilt was 96.4%.
  • Inhibition Effects of Plant Extracts against Fusarium oxysporum
    CAO Dong-xu1，XUE Guang-hou1，CUO Wen-ting1，LI Ying1，ZHANG Yu1，FU Lei1，YU Sheng-cheng2，FAN Hai-yan
    . 2012, 1(8): 85-89.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The fungistasis of 27 plant ethanol extracts were tested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum Owen，F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum and F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis under separate cultivating conditions．The effects of 4 plant extracts on potted plants against cucumber blight in greenhouse were tested，respectively．The extracts of the plants have obvious inhibitive function against the 3 kinds of pathogen，especially the extracts of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud，Chelidonium majus L.，Agastache rugosa，Cinnamomum cassia，Phellodendron amurense and Solanum nigrum have better resistance．Their inhibitory rate can be up to 70%．The potted test in vivo showed that the extract of E. fischeriana had 70.54% preventive effect and 57.89% curative effect．The extract of C. cassia had good preventive，curative and induced effects too，which can be up to 50%．The extract of A. rugosa had much better induced effect than its preventive and curative effect．The extract of P. amurense had 83.33% preventive effect and 55.56% induced effect，but its curative effect was not good enough.
  • Effects of Different Eggplants Cultivars on Developing Duration and Survival Rate of Western Flower Thrips
    ZHANG Gong-tian1，FENG Zhi-guo2，ZHANG Ai-xia3，ZHENG Chang-ying
    . 2012, 1(8): 90-94.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Effects of 23 eggplant（Solanum melongena L.）cultivars and 2 rootstocks on the development duration and survival rate of Frankliniella occidentalis（Pergande）were studied in the laboratory．The results indicated that all the western flower thrips could complete one generation on the above mentioned materials．The development duration and survival rate of the western flower thrips had no correlation．They were significantly different on different eggplant cultivars and rootstocks．The development duration of‘Xinyanheibiaomazaochangqie’and‘L2 jizaheishuangchangqie’was longer，which were 336.88 h and 310.57 h，respectively．Their survival rate were lower，which were 34.88% and 34.78%，respectively．The survival rate of‘Liyan No.5 lvqie’is the lowest，which was 25.93%.
  • A New Summer Squash F1 Hybrid —‘Longhu No.1’
    YUE Hong-zhong，ZHANG Dong-qin，HOU Dong *
    . 2012, 1(8): 95-97.
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    ‘Longhu No.1’is a new summer squash F1 hybrid developed by crossing 2 inbred lines MF07 and MF15．The plant grows vigorously，and the vine is always short．It has higher resistance to virus disease and powdery mildew than‘Lvbo’in the field．The fruit is about 20 cm in length，5.0-6.0 cm in diameter with light green skin and high quality．The fruit grows rapidly with beautiful and uniform shape．It has demonstrated very good adaptability in open fields both in spring or summer with a yield of 66.0-75.0 t?hm-2.
  • A New Watermelon F1 Hybrid —‘Gandie No.8’
    XIONG Mei-zhen1，XIAO Xu-feng2，LIU Jun-wu1，FAN Shu-ying2*
    . 2012, 1(8): 98-100.
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    ‘Gandie No.8’is a new mid-late watermelon F1 hybrid developed by crossing B66 as female parent and B75 as male parent．The total growing period is about 99 days and the fruit matures about 31 days after pollination．It has strong growth vigor and the first fruit is set at 8th-11th nodes．The fruit is elliptical in shape with dark-green coarse gear on light green skin．The fruit shape index is 1.3．Its flesh is bright red，juicy and crispy．It tastes very sweet．The pericarp is hard to crack．It is endurable for storage and transportation．The single fruit weight is about 6.7 kg and the yield is 39.0 t?hm-2．It has good adaptability and can be grown in main watermelon production areas in China．
  • A New Luffa F1 Hybrid —‘Rongzasigua No.1’
    SHUAI Zheng-bin，GUO Jiang-hong，YANG Bin，YUE Chuan，CHEN Zheng-hao
    . 2012, 1(8): 101-103.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Rongzasigua No.1’is a new fat-luffa F1 hybrid of 2 inbred lines bred by heterosis breeding．The first fruit sets at 6th-12th node of the main stem．Its fruit is 20-27 cm in length，3.0-4.2 cm in diameter with column-shape．The single fruit weight is 190-310 g．Its early yield is 19.0 t?hm-2．Its total yield is 30.0-52.5 t?hm-2．It is suitable for cultivation in protected fields in early spring and open fields in spring in Sichuan Province and Yangtze River Valley.
  • A New Tomato F1 Hybrid Specially for Protected Cultivation—‘Yuhang No.5’
    TANG Rui-yong1，GAO Yan-hui2，LEI Yin-chuan2，HAO Feng2
    . 2012, 1(8): 104-106.
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    ‘Yuhang No.5’is a new tomato F1 hybrid specially cultivated for protected fields．It is developed by crossing 0428-3-4-H1-H as female parent and 0439-2-3-H2-H as male parent．It grows interminably with early maturity．Its fruit is pink in color with tall round and without green shoulder．The single fruit weight is 220-280 g．It has strong rigidity and is tolerant to storage and transportation．The soluble solid content is 6.4% and VC content in fruit flesh is 234 mg?kg-1 and total acid content is 4.74 g?kg-1．It has higher resistance to late blight and leaf mould than‘Zhongzha No.9’and‘Zhongyan 958’．Its total yield can reach 119.1 t?hm-2．It is suitable to be cultivated in protected fields，both in early spring and late autumn.
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