15 February 2013, Volume 1 Issue 4

    

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  Real-time Quantitative PCR Technology for Detecting Vegetable Bacterial
  Disease

  CHEN Lu, XIE Xue-Wen, SHI Yan-Xia, LI Bao-Ju

  . 2013, 1(4): 1-5.

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  Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（ PCR） method offers new train of thoughts to study phytopathogenic pathogens and to control plant diseases timely．This paper expounds the theory of real-time quantitative PCR，its specificity，sensitivity，application in detecting vegetable
  bacterial diseases recently and prospects for development of real-time PCR．This paper has provided theoretical foundation and technical support for studying vegetable bacterial pathogens and diseases control.
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  Research Progress on Fruit Shape of Vegetable Crops

  PAN Yu-Peng, MENG Huan-Wen, CHEN Shu-Xia, LI Yu-Hong, SHEN Xiao-Qing, CHENG Zhi-Hui

  . 2013, 1(4): 6-13.

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  Fruit shape is one of the most important quality traits of vegetable crops. It is also oneof the main indexes of classification for germplasm resources and sensory evaluation for consumers. Fruit shape is a complicated quantitative characteristic of genetic mechanism. It is relatively difficult to carry
  studies on its genetics. This paper summarized the methods of studying fruit shape genetics, growth and development types, and present status of studying fruit shapes of major vegetable crops. It also prospected the future of this kind of study.
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  Applications and Prospects of Light Environment Control Technology for
  Vegetable Seedling Cultivation in Factory

  SU Na-Na, WU Qi, CUI Jin

  . 2013, 1(4): 14-19.

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  The health level of seedlings is closely connected with the growth and development
  of plant after fix planting，and also with crop yield and quality. Research and development for safe，
  environment friendly，and economic efficient cultivation technology is an important issue in modern
  facility agriculture．Light environment control technology is a new energy saving，environment
  protecting，economical effective，simple and convenient method．This paper summarized the research
  progress and application of light environment control technology in light intensity，light quality and
  photoperiod three fields in vegetable seedling culture，and prospected the application of LED light
  source for vegetable seedling cultivation in factory．
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  Discovery and Study on Mutation Owned Orange Petal of Flowering Chinese
  Cabbage

  ZHANG De-Shuang, ZHANG Feng-Lan, YU Yang-Jun, ZHAO Xiu-Yun, YU Shuan-Cang, WANG Wei-Hong, XU Jia-Bing, LU Gui-Xiang

  . 2013, 1(4): 20-25.

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  A F₁ hybrid was obtained by crossing mutant 11A-47 with orange petal and a wild type
  of flowering Chinese cabbage〔 Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis（L.）Makino var. utilis Tsen et
  Lee〕with yellow petal．After the population of F ₁，F₂，BC₁，BC₁′ were taken as experiment materials．
  Seeds of 6 generations were vernalized at 4 ℃ for 15 days，and cotyledon colors were investigated to
  study the hereditary law of orange petal．Meanwhile，molecular markers linked to or gene in Chinese
  cabbage were applied to determine the characteristics of orange petal gene in flowering Chinese
  cabbage．Results showed that the ratio of orange with green cotyledons was 1∶3 in F₂ progeny, χ²=
  1.938 9 ＜ χ²0.05=3.841．The ratio of orange with green cotyledons was 1∶1 in BC₁′ progeny，χ²=
  1.369 7 ＜ χ²0.05=3.841．Therefore，orange petal gene in flowering Chinese cabbage is qualitative trait，
  and is controlled by a pair of recessive gene．Orange petal gene in flowering Chinese cabbage was probably
  different from gene in Chinese cabbage by molecular markers．
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  Procurement of Transgenic Male Sterile Mustard Plants Induced by TA29-
  Barnase Transformation

  WANG Qian, YANG Hai-Peng, ZOU Min, SONG Hong-Yuan

  . 2013, 1(4): 26-31.

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  Ribonuclease Barnase gene was driven by tobacco TA29 anther tapetum specific
  promoter，using the method of Agrobacterium mediated import in‘ Yufeng’ mustard〔 Brassica juncea
  （L.）Czern. et Coss.〕seedling．Then a completely male sterile plant was gotten．The results of
  cytological observation indicated a series of phenomenas showed that the ahead of schedule degradation
  of anther tapetum cells in the TA29-Barnase transgenic plants，the degeneration of microspore mother
  cells，and no normal pollen grains in matured anthers．The transgenic mustard plants had thin anther，
  after flowering no pollen shed out，and normal seed could not produce when inbred， and also the flowers
  became smaller，pistils shorter，seed pod shorter and the seed qu antity declined．
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  Observation of Ultra Microstructure of Wax-less Mutant Epicuticular Wax
  on Cabbage

  MOU Xiang-Li, WANG Chao, WANG Shuai

  . 2013, 1(4): 32-37.

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  Different growth periods of epicuticular wax development on cabbage（Brassica oleracea
  L. var. capitata L.） leaves were observed by scanning electron microscope，and types of wax mutant
  and wild-type cabbage leaves were selected as materials．Results showed that some waxes crystals were
  found in the wax mutant，the waxes crystals were immature and granular in the entire growth period．
  Different structure of waxes crystals were found in the wild-type，granular and flaky were major crystals
  structure at seedling stage，while cylindrical and flaky at head-forming stage，flaky and linear at
  mature stage.
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  Clone and Core Sequence Analysis on CP Gene of TYLCV Isolate fromTomato in Yangling

  LI Yun-Zhou, LIANG Yan, WANG Qiao-Li, LI Cui, CUI Xia, QIN Lei

  . 2013, 1(4): 38-45.

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  Taking the tomato plants with TYLCV symptom obtained in Yangling tomato production
  base and named TYLCV-Yl（GenBank accession：KC293824）as material，we cloned the full coat
  protein gene（ CP） and the core part（tCP）of coat protein gene of the TYLCV-Yl isolate and analyzed
  the sequence features and tCP evolutionary character．Multiple comparison of this virus full coat protein
  sequence with other 18 TYLCV-CP nucleotide sequence and constructed evolutionary tree based on CP
  gene nucleotide sequence using DNAMAN software．The results indicated that the tomato yellow leaf
  curl virus isolation（ TYLCV-Yl）obtained in Yangling was confirmed as the resource of TYLCV-Yl．
  We also acquired the full gene sequence of coat protein of TYLCV-Yl，which lay foundation for resistance
  based on CP gene．The core sequence tCP is very conservative and its length is about 419 bp．
  This core sequence coded 137 amino acids and has a trans-membra ne structure from 79 to 97 amino acid．
  Based on phylogenetic tree constructed by CP gene，TYLCV from NCBI was divided into 3 subgroups：TYLCV subgroup Ⅰ，TYLCV subgroup Ⅱ and TYLCV subgroup Ⅲ．The isolate TYLCV-Yl was belonged
  to subgroup Ⅰ.
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  Effects of Wheat and Oat Residues on Growth of Continuous Cucumber Cropping and Soil Enzymatic Activit

  SUN Yi-Wen, WU Feng-Zhi

  . 2013, 1(4): 46-51.

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  By pot culture experiment，this paper studies the effects of adding wheat，oat and
  their mixed residues（1∶1）in soil on soil enzymatic activity and growth of cucumber．The results
  showed that 3 kinds treatments with 3 different residues could significantly improve the activities of invertase
  and neutral phosphatase in soil in continuous cucumber cropping，while the mixed residues
  treatment could significantly increase dehydrogenase activity in soil，and oat residue treatment could
  significantly raise the activity of urease in soil．The treatment with oat and wheat residues could significantly
  improve the plant height，stem thickness and fresh plant quality．Mixed residue treatment
  has not much effects on cucumber growth. Adding wheat and oat residues in soils in continuous cropping
  could improve the soil ecological environment and relieve the b arriers of continuous cropping.
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  Effects of Potato/Maize Intercropping with Different Row Ratios on Commercial Quality and Economic Benefits of Different Potato Varieties

  HUANG Cheng-Jian, ZHAO Si-Yi, WANG Long-Chang, WANG Ji-Chun, ZHAO Yong, CAI Ye-Mao, TENG Yan

  . 2013, 1(4): 52-59.

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  In order to clarify the effects of potato/maize intercropping system on potato（Solanum
  tuberosum L.） commercial quality and its economic benefits，and choose appropriate potato varieties
  to interplant with maize，a potato/maize intercropping field experiment with 2 different potato-maize
  row ratios and 4 potato varieties were carried out to study the changes in potato commercial quality and total output value under intercropping condition．The results showed that the number and weight of
  commodity tubers（ the weight ≥ 50 g） per plant，the commodity tuber percent and ratio of commodity
  tuber quality in total tuber quality，both the weight of per commodity tuber and tubers per plant were all
  reduced under intercropping condition．In addition，the number and weight of commodity tubers per
  plant，and weight of tubers per plant were very significantly higher in 3∶2 row ratios than that in 2∶2
  row ratios under intercropping system．The differences between commodity tubers with these 2 row ratio s
  were due to different potato cultivars．No substantial differences were observed on the weight of per
  commodity tuber and the weight percent of commodity tuber in to tal tuber between the 2 potato-maize row
  ratios．Moreover，intercropping led to noticeable reduction in fresh and dry biomass．The tuber yield
  and yield of commodity tuber in intercropping were remarkably lower than that in single cropping system．
  That in 2∶2 row ratios was lower than that in 3∶2 row ratios．Under intercropping，‘Faviorita’ had
  better commercial characteristics，while ‘Zhongshu No.5’ had poorer commodity characteristics，
  ‘Eshu No.5’and ‘Mira’ had middle level quality．High or low total output value in intercropping
  systems was not always positively correlated with potato commodity characteristics．The total output
  value of intercropping was higher than maize output value in mono-cropping maize．But，there were
  differences between different cultivars and different row ratios in mono-potato．The varieties suitable for
  intercropping with maize and favorable row ratios were in the f ollowing order：‘Faviorita’with ratio 3∶2，
  ‘Zhongshu No.5’with ratio 3∶2，‘Mira’with ratio 3∶2，and‘Faviorita’with ratio 2∶2.
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  Allelopathy Effects of Straw and Green Manure on Lettuce Seed

  WEI Yun-Xia, LU Jian-Wei, LI Xiao-Kun, XUE Xin-Xin, WANG Su-Ping

  . 2013, 1(4): 60-64.

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  An experiment was conducted by indoor culture to study the allelopathic effects of straw
  and green manure on lettuce（Lactuca satiua L.）germination and seedling growth．Results showed
  that straw and green manure extracts treatments could delay the progress of germination，even inhibit
  the germination rate at high concentration．In this study，low concentration of all extract treatments intensified
  the inhibit for seedling height，while for the root length they only expressed as normal inhibit．
  The fresh weight and dry weight reduced of lettuce seedlings increased as the concentration of extract
  treatments increased，then decreased afterwards．The extracts of rice straw，rape stalk，Chinese milk
  vetch and Chinese milk vetch mixed with rape stalk at different concentrations increased the seedling
  fresh weight by 27.33%，27.52%，1.28%，19.24%，respectively．Under different concentrations，
  extracts of rice straw and Chinese milk vetch showed inhibit allelopathic effect on lettuce，while that
  of rape stalk and Chinese milk vetch mixed with rape stalk showed promotion allelopathic effect at low
  concentration. The mixture of Chinese milk vetch and rape stalk maybe an effective way to improve the
  effectiveness of Chinese milk vetch or rape stalk used alone．
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  Effects of Foliar Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Celery Seed

  GAO Guo-Xun, WANG Wu-Tai, WU Feng, LIU Hui-Jing, XIA Jun-Feng, HAO Jian-Quan

  . 2013, 1(4): 65-68.

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  This experiment used foliar fertilizer mixed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and
  Penggaibao as compound fertilizer and sprayed it at different celery flowering stages taking‘ 08-15’
  celery（Apium graveolens L.） cultivar as material．The results showed that foliar spraying during the
  secondary inflorescence flowering stage could not only increase celery seed yield，but also improve
  1000-grain weight and enhance germination ability，thus to effectively improve seed quality．The
  effects of spraying foliar fertilizer at the end of the third inflorescence flowering stage to the early fourth
  inflorescence flowering stage would make the 1000-grain weight and germination capacity，etc．quality
  indexes become worse，although the seed yield was increased．Twice successive spraying at the above
  mentioned stages would have better effect in increasing yield and improving seed quality，but one thing
  worthwhile to notice is the later spraying could easily damage the flower branch，and field operation is
  very inconvenient．If spraying at this time is really needed，the row spacing in seed producing field
  should be large enough.
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  Establishment of Recommended Potassium Fertilization Technical System for
  Vegetables in South China

  LI Shu-Yi, ZHANG Qiao, LIAO Xin-Rong, WANG Rong-Ping, DING Xiao-Dong, ZHANG Yu-Can

  . 2013, 1(4): 69-75.

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  Fertilizer K experiments of 138 field trials on leaf vegetable，gourd vegetable and
  legume vegetable in different locations with different fertility levels were investigated，and the statistical
  analysis on the relative yield and potassium fertilization and soil available potassium were carried out．
  The regression equations were also established．They were to determine the soil Rich-Lack index on
  available potassium and the recommended fertilization of potassium for different fertility levels of soil．
  Results showed that when the relative yield of vegetable were <75%，75%-95%，>95%，the soil
  Rich-Lack index on the available potassium were <50 mg·kg^-1，50-240 mg·kg^-1，>240 mg·kg^-1，
  respectively for gourd-vegetable like balsam pear，that was <45 mg·kg^-1，45-195 mg·kg^-1，>195
  mg·kg^-1 respectively for legume vegetable like cowpea，that was <20 mg·kg^-1，20-140 mg·kg^-1，
  >140 mg·kg-1 respectively for leaf vegetable．The recommended fertilization of potassium for different
  fertility levels of soil were that the gourd vegetables were 225.0 kg·hm^-2，112.5-225.0 kg·hm^-2，
  <112.5 kg·hm^-2 respectively，the legume vegetables were 187.5 kg·hm^-2，105.0-187.5 kg·hm^-2，<105.0 kg ·hm^-2，respectively，the leaf vegetables were 142.5 kg·hm^-2，82.5-142.5 kg·hm^-2，
  <82.5 kg·hm ²，respectively.
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  Effect Evaluation on Rapid Enzyme Inhibiting Method to Detect Pesticide
  Residues in Vegetable

  YE Xue-Zhu, WANG Qiang, ZHAO Shou-Ping, ZHANG Hu, WANG Xiang-Yun, ZHAO Yan-Shen

  . 2013, 1(4): 76-81.

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  This paper evaluated the effect of daily used enzyme inhibition method to rapid detect
  pesticide residues in vegetables，by chromatography quantitative detection．The results showed that
  there were bigger differences in sensitivities of different pesticides using this method，among them sensitivity
  of carbofuran was the best，and the lowest can reach 0.003 mg·kg-1，followed by methomyl and
  carbaryl．But the sensitivities of chlorpyrifos and triazophos，which were often detected in present vegetables，
  were not high．The rapid detection had false-positive and false-negative problems．The falsepositive
  rates of vegetable products were 7.1%-26.2%，while the false-negative rates to test the pesticide
  chlorpyrifos for vegetables sample were generally high．Therefore，the method of enzyme inhibition has
  played certain role in rapid controlling high toxic vegetables，but as law enforcement detection，further
  research is essential to improve the enzyme reagent quality and to study the pretreatment method.
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  Identification of Field Resistance to Stem Blight in Chinese Water Chestnut Resources

  LI Feng, KE Wei-Dong, LI Shuang-Mei, PENG Jing, LI Ming-Hua, SUN Ya-Lin

  . 2013, 1(4): 82-85.

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  Resistance identification and evaluation of 30 Chinese water chestnut〔Eleocharis
  tuberosa（Roxb.）Roem. et Schult〕 resources to stem blight was carried out in field under nature
  disease occurrence condition by relative resistance index method．‘Yiyangbiqi’was identified as
  high resistance，‘Xuanzhouqi-2’and‘Jiangxijiujiangqi’were identified as medium resistance．
  Meanwhile，it was determined that state of illness investigation in the middle and lower valley of the
  Yangtze River should be dated in early October（Chinese water chestnut would be transplanted in in
  middle and late July）．Using relative resistance index method to identify and evaluate Chinese water
  chestnut resistance to stem blight could in certain degree eliminate effects of different investigation
  methods on the accuracy of identification results．
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  Comparison of Field Trapping Efficacy between Half-shaped and Wholeshaped Rubber Sex Pheromone Lure of Diamondback Moth

  WANG Shao-Li, KANG Zong-Jiang, WU Qing-Jun, SHENG Shi-Meng, SHI Bao-Cai, SHENG Cheng-Fa

  . 2013, 1(4): 86-89.

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  Trapping efficacy of half-shaped and whole-shaped rubber septa sex pheromone lure
  with same pheromone components，ratio and dosage were evaluated by water trap．The results showed
  that the mean numbers of moths captured with half-shaped lures were 35.6% and 53.6% higher than
  that with the whole-shaped lures，respectively．The differences were significant or highly significant，
  respectively．Similarly，the maximum number of moths captured at one tray in a day baited with the
  half-shaped lures was 68.3% higher than that with the whole-shaped lure，and the difference was highly
  significant.
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  Investigation and Studies on Structure of Solar Greenhouse in Shanxi Provice

  ZHANG Ji-Tao, LIN Lu, YAN Wan-Li, JI Zeng-Shun

  . 2013, 1(4): 90-94.

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  In order to understand the major type of solar greenhouse in Shanxi Province and its
  existing problems，we investigated the types and current situation of solar greenhouses，and analyzed
  the rationality of 3 important structure designs including lighting roof，wall style and digging depth．
  The result indicated that there were many types of solar greenhouse，which could be mainly divided
  into 2 kinds：stand slope type and arch round type according to the structure of lighting roof．Judging
  from the wall style structure，it could be divided into the earth wall and brick wall 2 types．The already
  constructed solar greenhouses in Shanxi Province were lack of necessary analysis and specification in
  construction．There were mang problems．The lagging jacks in front of the greenhouses shaded off
  more light，the over digging made the depth too deep，and the wall bodies were too thick．We should
  develop a standardized construction plan for solar greenhouse according to the climate characteristics of
  Shanxi Province，so as to guide the construction of new solar greenhouses and optimize the reformation
  of existing solar greenhouses.
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  A New Cucumber F₁ Hybrid —‘Zhongnong No. 116’

  GU Xing-Fang, ZHANG Sheng-Ping, WANG Ye, XU Cai-Qing, MIAO Han

  . 2013, 1(4): 95-97.

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  ‘Zhongnong No.116’ is a newly bred cucumber hybrid using inbred line 01316 as
  maternal parent and 081006 as paternal parent．It has early-mid maturity．Its fruit is mainly resulted
  on vine．The fruit is about 30 cm in length with short neck and dark green skin. Its commercial fruit rate
  is high．Its fruit tastes sweet and crispy．The fruit has no yellow stripes．It has resistance for downy
  mildew，Fusarium wilt，WMV，ZYMV and moderate resistance to CMV．It can yield over 150 t ·hm^-2，
  and has big potential for bumper harvest．It is suitable to be cultivated under plastic shed in spring and
  autumn and also in open field.
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  A New Seedling-Edible Chinese Cabbage F₁ Hybrid —‘Jingyankuaicai No.2’

  YU Yang-Jun, ZHANG Feng-Lan, ZHANG De-Shuang, ZHAO Xiu-Yun, YU Shuan-Cang, WANG Wei-Hong, XU Jia-Bing

  . 2013, 1(4): 98-100.

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  ‘Jingyankuaicai No. 2’ is a new seedling-edible Chinese cabbage F1 hybrid bred by
  crossing self-incompatible line 03QX4A23 with 07338．It is of upright plant type with dark green leaves．
  The leaf pulp is thick，soft with white petiole and without hair．It has wide adaptation and fast growing
  speed．It is tolerant to heat and wet．It can be harvested 28-30 days after sowing．Its yield is about
  60.0-67.5 t·hm^-2．It is suitable to be cultivated in most areas of China．
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  A New Netted Melon F₁ Hybrid —‘Jinli’

  ZHANG Ruo-Wei, PENG Dong-Xiu, LI Xiu-Xiu

  . 2013, 1(4): 101-103.

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  ‘Jinli’ is a new netted melon F 1 hybrid developed by crossing line DC， which is obtained
  from crossing Taiwan netted melon variety‘ Dali’ with Japanese variety‘ クラウン’as female parent，
  with a stable inbred line QS，which is obtained by crossing Taiwan variety‘ Xinshiji’ and yellow skin
  inbred line as male parent．‘Jinli’ has vigorous plant growth with compact plant-type．The fruit
  development period is about 45 days．The single fruit weight is about 1.5-2.0 kg．The fruit shape is
  high round，and the fruit shape indexes is 1.08．Its fruit peel is golden yellow in color with fine and
  even network．Its pulp is orange red．The soluble solid content is about 17%．The average yield is
  about 51.0 t·hm^-2．It is suitable for protected field cultivation in spring and a utumn all over China．
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  A New Hot Pepper F₁ Hybrid —‘Yu 07-01’

  ZHANG Xiao-Wei, YAO Qiu-Ju, JIANG Wu-Sheng, YUAN Yu-Xiang, ZHAO Yan-Yan, WANG Zhi-Yong

  . 2013, 1(4): 104-106.

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  ‘Yu 07-01’ is a new hot pepper F1 hybrid bred by crossing inbred line P70-4 as female
  parent with inbred line P20-8 as male parent．The fruit is of horn shape，15.3 cm in length and 3.6
  cm in diameter．The average fruit weight is 66.6 g．The fruit peel is green in color．Its yield is 51.8
  t·hm^-2．The VC content is 814.0 mg·kg^-1 and the soluble sugar content is 2.57%．It is high-resistant
  to virus diseases，phytophthora blight and anthracnose．It is suitable for cultivation both in open and
  protected fields in early spring.