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15 August 2013, Volume 1 Issue 16
    

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  • Research Status on Breeding of Ginger Germplasm Resource and Prospect
    WANG Lei, XU Kun, LI Xiu
    . 2013, 1(16): 1.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Ginger（Zingiber officinale Rosc.） is a perennial root herb plant．Its weighty tuber
    is edible organ．Ginger is one of the healthy vegetables widely used all over the world and also an
    important material for food，medicine and chemical products．This paper summarizes the internal
    and external research status on ginger germplasm resource，and progress made in new ginger varieties
    breeding and selection，and innovating ginger germplasm by using natural selection，mutation
    breeding，biotechnology breeding．Suggestions are also put forward about future ginger breeding and
    purity conservation of elite varieties．
  • Flowering Control Mechanism of Arabidopsis RNA Processing Factor
    ZOU Chen-Hui, TANG Qing-Lin, SONG Ming, WANG Zhi-Min
    . 2013, 1(16): 7.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Flowering regulation is a very important process in plant growth and development. Arabidopsis
    molecular genetics analysis showed that MADS-box transcription factor FLC，RNA binding
    protein（ FCA，FPA and FLK） and mRNA 3′ end processing factor（ FY） are all involved in this process.
    The flowering factor urges plant to bloom by inhibiting FLC expression．Through post-transcriptional
    regulation，RNA binding protein regulates the process of Arabidopsis flowering by regulating FLC
    expression．Besides，microRNAs also participate in this process．This paper summarize d the regulating
    process of these related factors to explain the mechanism of RNA processing factor in participating Arabidopsis
    flowering regulation.
  • Genetic Diversity of BrAOP2 and Analysis of Its Correlation with Glucosinolates Content in Chinese Cabbage
    LIU Zhi-Yuan, ZHANG Ji-Fang, WU Jian, LIANG Jian-Li, WANG Xiao-Wu
    . 2013, 1(16): 14.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In this study，full length cDNA sequence of 3 BrAOP2 genes（BrAOP2.1，BrAOP2.2，
    BrAOP2.3）was cloned from Chinese cabbage〔Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis（Lour） Olsson〕
    ‘Chiifu’．Sequence alignment showed that BrAOP2.1 shares 78% identity with BrAOP2.2 and 74% with
    BrAOP2.3，while BrAOP2.2 and BrAOP2.3 share 81% identity．Glucosinolates profile and contents
    were evaluated for 32 Chinese cabbage accessions． 7 glucosinolates were detected by HPLC. Glucobrassicanapin（
    GBN） and Progoitrin（ PRO） were the most dominant glucosinolates with the highest ratio
    around 23.99% and 23.16% of the total glucosinolates，respectively．Among the 32 accessions，13
    SNPs were identified for BrAOP2．The correlation analysis between identified BrAOP2 SNPs and glucosinolates
    content revealed that A1051G site of BrAOP2.1 and A560G，C753T，A790G and T927C
    of BrAOP2.2 had significant correlation with the PRO content，while the G825A site of BrAOP2.2 had significant correlation with 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin（4OH）conten t.
  • Encoding Gene Cloning and Expression Analysis of BYPASS1 in Brassica oleracea L.
    LIU Yu-Dong, GAO Qi-Guo, ZENG Jing, ZHANG Lin-Cheng, ZHU Li-Quan, REN Xue-Song, WANG Xiao-Jia
    . 2013, 1(16): 22.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    An up-regulated protein in Brassica oleracea L. stigma induced by self-pollination
    was identified as BYPASS1 protein by 2-DE electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-TOF/MS. The genomic
    DNA and cDNA coding sequences of BYPASS1（ BPS1）were amplified by PCR．The sequence analysis
    showed that BPS1 had no intron. Its ORF was 1 059 bp，encoded a polypeptide with 352 amino acids
    with a predicted molecular mass of 38.7 kD. Phylogenetic tree analysis using MEGA 5.1 showed that
    Brassica oleracea L. BPS1 was more close to Arabidopsis thaliana BPS1 rather than Nicotiana benthamiana
    BYPASS1，amino acid homologous similarity is 85%．RT-PCR analysis showed that 1-2 days
    before flowering，BPS1 expressed in petal，sepal，pollen，stigma and leaf，and the express level in
    the stigma was higher than the other organs．Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis showed that the relative expression level of BPS1 in stigma was continually increased after self-pollination，and after cross-pollination its expression level was increased firstly，than decreased and finally increased
    again.
  • Studies on Flanking Sequence of Potato Late Blight Resistance Gene by
    Adapter Ligation-mediated PCR Amplifying
    ZHANG Kun, XU Jian-Fei, DUAN Shao-Guang, PANG Wan-Fu, BIAN Chun-Song, LIU Jie, JIN Li-Ping
    . 2013, 1(16): 29.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Based on a potato（Solanum tuberosum L.）late blight resistance gene fragment
    obtained by NBS profiling，specific nested primers were designed to amplify flanking sequences of the
    fragment using adapter ligation-mediated PCR. The results indicated that，after digestion of genomic
    DNA by restriction enzyme Dra Ⅰ，2 301 bp and 820 bp length sequence was amplified at the right and
    left side of the known gene 536 bp fragment，respectively．Finally，the fragment was elongated 2 273
    bp at right and 789 bp at left，which assemble a 3 443 bp full length sequence. A 2 413 bp candidate
    gene including intron and extron was predicted with the software GENSCAN．A primer，RDZ，specific
    to UTR region of the gene，was developed to amply resistant and susceptible genotypes．The results
    showed a 2 571 bp fragment amplified by RDZ is linked to late b light resistance.
  • The Growth and Heritability of Zizinia latifolia Plants Infected with Sporidial
    Strain of Ustilago esculenta
    YAN Ning, XUE Hui-Min, SHI Lin-Yu, FAN Jing, XU Xiao-Feng, WANG Zhi-Dan, GUO De-Ping
    . 2013, 1(16): 35.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The swollen culm of Zizania latifolia induced by a smut fungus Ustilago esculenta is used
    as a vegetable in China．During the cultivation of Z. latifolia-U. esculenta associations，some of them
    escape from the infection of U. esculenta（as control plant），some may produce swollen culms containing
    mature，pigmented teliospores when infected by sporidial（T）strains of the fungus，and some produce
    the normal swollen culms when infected by mycelia-sporidial（M-T）strains．In this study，Z. latifolia
    （cv.‘ Zhejiao No.2’，a double-harvest variety）plants infected with U. esculenta mycelia-sporidia（l M-T）
    and T strains，were used to measure plant height，leaf number，tiller number，aboveground biomass（leaf，
    sheath，culm）and morphological parameters．The effects of environmental factors（fungicide，water
    and irradiation）on growth of plants infected by U. esculenta and control plants were also investigated．
    The results showed that plant height was suppressed by U. esculenta infection，and it decreased according to the order：control plants > plants infected by T strain > plants infected by M-T strain．It
    was also observed that plants infected by two distinct strains of the fungus had significantly higher tiller
    number and aboveground biomass（especially sheath and culm biomass）compared to control plants. In
    addition，fresh weights and volumes of the culms decreased according to t he order：plants infected by M-T
    strain > plants infected by T strain > control plants．Our study also indicated that application of fungicide
    was considered to be the main factor causing plants to escape from fungal infection，while，irradiation
    and water deficiency were observed to facilitate the generation of T strain mutant from M-T strain fungus.
    Our results showed that T strain fungus was genetically stable.
  • Effects of Cry1Ac Broccoli on Resistance to Diamondback Moth and
    Oviposition Behavior
    CUI Shu-Song, YI Deng-Xia, YANG Li-Mei, FANG Zhi-Yuan, LIU Yu-Mei, ZHUANG Mu, ZHANG Yang-Yong, SUN Pei-Tian
    . 2013, 1(16): 43.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In this study，effects of Bacillus thuringiensis（Bt）broccoli expressing different levels
    of Cry1Ac protein on resistance to Cry1Ac-susceptible and Cry1A c-resistant diamondback moth（DBM）
    and oviposition behavior were evaluated. The concentrations of Cry1Ac protein in these 3 Bt broccoli
    lines were 167 ng·g-1，224 ng·g-1，and 246 ng·g-1 fresh weight，respectively．Untransformed
    broccoli plants were used as control．The larval survival rate of diamondback moth on control leaves
    was not significantly different between resistant and susceptible DBM. The mortality of Cry1Ac-resistant
    DBM was 18% on Bt plants expressing 167 ng·g-1 Cry1Ac protein．The Cry1Ac-susceptible larvae
    could not survive on all of the Bt broccoli．There was no significant difference in number of eggs laid by
    DBM adults among different Bt broccoli．The development of Cry1Ac-susceptible and Cry1Ac-resistant
    DBM on Bt plants was also tested in greenhouse. The results of greenhouse trial were similar to that of laboratory tests.
  • Effects of Light Intensity on Growth and Nutritional Quality of Black Soybean
    Sprouts
    ZHANG Yi-Hua, ZHANG Xiao-Yan, CUI Jin
    . 2013, 1(16): 49.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Abstract：Light emitting diode（LED）was applied to accurately modulate light intensity．
    The effects of light intensity on growth and nutritional quality of black soybean（Glycine max）
    sprouts were studied．The results indicated that compared with cultivation in darkness，the
    hypocotyl diameter was significantly increased when the light intensity were 3 μmol·m-2·s-1，9
    μmol·m-2·s-1 and 15 μmol·m-2·s-1．The content of VC was significantly increased when the
    light intensity was 3 μmol·m-2·s-1．The contents of soluble protein，soluble sugar，sucrose and
    the activity of POD were significantly increased when the light intensity was 9 μmol·m-2·s-1．
    Under the light intensity of 3-15 μmol·m-2·s-1，the contents of chlorophyll a，chlorophyll b，
    chlorophyll a+b and carotenoid were significantly higher than that of those cultured in darkness．
    And various pigment contents were increased with the increase of light intensity．In general，the
    light intensity of 3-9 μmol·m-2·s-1 was beneficial for the growth and improvement of some
    nutritional qualities of black soybean sprouts.
  • Effects of Organic Nitrogen Glycine Concentration on Photosynthesis System
    and Growth of Hydroponic Pakchoi
    YANG Dan-Ni, WANG Xiao-Li, HUANG Dan-Feng
    . 2013, 1(16): 55.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Taking‘ Huawang’ and‘ Wuyueman’ cultivars under sterile hydroponic conditions as
    test material，this paper studies the effects of organic nitrogen glycine concentration on photosynthetic
    physiology of pakchoi〔Brassica campestirs L. spp. chinensis（L.）Makino var. communis Tsen et
    Lee〕. The pakchoi photosynthetic responses to glycine concentration were evaluated by fresh weight，
    chlorophyll content，net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence，with 4 concentration
    gradients（2.5，5.0，10.0，20.0 mmol·L-1）set up and non-nitrogen as the contrast. The results
    showed that fresh weight and leaf photosynthetic pigment contents increased at 0-5 mmol·L-1，but then
    decreased over this range. The relatively higher net photosynthetic rate of‘ Huawang’ was observed at
    2.5-10.0 mmol·L-1，while that of‘ Wuyueman’ was at 2.5 mmol·L-1．No significant differences of
    chlorophyll fluorescence were observed among 4 glycine gradients．Compared to non-nitrogen contrast，
    ‘Huawang’showed higher Fv/Fm，ΦPSⅡ，qP and lower Fo at every treatment，indicating a higher photochemical efficiency than‘ Wuyueman’.
  • Studies on Matrimony Vine Seedling by Hardwood Cuttage
    FU Jin-Feng, DONG Li-Feng, YANG Xue, SHI Yu-Juan, WANG Feng-Bao
    . 2013, 1(16): 61.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The annual hardwood of metrimony vine（Lycium chinense Mill.）cultivar‘Tianjing
    No. 3’was used under open field cultivation in spring to study the effects of bigslip length，oblique and
    straight cutting，normal and reverse cuttage，rooting agent treatment on its survival rate and seedling
    quality．The results showed that cutting length，normal and reverse cuttage could greatly influence the
    cutting survival rate and seedling quality of‘Tianjing No. 3’．Cutting survival rate and seedling quality
    of 10 cm cuttings were obviously lower than those of 20 cm and 30 cm cuttings. But the cutting survival
    rate had no significant differences between 20 cm and 30 cm cuttings．They were all over 96%，and
    their seedling quality was close．Reverse cuttage could make the survival rate fall to 80%，and the
    branch number per plant was obviously less than that of the normal cutting. The cutting survival rate and
    seedling quality had no significant differences between oblique cutting and upright cutting，and the same
    to applying rooting agent treatment or not．So under open field cultivation the most appropriate cutting
    way of‘Tianjin No. 3’is cutting annual branch into 20 cm stems，planting them at a 45-degree angle
    to the ground，avoiding reverse cuttage，and not applying rooting agent treatment.
  • Effects of Water and Nitrogen Treatment on Yield，Water and Soil Nutrition
    Use Efficiency of Broccoli
    JIANG Li, ZHANG Guo-Bin, ZHANG Jing, LI Jie, YU Ji-Hua
    . 2013, 1(16): 66.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Abstract：Taking field test method，this paper studies the effects of different irrigation quantity
    and nitrogen application on yield，water utilization efficiency and root zone soil nutrition contents of
    broccoli（Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck）planted at north-west plateau. The results showed
    that the yield of broccoli by treatment of medium water and high nitrogen（ W2N1） was the highest. It
    could reach 2 035 kg·（667 m2）-1，which was 36.30% higher than low water low nitrogen treatment
    （W3N3）．But，water utilization efficiency increased along with the decrease of irrigation quantity. The
    highest water use efficiency 35.08 kg·m-3 appeared with the low water high nitrogen treatment（W3N1）．
    The dry matter accumulation quantity increased with the increase of water and nitrogen quantity，but it
    would decrease when their quantities exceeded certain dosage．Medium water high nitrogen treatment
    （W2N1） had the best effect．Under different water and nitrogen treatment，in 0-20 cm soil layer the
    contents of soil available N，P and K would nave the tendency of rising firstly，then falling down. The  application quantity of P and K was even larger than their absorption，big quantity was left in soil．To
    put it short，planting broccoli in north-west plateau the best treatment is medium water high nitrogen
    （W2N1） - the nitrogen fertilizer applying quantity is 27.6 kg·（667 m2）-1 and irrigation quantity is
    83.52 m3·（667 m2）-1．
  • Effect of Companion Planting Chinese Onion on Soil Bacterial Communities
    in Root Zone of Cucumber
    XIA Xiu-Bo, WANG Quan-Hua, GE Chen-Hui, CAO Shou-Jun, LI Tao, YAO Jian-Gang, ZHANG Rui-Qing
    . 2013, 1(16): 72.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    By PCR-DGGE method，the paper studies the effect of companion planting Chinese
    onion Allium fistulosum L. var. giganteum Makino on the bacterial communities in root zone of grafted
    cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）．The results showed that with test plants companion planting，the
    Chinese onion decreased the diversity and evenness indices of bacterial communities in root zone of
    grafted cucumber．And the diversity of soil bacterial communities varied with the growing stages of
    cucumber．The sequencing of DGGE bands indicated that the characteristic bands of companion planting
    Chinese onion were classified as Acidobacteria，Actinobacteria，Sphingomonas and Pseudomonadaceae，
    respectively.
  • Studies on Morphology and Biological Characteristics of Botrytis elliptica
    （Berk.）Cooke Causing Foliage Blight of Lilium davidii Duch. var. unicolor
    （Hoog）Cotton
    BAI Bin, YANG Hua-Lian, HE Su-Qin, YU An-Fen
    . 2013, 1(16): 78.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Botrytis foliage blight is a main disease of Lilium davidii Duch. var. unicolor（Hoog）
    Cotton in central region of Gansu Province．It becomes a devastating disease in rainy years．In June-
    August of 2012，due to the heavier rainfall than the usual years，botrytis foliage blight of Lilium
    davidii Duch. var. unicolor（Hoog）Cotton outbroke severely．The wilting plants reached to 50%-
    70% in serious affected fields in mid-August．In some fields，almost all of the plants were killed．
    The pathogens（ strain lily-1 and lily-2） were isolated from diseased leaf of Lilium davidii Duch. var.
    unicolor（Hoog）Cotton．They were identified as Botrytis elliptica（ Berk.） Cooke，according to
    Koch’s rule and morphology characteristics comparison．The mycelium can grow under 5-30 ℃，and the optimal temperature is 20-25 ℃. Mycelial growth is suppressed and the mycelia turned brown
    at 30 ℃．Mycelia stops growing at 35 ℃，but it can recover growing after being cultured 7 days at
    35 ℃ and then being transferred to 20 ℃ for 5 days culture. The temperature for sclerotia forming is
    5-25 ℃．There are bigger variations in sclerotia forming time，position and size in different bacterial
    strains，different culture temperatures or different repeats in the same bacterial strain．Sexual spores
    are rare or extremely abundant．Conidia begins to germinate at 20 ℃ in 3-5 hours．The germination
    rates can reach 50%-99% in 15 hours．Conidia produces 1-2 germ tubes usually，and forms 0-2 septa
    in the middle of conidia.
  • Identification of Pathotype of Plasmodiophora brassicae on Crucifer Vegetables
    in Eight Provinces of China
    DING Yun-Hua, JIAN Yuan-Cai, YU Yang-Jun, WANG Wei-Hong, GENG Li-Hua, KANG Jun-Gen
    . 2013, 1(16): 85.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Identification of pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae distributed in 18 clubroot
    infested fields from 8 provinces of China was carried out by inoculating resting spore suspension．
    The result showed that pathotype 4 of P. brassicae，as classified on the differentials of Williams，
    was detected in 16 infested roots from the following regions，Weishan，Panlong and Yuxi in Yunnan
    Province，Wulong in Chongqing municipality，Changyang in Hubei Province，Qingdao in Shandong
    Province，Taibai in Shaanxi Province，Pixian，Pengzhou and Shifang in Sichuan Province，Jiading
    in Shanghai municipality，Dalian in Liaoning Province．And pathotype 7 and 2 were detected，
    respectively in the roots from Ganzi in Sichuan Province and Tonghai in Yunnan Province．Pathotype 4
    appeared to be predominant on Crucifer vegetables in these regi ons.
  • Studies on Snails Harm in Vegetable and Corn and Its Tropism
    YE Jian-Ren, WANG Qiang, ZHAO Xue-Ping, CHEN Hai-Bo
    . 2013, 1(16): 89.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Taking tomato，calabash gourd，Chinese cabbage，broccoli，hot pepper，eggplant，
    asparagus bean，garlic，celery and corn as experimental material，this paper studies on the snail
    （Bradybaena）harm in vegetables and corn and its tropism. The results showed that the snail could
    injure the Chinese cabbage，broccoli，calabash gourd，hot pepper，eggplant，celery and corn
    seedling．The snail could eat one day after treatment with positive tropism. But no damage found in
    tomato，asparagus bean and garlic，they had negative tropism. Overall， snail likes Chinese cabbage the
    best with positive tropism，the next is broccoli. Garlic has the biggest negative tropism to snail.
  • Toxicity Determination of Beauveria bassiana Isolates on Thrips palmi Karny
    YUAN Sheng-Yong, KONG Qiong, XUE Chun-Li, TIAN Xue-Jun, CHEN 　Bin, SHEN Deng-Rong
    . 2013, 1(16): 92.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Virulence of Beauveria bassiana Bb050230 strain at different concentration to the
    adults and larvae of Thrips palmi Karny was evaluated in the laboratory. The results indicated that the
    strain Bb050230 had higher pathogenicity to adults and larvae of Thrips palmi Karny．After inoculating
    strain Beauveria bassiana Bb050230 with 3.0×108 conidia·mL-1 for 8 days，the correct mortality
    of adult and larvae were 85.76% and 83.25%，respectively. The median lethal times（ LT50） were 4.43
    days and 4.79 days. The median lethal concentration（LC50） for adult and larvae at the 8th day were
    determined as 3.106×105 conidia·mL-1 and 3.284×105 conidia·mL-1，respectively.
  • A New Hot Pepper F1 Hybrid —‘Jingxuan No. 2’
    WANG Chao-Lian, WU Li-Ya, DING Hai-Feng, HE Wei-Ming
    . 2013, 1(16): 96.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    ‘Jingxuan No. 2’ is a new hot pepper F1 hybrid developed by crossing 02-H203 as female
    parent and 02-116 as male parent. It is of medium and early maturity．It has strong sustainable
    fruit setting ability and rapid fruit growing speed． There are small differences between the fruits in upper
    and lower layers. Its fruit is of long-conical shape． The immature fruit is green．Its fruit is 25-28 cm in
    length，3.5-4.0 cm in diameter．The flesh thickness is 0.35 cm．The single fruit weight is 80-100 g．
    It is very spicy and tastes good．It is resistant to TMV，mid-resistant to CMV and Phytophthora blight．
    It is tolerant to storage and transportation．It can yield about 52.5 t·hm-2．It is suitable to be planted
    in protected and open fields in northern china．
  • A New Bottle Gourd F1 Hybrid —‘Ronghu No. 1’
    XU Duan-Xiang, GAO Shan, LIN Bi-Ying
    . 2013, 1(16): 99.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    ‘Ronghu No. 1’ is a new bottle gourd F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line 90 as
    female parent and inbred line 22 as male parent．The plant grows vigorously. It is of early and medium
    maturity．Its fruit is mainly setting on lateralbine and the fruit setting ability is good．The first female
    flower is setting on lower node．It takes 45-60 days from sowing to harvesting，and 8-12 days from
    blossoming to fruit maturing in spring cultivation．Its fruit is of long clavate shape with shining green
    pericarp．The fruit is 30-40 cm in length，5-7 cm in diameter．Its single fruit weight is 500-600 g
    with good quality．It can yield about 52.5 t·hm-2．It is suitable to be extended and cultivated in Fujian
    Province．
  • A New Eggplant F1 Hybrid —‘Hanongzaqie No. 3’
    LI Ye, ZHANG Huan-Yu, XIE Li-Bo
    . 2013, 1(16): 102.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    ‘Hanongzaqie No. 3’is an eggplant F1 hybrid developed by crossing 12024-1-1 as
    female parent，and T150 as male parent．The plant has strong growth vigor with green leaves and purple
    stem. Its fruit is of long clavate shape，22.5-25.0 cm in length and 4.0-4.5 cm in diameter. Its peel is
    black with green ring．Its flesh is white and delicate. The single plant can bear 10-12 fruits. The single
    fruit weight is 130-150 g．Its growing period is 105-110 days．It has stronger resistance to verticillium wilt
    nd low light than the contrast‘Qizaqie No. 2’．It is yield about 60 t·hm-2．It can be cultivated in
    various areas suitable for planting long purple eggplant.
  • A Fruit Radish F1 Hybrid —‘Qingcui 50’
    ZHANG Meng-Jun, LI Yong-Yi, HUO Zhen-Guo, WEI Tong-Ke
    . 2013, 1(16): 104.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    ‘Qingcui 50’ is a fruity radish F1 hybrid developed by crossing 3 lines. The female
    parent 6A is a male-sterile line，the No.1 male parent is a different maintainer line DR9321，and the
    No.2 male parent is a inbred line W532．It can be harvested in 50-55 days after sowing. The plant
    grows vigorously．The root is of long cylinder-shape，about 22.4 cm in length，5.8 cm in diameter．
    Its exodermis is green with good gloss and commodity. Its flesh is light green，tastes sweet and crispy，
    and is of high quality．The single root weight is 460 g．It has no virus disease and black rot occured in
    field．Its average yield is about 45 t·hm-2．It is suitable to be cultivated in autumn in open field and
    in late autumn in plastic tents，greenhouse all over China. It has been extended to Beijing，Hebei，
    Henan，Shandong，Shanxi and Shaanxi，etc. provinces．The accumulated extension areas are about
    750 hm2.
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