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Current Issue
2013 Vol.1 Issue.2,
Published 2013-01-15
1
A Review on the Paper Interactions between Changing Climate Conditions in a Semi-closed Greenhouse and Plant Development,Fruit Yield,and Health-promoting Plant Compounds of Tomatoes
CHENG Zhi-Hui, ZHONG Li-Jie
Focusing on the extreme temperatures during winter and summer seasons,particularly the higher mean temperature and lower humidity generated by cli mate warming,and the influence of this microclimate change in greenhouse on growth and fruit quality of tomato,German scientists developed a new climate strategy for greenhouses to avoid plant damages and reported their two year research. In this context,the results are introduced and reviewed. The results showed that a combined application of a high pressure fog system and CO
2
enrichment can be applied to decrease the inside temperature and to increase the levels of relative humidity and CO
2
concentrations at a high ambient temperature, accompanied by an increase in mean temperature. Such microclimate in the greenhouse were sufficient to accelerate plant growth,to increase dry matter in leaves,and to promote the formation of fruit set per truss in comparison to those grown under conventional climate conditions. Furthermore,the algorithm of the new climate strategy led to a maximum total yield increase by 20%,to a reduction of blossomend rot in tomatoes and to a pronounced increase in fruit size during the spring experiments. The climateconditions caused by the new technology significantly promoted secondary metabolism,resulting in a maximum increase in contents of lycopene( by 49%),β-carotene( by 35%),and phenolic compounds (by 16%) as well as associated antioxidant activity in the water-insolu ble( by 18.5%) and water-soluble (by 35.4%) fraction compared to the conventional treated plants.Therefore,the new climate strategy may be appropriate to increase the total yield and to improve the fruit quality as well as the healthpromoting properties of tomatoes.
2013 Vol. 1 (2): 1-3 [
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1175
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4
Effect Mechanism of
SVP
Gene Regulation on Bolting and Flowering
YANG Xiu-Qin, WANG Zhi-Min, TANG Qing-Lin, SONG Ming
SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP)
encoded MADS-box protein is a repressor of bolting and flowering in Cruciferous plants.
SVP
is mainly expressed in vegetative growth stage,which is regulated by some flowering pathways,such as autonomous pathway.It can control flowering time by regulating several floral signal integrators,such as
FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1(SOC1)
.This paper summarizes the effect mechanism of
SVP
gene regulation on bolting and flowering.It also discusses about the prospects of future research activities,according to present research status on
SVP
gene.
2013 Vol. 1 (2): 4-11 [
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1530
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12
Research Progress on Cryopreservation of Garlic Germplasm and Its Virus Eradication Technique
LIU Xiao-Xue, CHENG Zhi-Hui
Garlic(
Allium sativum
L.) is susceptible to virus during its annual vegetative propagation and the pathogens accumulated in bulbs are transmitted to the next generations,resulting in garlic virus disease.Virus infection will lead to garlic degeneration,and reduce the quality of bulbs.Compared with the traditional detoxification metho ds,ultra-low temperature method has many advantages,such as higher virus-free rate and easy operation,better genetic stability,higher proliferation rate.Besides,it can be combined with germplasm cryopreservation.This article mainly summarizes the principles of cryopreservation and detoxification of garlic germplasm,present status in research,and existing problems.The article also prospects the research direction of using cryopreservation to preserve garlic germplasm and the potential of applying cryotherapy for detoxification of garlic germplasm.
2013 Vol. 1 (2): 12-19 [
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992
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869KB] (
952
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20
Real-time PCR for Quantification of
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus
in Tomato Plants
LIN Ming, HU Hong, DU Yong-Chen, GAO Jian-Chang, WANG Xiao-Xuan, GUO Yan-Mei
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease(TYLCVD)is one of the most devastating plant diseases in the world.Accurate quantification of TYLCV is the foundation for further studying the pathogenesis of this virus and also for resistance breeding.This paper constructed a real-time PCR testing system to quantify TYLCV in tomato by the primer,designed on the conservative sequences of TYLCV complete genome,and a testing mode based on SYBR Green I technology.The TYLCV were detected in the infected tomatoes after 30 days post-inoculation,about 3.47×10
6
virus copies could be detected in 1 ng·μL
-1
total DNA in the infected tomato plants.This method is 100-fold more sensitive than the traditional PCR.
2013 Vol. 1 (2): 20-26 [
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1644
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27
ISSR Markers of 48 Tillering Onion(
Allium cepa
var.
aggregatum
) Germplasms Genetic Diversity and Analysis of Their Agronomic Traits
JIN Xue, ZHOU Xin-Gang, LIU Shou-Wei, LIU Shu-Qin, WU Feng-Zhi
Inter-simple sequence repeat( ISSR) markers and agronomic traits were analyzed to observe the genetic diversity of 48 tillering onion(
Allium cepa
var.
aggregatum
)germplasms from Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces in China.Thirteen ISSR primers with rich polymorphism,stable amplification and good repeatability were screened from 51 ISSR primers.With these screened primers, 132 bands were identified,of which 109 bands were polymorphic.The genetic similarity was estimated with Nei-Li coefficient,and the results showed that the genetic similarity coefficients of 48 tillering onion germplasms ranged from 0.59 to 0.94.The investigation was also carried out on their agronomic traits,including bolting,leaf color,seed coat color,and single fruit quality.The results showed that the genetic similarity coefficients of these 48 tillering onion germplasms ranged from 0.38 to 1.00.Both results indicated that the genetic diversity of 48 tillering onion germplasms was rich.The clustering results of these 2 methods were basically identical,and the clustering results had obvious connection with their geographic origins.
2013 Vol. 1 (2): 27-34 [
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1332
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35
Studies on Progeny Generation Size and Selection Indexes of a Hybrid Watermelon Variety by Pedigree Breeding
AN Shui-Xin, KANG Yu-Jing, LI Xiang-Tao, HUO Zhi-Bang, LIU Hong, ZHANG Cun-Song
Based on the basic theory of crop cross-breeding,this study summarized the population size of F
2
generation selected by watermelon〔
Citrullus lanatus
(Thunb.)Matsum et Nakai〕inbred line pedigree method,selection technique at middle-early growth stage,planting density according to the ratio of the left to all plants at middle-early growth stage,test planting group number of F
3
generation, and population number of each group,etc. Thus,the traditional watermelon selective breeding technique by pedigree method was improved.The duration of watermelon inbred selection was shortened by 2-3 generations,the watermelon breeding process was sped up, and the breeding cost was reduced.
2013 Vol. 1 (2): 35-40 [
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1322
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41
Effects of Soil Salinity on Growth,Photosynthetic Characters and Yield of Tomato Cultivated in Organic Substrate
BAI Long-Qiang, LI Yan-Su, YU Xian-Chang, GUO Xiao-Qing
Taking tomato(
Lycopersicon esculentum
Mill.) cultivated in organic substrate of normal soil as the control(CK),an experiment was conducted using Half Isolated Style of Organic Substrate Culture(OSC)to plant tomato in saline soil with 3 different salinity levels of 5‰,10‰ and 15‰, respectively and to study the regulation of Na+ migration and the effects of Na
+
in soil on physiological characteristics and yield of tomato.The result showed that the Na
+
contents in the soil under the substrate was leached by T1,T2,T3 treatments;and the plant height,the stem diameter accumulated amount of dry matter,the leaf photosynthetic rate,the yield of tomato and the Na
+
content in tomato leaf had not significant differences with that of the CK.The results indicated that the soil with less than 15‰ salt content had not effect on tomato cultured by Half Isolated Styl e of Organic Substrate Culture.
2013 Vol. 1 (2): 41-45 [
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1212
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46
Effect of Water-fertilizer Supply on Tomato Lycopene Content under Alternate Subarea Root-zone Irrigation
ZHOU Zhen-Jiang, NIU Xiao-Li, CHEN Si, DAI Shun-Dong, HU Tian-Tian
This study is to find out the effects of irrigation amount and fertilizer applying quantity of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on tomato(
Lycopersicon esculentum
Mill.)lycopene content under alternate subarea root-zone irrigation. Regression model on water and fertilizer factors and tomato lycopene content was established with quadratic orthogonal regressive rotation design with 4 factors by pot experiment. The results showed that if other factors were zero codes,lycopene content in tomato decreased linearly with the increase of irrigation amount,while increased with the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers applying quantity,but it would not change along with the change of potassium fertilizer applying quantity. The interaction between irrigation amount and potassium,nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer applying quantity presented negative effect on the accumulation of tomato lycopene content. Under the condition of alternate subarea root-zone irrigation, over irrigation was not favorable for the increase of lycopene content in tomato. Rational increase of nitrogen,phosphorus fertilizers applying quantity could effectively increase lycopene content in tomato.
2013 Vol. 1 (2): 46-51 [
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1354
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977KB] (
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52
Effect of Substrate Extract of Organic Ecological Soilless Cultivation on Cucumber Seed Germination and Seedling Growth
XU Yao-Zhao, ZENG Xiu-Cun, WANG Qin-Li, 吕Biao , ZHANG Wen-Bin, SUN Fang-Xia
Taking cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) seeds and seedlings as test materials,this paper studies the characteristics of organic ecological soilless cultivation substrate of cultivation 1 year,cultivation 2 years and cultivation 3 years and effect of substrate extract on seed germination and seedling growth. The results showed that the dry density,pore water,pH and EC values of cultivation 3 years substrate were increased very significantly compared with that of cultivation 1 year.While the total porosity and pore of cultivation 3 years substrate were decreased very significantly compared with cultivation 1 year. After treating cucumber seeds and seedlings with cultivation 3 years substrate extract, their germination rate,sprout potential,germination index and vigor index were decreased very significantly compared with that of the CK; and the vertical roots length,hypocotyl radicel length,lat-eral root number,epicotyls and hypocotyl width were also decreased very significantly compared with that of the CK.The seedling plant height,overground fresh weight and dry weight were decreased very significantly compared with that of the CK;while the fresh weight and dry weight of underground seedlings were increased very significantly compared with that of the CK. The leaf photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of seedlings were decreased very significantly compared with that of the CK.The leaf stomatal conductance,intercellular CO
2
concentration and transpiration rate of seedlings were increased very significantly compared with that of the CK. The seedling root-shoot ratio,G value,Chlorophyll a content,Chlorophyll b content,Chlorophyll(a + b) contents and Chlorophyll a/b value were decreased significantly compared with that of cultivation 1 year substrate extract treatment.Therefore, after 3 years’cultivation,the substrate characteristics and contents are not favorable fo r cucumber seed germination and seedling growth.
2013 Vol. 1 (2): 52-57 [
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1545
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58
Effects of Grafting on Yield and Mineral Element of Eggplant within Seawater Cultivation
QIAN Zong-Wei, CHEN Hai-Li, CUI Yan-Ling
Taking
Solanum torvum
as stock and early maturing cultivated variety 'Jingqie No. 1’ as cion, this experiment analyzed the yields and mineral element contents of the grafted eggplant (
Solanum melongena
L.) and self-rooted eggplant by treatments of different seawater concentration. The results indicated that compared to the self-rooted eggplant,the content of N,P in grafted eggplant was increased along with the increase of seawater concentration,while the K content showed reducing tendency.The grafted eggplant could still maintain balanced absorption of Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn in the seawater,but the ratio of Na
+
/K
+
value decreased significantly.The yield of grafted eggplant was significantly higher than that of the self-root eggplant under seawater stress.The experiment showed that the grafted eggplant could reduce the complex salt stress of sea-water through adjusting mineral elements absorption,and increase eggplant yield.
2013 Vol. 1 (2): 58-65 [
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1591
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66
Effect of Lateral Bud Grafting on Growth,Yield,Quality and Resistance of Small Seedless Watermelon
LIAO Dao-Long, WU Zhuang-Sheng, CAI Xing-Lai, GAO Xue-Wang, LIANG Zhen-Shen
Taking small seedless watermelon〔
Citrullus lanatus
(Thunb.)Matsun.et Nakai〕 ‘Xiantiantong’ as material,taking the self-root seedling and the apical bud grafting as the contrast, this experiment studied on the effect of the lateral bud grafting and on growth,yield,quality and diseaseresistance of watermelon. The result indicated that compared with self-rooted bud, the lateral bud grafting with the apical bud grafting not only possessed the same traits of vigorous growth,higher yield, higher quality and better disease resistance,but also with higher compatibility and lower cost than the apical bud grafting.Although the lateral bud growth was not even and with less disposable budding, which were unfavorable to intensive grafting and seedling culture,the lateral bud grafting technology, as a selective method for grafting and seedling cultivation of small seedless watermelon, could still have a good prospect for extension.
2013 Vol. 1 (2): 66-69 [
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70
Effects of Different Cultivation Measures on Soil Fungus,Fungal Diseases and Yield of Continuous Cropping Potato
XIE Kui-Zhong, LU Li-Yin, LUO Ai-Hua
Different cultivation measures were adopted for o vercoming continuous cropping potato (
Solanum tuberosum
L.)obstacles for 3 continuous years.The experiment result showed that from 2009 to 2011 the arable layer soil fungus of deepening tillage treatment reduced by 29.59%-51.63% compared to the control.The arable layer soil fungus of inocula treatment reduced by 10.41%-71.96%. The trace fertilizer treatment had no effect on the arable layer soil fungus of continuous cropping potato. The potato early blight disease incidence of deepening tillage treatment reduced from 10.00 percentage point to 35.00 percentage point compared to the control,while the inocula treatment reduced from 11.67 percentage point to 38.33 percentage point,trace fertilizer treatment reduced from 11.66 percentage point to 26.67 percentage point compared to the control. The potato early blight disease index of deepening tillage treatment reduced by 20.34%-75.51% compared to the control,while the inocula treatment reduced by 23.83%-64.50%,the trace fertilizer treatment reduced by 20.34%-52.26% compared to the control,and the differences reached significant or very significant level. The potato late blight disease incidence of deepening tillage treatment reduced from 15.00 percentage point to 37.50 percentage point compared to the control,while the inocula treatment reduced from 7.50 percentage point to 36.67 percentage point,the trace fertilizer treatment reduced from 15.00 percentage point to 25.83 percentage point compared to the control. The potato late blight disease index of deepening tillage treatment reduced by 57.03%-80.44% compared to the control,while the inocula treatment reduced by 24.69%-66.67%,the trace fertilizer treatment reduced by 27.12%-50.76% compared to the control, and the differences reached significant or very significant level. The potato yield of deepening tillage treatment increased by 21.20%-29.99% compared to the control,and the trace fertilizer treatment increased by 6.14%-20.49%,the inocula treatment increased by 1.29%-13.42%,and the differences reached significant or very significant level.
2013 Vol. 1 (2): 70-75 [
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1232
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76
Studies on Controlling Root-knot Nematode of Melon in Greenhouse and Potted Cucumber by High Power Microwave
XU Chang-Qing, CHEN Jun, HAN Xing-Guo, QIAO Hai-Li, GUO Kun, YU Jing, WEI Jian-Jian
This study tries to control the root-knot nematodes of vegetables by physical methods. A soil treat machine of 20 kW microwave with 915 MHz frequency was designed and produced.This machine conducted a field test successfully.The result indicated that in greenhouse microwave treatment on soil could significantly reduce the number of root-knot and root-knot index of melon at the level of 60 seconds, while in pot experiment only 10 seconds on cucumbers could very significantly control root-knot nematodes. In greenhouse,microwave treatment did not affect melon plant height,basal stem diameter,fruit sugar content,fruit hardness and shape index. There were not significant differences with those of the contrast. High power microwave had significant control effect on vegetable root-knot nematodes in greenhouse, but it costs huge energy,should be improved to reduce energy co st and enhance its efficiency.
2013 Vol. 1 (2): 76-81 [
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1493
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82
Initial Report on Occurrence of Watermelon Bacterial Fruit Blotch in Heilongjiang Province
WANG Wen-Bo, LIU Dong, ZHANG Yan-Ju
This study reports the newly discovered watermelon disease in Harbin and Shuangcheng 2 cities,Heilongjiang Province.Two pathogenitic strains were obtained after isolation culture,purification, and pathogenicity testing.The pathogen was identified by morpho logical feature,gram staining, physiological-biochemical characteristic and 16S rDNA analysis.The results showed that both 2 strains were
Acidovorax avenae
subsp.
citrulli
.Thus,it was determined that the watermelon disease observed in Harbin and Shuangcheng City was watermelon bacterial fruit blotch.This is the first report of this disease in Heilongjiang Province.
2013 Vol. 1 (2): 82-86 [
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1700
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87
Survey on Distribution Status of
Allium ovalifolium
Hand.-Mzt. Resources in Highland
GUO Feng-Ling, QIU Zheng-Ming, DENG Xiao-Hui, WU Jin-Ping, DONG Bin-Feng
In order to comprehend the present status of
Allium ovalifolium
Hand.-Mzt. germplasm resources in Wufeng Dahuaping, a systematic investigation on the main habitats of
Allium ovalifolium
Hand.-Mzt.was conducted based on ethnobotanist theory,combined with field study and representative plot survey.The results showed that
Allium ovalifolium
Hand.-Mzt.in Dahuaping distributed mainly under the deciduous broad leaf mixed forest where the altitude was 1 800-2 100 m.The ground coverage by plant was 35%-80%.The total area of
Allium ovalifolium
Hand.-Mzt. in this area was 11.3 hm
2
. The maximum density was 228 plants per square meter.The population number decreased very quickly, which indicated that
Allium ovalifolium
Hand.-Mzt.was facing extinct danger and studies on protecting measures must be strengthened immediately.
2013 Vol. 1 (2): 87-90 [
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904
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1192KB] (
695
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91
Analysis on Hardness and Satisfaction of Obtaining Information by Cooperation——an Investigation based on Specialized Cooperation for Farmers Growing Potato
ZHANG Hao, LI Fei, CHENG Hong-Luan
This paper carries out matrix analysis on hardness and satisfaction of obtaining information by specialized cooperation for farmers growing potato(
Solanum tuberosum
L.),according to a field survey in Haidong District,Qinghai Province.The paper also conducts intersecting studies on the supply chain.The result indicates that there are 6 categories of information with big hardness and low satisfaction.They are products pricing information,storaging duration information,planting amount information,demand quantity information,demand quality and standard information,and being listed time information.The sales transaction is a period with the biggest hardness and the lowest satisfaction. Before ending,corresponding policy proposals are put forward directing at key information and key components,which are helpful for the cooperation to develop scientific and reasonable decision of production, so as to improve the overall benefits of the cooperation.
2013 Vol. 1 (2): 91-95 [
Abstract
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739
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895KB] (
763
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96
A New Chinese Cabbage F
1
Hybrid —‘Jinbaicai No.8’
HAN Ai-Qian, CHENG Sheng, ZHANG Cui-Xiang, LIU Guo-Qing
‘Jinbaicai No.8’ is a mid-late maturing Chinese cabbage variety.Its growing period is about 88 days.One of its parents HY219 comes from a variety of farmhouse Tangshan,Hebei Province. It developed by crossing through many generations and is an inbred self-incompatible line.The other parent is H226 a self-cross progeny from‘ Tianjinhetaowen’(another farmhouse variety in Tianjin). This hybrid has vigorous growth.The outside leaves and the petiole are light green. The head is a cylinder with compact twisted central part.The‘ Jinbaicai No.8’ is 65 cm in height and 64 cm in stretch.The single plant weight is about 5 kg. The net vegetable rate is over 80%.Its resistance to downy mildew and soft rot is higher than the‘ Taiyuanerqing’.It is tolerant to storage and has good commercial quality.It has less vein on its leaf blade,and less crude fiber content. I ts net vegetable yield is about 127.5 t·hm
-2
. It can be cultivated in the regions where a cylinder-like Chine se cabbage can fit.
2013 Vol. 1 (2): 96-97 [
Abstract
] (
1038
) [
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1KB] [
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802KB] (
733
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98
A New Watermelon F
1
Hybrid —‘Huaimi No.2’ for Facilities Culture
ZHANG Chao-Yang, LUO De-Xu, ZHAO Jian-Feng, SUN Yu-Dong
Abstract:‘Huaimi No.2’is a new early maturing watermelon F1 hybrid developed by crossing W-32 as female parent and X-zu as male parent.The total growing period is about 90 days and the fruit matures 28 days after pollination.It has strong growth vigor and the first fruit is set at the 7-8th nodes. The fruit is elliptical in shape with dark-green narrow gear on light green skin.The fruit shape index is 1.2.The thickness of pericarp is 5.7 mm. It ’s flesh is bright red,juicy and crispy.It tastes very sweet. The pericarp is hard to crack.The single fruit weight is about 2.0 kg and the yield is 29.19 t·hm
-2
.It has good adaptability and can be grown in protected fields in m ajority part of China.
2013 Vol. 1 (2): 98-100 [
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1122
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1011KB] (
651
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101
A New Muskmelon F
1
Hybrid —‘Guimi No.12’
ZHANG Man, FANG Feng-Xue, LIU Wen-Jun, HE Zhong, WANG Ri-Sheng, HUANG Feng-Chan, GAO Zhong-Kui, TANG Dan-Feng
‘Guimi No.12’ is a new muskmelon F1 hybrid developed by crossing 2 inbred lines 05-6 and 00610 as biparental. The variety takes about 35 days to develop fruit. The fruit is golden-yellow in color with smooth or sparsely reticulated peel.Its flesh is orange in color and crispy.The flesh is about 3.3 cm in thickness. It tastes sweet.The soluble solid content is about 16%. Its edible parts account for about 69%.The single fruit weight is about 1.5 kg. Its yield is about 27 t·hm
-2
.It is suitable to be cultivated both in greenhouse and in open fields from spring to summer in Guangxi.
2013 Vol. 1 (2): 101-103 [
Abstract
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1144
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839KB] (
651
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104
A New Chinese Chive Variety —‘Haijiu No.2’
HUI Zhi-Ming, JIANG Zhong-Ren, ZHANG Shu-Gen, XING Yong-Ping, LI Chun-Ling
‘Haijiu No.2’is a new dormant Chinese chive cultivar derived from crossing a malesterile line‘ Xiaohuangmiao’as female parent and a superior line‘ Pingjiu’J-95-42 as male parent (the pollen donor).This cultivar was bred by repeated selfing and selecting to pyramid multiple desirable traits from both parents.The plant grows vigorously with dark green leaves,which is about 0.8 cm in width. The average single plant weight is 6.7 g. The soluble sugar content is 1.58%.The VC content is 310 mg·kg
-1
.The crude fiber content is 0.89%.The annual yield is about 165 t·hm
-2
.The plant is suitable for open field cultivation and protected cultivation in early-spring in Beijing,Hebei and Guangdong Provinces.
2013 Vol. 1 (2): 104-106 [
Abstract
] (
960
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849KB] (
680
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