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15 November 2013, Volume 1 Issue 22
    

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  • Research Progress on Epigenetic Regulation of Flowering Repressor FLC
    XIAO Xu-Feng, FAN Shu-Ying
    . 2013, 1(22): 1-8.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
            FLOWERING LOCUS C（FLC）is a key deciding factor in regulating plant bolting and flowering network．Along with the development of epigenetics，scientists found that histone modification and other epigenetic regulation of FLC expression played very important role in regulating plant bolting and flowering．Chromatin covalent modification included acetylation and methylation of lysine and arginine．The recent characterization of FLC repressors and activators has shown that some of these regulatory proteins are involved in the covalent modification of FLC chromatin and controlling the flowering time．This paper reviewed the present internal and external status on studying the regulating gene FLC for plant bolting and flowering，and epigenetic regulation and its expression．The paper also provided direction and focus for future studies according the prob lems existing in present research．
  • Research Progress on Pepper Somatic Embryogenesis in vitro Culture
    ZANG Shun, CHEN Qi-Wu
    . 2013, 1(22): 9-14.
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             Application of plant in vitro tissue culture and genetic transformation technology can improve plant characteristics，help breeding new varieties and overcome barriers for gene exchange between species．And this kind of characteristics improvement has good pertinence and clear objective，thus having higher value both for research and application．This paper presents the research progress on pepper（Capsicum annuum L.） nutritive organs and zygotic embryo explants in vitro culture．It also discusses about the species of explants，basal media，plant growth regulators and other added substance，culture condition，pretreatments，and the effect of exogenous genes on somatic embryo．Moreover，the paper carries out prospection for future research activity．
  • Measurement of Tuber Crop’s Production Cycle Fluctuation in China and Its Influencing Factors
    LIU He-Guang, XIE Si-Na
    . 2013, 1(22): 15-19.
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             Periods of fluctuation in tuber crop’s production are measured and analyzed in this paper，using H-P Filtering Method．The results indicate that there are 14 fluctuation phases，and the average fluctuation period length is 4 years．It is found out that fluctuation in sowing area has bigger impact on yield than fluctuation per unit area yield，and external shocks including diseases and insect pest’s damage have more significant impact on fluctuations of tuber crop’s production．
  • Salt Tolerance Indexes Screening of Different Cucumber Cultivars at Seedling Stage and Construction of Its Evaluation System
    MEN Li-Zhi, WANG Yi, CAO Yun-E, CHEN Qing-Yun, TIAN Yong-Qiang, GAO Li-Hong
    . 2013, 1(22): 20-26.
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              This study was conducted to compare differences in salt tolerance of different cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）cultivars and to construct the measuring system for evaluating identification indexes of salt tolerance in cucumber seedlings．Cucumber seedlings were allowed to grow in substrate
    prepared from a mixture of sand and perlite，and then hydrated with half-strength Horticulture nutrient solutions containing different salt concentrations．Cluster analysis was performed to explore the possible similarities in salt-tolerance of 15 tested cucumber cultivars，using data of the leaf salt injury
    index．Furthermore，principal components analysis was adopted to measure the proportion taken by each growth-or biomass-index in the salt tolerance evaluation system．The results showed that root dry weight，strong seedling index and the root/shoot ratio could well reflect the cucumber seedlings’response to salt stress，which could also be taken as index for evaluating cucumber seedlings’salt tolerance.Based on this result，cucumber cultivars were separated into 5 groups，i.e.，cucumber cultivars highly resistant to salt-stress（i.e‘Lyuguan No. 1’and‘Ningxingoumeishuiguohuanggua’），cucumber cultivars resistant to salt-stress（i.e.‘Zhongnong No. 12’，‘Zhongke 958’，'Helanminihuanggua’，‘Zhongnong No. 21’and‘ Zhongnong No. 16’），cucumber cultivars relatively sensitive to salt-stress（i.e.‘Jinyou No. 1’，‘Yousheng’and‘Zhongnong No. 8’），cucumber cultivars sensitive to salt-stress（i.e.‘ Jingpengmici’and‘Xin No. 4’）and cucumber cultivars highly sensitive to salt-stress（i.e.‘Chunpeng No. 5’，‘Lyuyou’and‘Zhongnongda No. 41’）．
  • Evaluation of Fruit Surface Glossiness in Cucumber Germplasm
    ZHOU Bing-Yu, QIN Zhi-Wei, ZHOU Xiu-Yan, XIN Ming
    . 2013, 1(22): 27-31.
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             In this study，mature fruit surface glossiness of 76 accessions of different ecological types of cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）were tested by glossmeter（HYD-09）．The results showed that there were obvious differences in fruit surface glossness between varieties and types of cucumber germplasm．The changing amplitude was ranged from 1.32-4.92 Gs．Three accessions of germplasm with glossy pericarp were screened out．Their gloss value were over 4.60 Gs．And 9 germplasm with gloomy pericarp and gloss value below 1.60 Gs were selected．
  • Effect of Temperature on Endogenous Hormones Contents during Parthenocarpic Eggplant Ovary（Fruit）Development
    LI Yan-Wei, LIU Fu-Zhong, CHEN Yu-Hui, ZHANG Ying, ZHANG Wei-Wei, LIAN Yong
    . 2013, 1(22): 32-38.
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    In order to investigate the effects of natural low temperature on 4 kinds of endogenous hormones（IAA，GA4，ZR，ABA）contents during parthenocarpic eggplant（Solanum melongena L.）ovary（fruit）development，and the relationship between endogenous hormones and eggplant fruit development，the parthenocarpic line D-10，D-21 and non-parthenocarpic line 03-2 were examined at different temperature conditions．The results showed that the changing trend of IAA，ZR and ABA contents during fruit development were similar among different temperature conditions．IAA，ZR and ABA contents were higher in the early stage of fruit development than that in the later stage of fruit development．Low temperature could significantly decrease IAA content at later stage of fruit development．But its effect on the IAA content at early stage of fruit development was varied with different genotypes．Low temperature could significantly decrease IAA content of non-parthenocarpic line 03-2 at the early flowering stage，which indicated that low temperature went against IAA synthesis of non-parthenocarpic line 03-2．No evident regularity was found in the effect of temperature on GA4 contents in fruit development of different genotypes．The effects of temperature on ZR and ABA contents were occurred at early stage of fruit development．In the flowering stage，when the daily minimum temperature was 14.3 ℃，ZR synthesis was blocked，whereas ABA content was increased significantly．Higher IAA and ABA levels at early stage of fruit development were beneficial to eggplant fruit development and parthenocarpy．However，GA4 and ZR may have no relation to eggplant parthenocarpy．
  • Effects of Exogenous Sucrose on Growth and Quality of Lettuce under NO3- Stress
    CHANG Li-Li, SONG Shi-Wei, CHEN Ri-Yuan, LIU Hou-Cheng, SUN Guang-Wen
    . 2013, 1(22): 39-43.
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    Taking conventional nutrient solution（7.5 mmol·L-1 NO3-）and foliar spraying water as CK，the influence of exogenous sucrose on the growth and quality of lettuce cultivated in nutrient solution under 75 mmol·L-1 NO3- stress was investigated by spraying sucrose of 0 mmol·L-1（T1），1 mmol·L-1（T2），5 mmol·L-1（T3）at the leaf surfaces．The results showed that the growth of lettuce（Lactuca sativa L.）was significantly restrained by T1 treatment and the VC content was significantly reduced．Exogenous sucrose treatment could alleviate the suppression of NO3- stress to the growth of lettuce and increase its VC content，and at the same time slightly reduce the nitrate content．Of all the 3 treatments，T2 had better result．Compared with the CK，T2 and T3 all could reduce the soluble protein contents in lettuce leaf，and T3 could increase the soluble suger content，but the difference was not significant．
  • Effect of Grafting on Fruit Appearance Quality and Flavor Substances in Cucumber
    DONG Shao-Yun, CAO Li, ZHANG Sheng-Ping, WANG Guo-Dong, MIAO Han, XIE Bing-Yan, WANG Ye-　
    . 2013, 1(22): 44-51.
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    In order to study the effect of different grafting methods on gloss，wax powder content of cucumber skin，fruit taste，and the content of volatile metabolic substance，we select cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.）scion（9110Gt，1101，1116，02484，081006） to be grafted on the stock of ‘Cucurbita ficifolia’ and‘ Huofenghuang’，respectively．The results indicated that the effect of cucurbita ficifolia stock on gloss of cucumber fruit skin is not obviously，but can increase wax powder content slightly．While‘Huofenghuang’can increase gloss level and decrease wax powder content remark ably．The effect of cucumber stocks on gloss of fruit skin，wax powder content，fruit taste is not obviously，but the effect is not heritable．In general，different scion/stock combination has different effects on cucumber fruit taste．Both‘Cucurbita ficifolia’and‘Huofenghuang’can bring down fruit taste．The variety and content of volatile metabolic substances are different in different cucumber varieties．‘Cucurbita ficifolia’and‘Huofenghuang’can affect the content of volatile metabolic substance in fruit capsule of cucumber 9110Gt and 1116 by different degree，and the affecting ways and degrees are also different according to scion/stock combinations．
  • Effects of Vermicompost Derived from Chicken-Cow Mixed Manure on Cucumber Seedling Growth Culture and Yield
    LI Ji-Rui, SHI Qing-Hua, WANG Xiu-Feng, WEI Min, AI Xi-Zhen, LIU Chang-Shuo, YANG Feng-Juan
    . 2013, 1(22): 52-58.
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    The effects of vermicompost derived from chicken-cow mixed manu re in different volume ratios on seedling growth and yield of cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）were studied．The results showed that compare to peat，peat added to nutrient liquid，vermicompost derived from chicken-cow mixed manure could obviously improve plant height，stem diameter，leaf area，fresh weigh and dry weight of plant，net photosynthetic rate，root vigor，seedling index，etc.．Vermicompost derived from chicken-cow mixed manure could obviously improve yield at earlier stage，but decrease yield at later stage．In general，the yield had shown an increasing tendency．The best effect was observed in the chicken-cow mixed manure of 1∶8 volume ratio．
  • Effect of Different Fertilization Modes on Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Content and Characterization of Nutrition Uptake in Crop
    LI Shun-Jiang, SHAN Nan, DU Lian-Feng, AN Zhi-Zhuang, ZHANG Lin-Wu, ZHAO Tong-Ke
    . 2013, 1(22): 59-63.
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    A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilization modes on soil nitrogen，phosphorus content and characteristic uptake of the Chinese cabbage〔Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis（Lour）Olsson〕．The result indicate that long-term and excessive fertilization could result enriched of total nitrogen（TN）in top soil，and the TN content in top soil was higher than that in 3 years ago．These also can raise the risk of the nitrogen leaching to the deep soil．Even the excessive fertilization could not increase the nitrogen uptake of the Chinese cabbage effectively．The available phosphorus content in top soil would decrease with the increasing chemical fertilizer．In the organic fertilizer treatments，phosphorus uptake of Chinese cabbage was higher than that in other treatments．The yield of Chinese cabbage was the highest in the organic-chemical fertilizer treatment，it even higher than that in excessive fertilizer treatment．So reduced nitrogen input，controlled the phosphorus input， and reasonable supplement apply by organic-chemical fertilizer would be one of the effective way for improving the fertilizer utilization ratio and the yield and quality of the crop.
  • Physical，Chemical and Biological Characteristics Analysis of Rhizosphere Soils between Infected Plants of Tomato Bacterial Wilt and Non-infected Plants
    YANG Shang-Dong, WU Jun, ZHAO Jiu-Cheng, GUO Yi-Juan, LONG Ming-Hua
    . 2013, 1(22): 64-69.
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    A comparative study was conducted to analyze the physical，chemical and biological characteristics of rhizosphere soils between infected plants of tomato（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）bacterial wilt and non-infected plants．The results showed that the soil pH and organic matter（OM），total nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium contents，and alkaline nitrogen，rapid available phosphorus and potassium contents，etc．abiotic factors in rhizosphere soils of infected plants showed a downward trend，especially the dropping tendency in contents of alkaline nitrogen，rapid available phosphorus and potassium were significantly．In addition，the numbers of culturable bacteria and actinnomycetes were significantly decreased in rhizosphere soil of bacterial wilt infected plants，while the numbers of culturable fungi were very significantly increased．Meanwhile， the activities of β-Glucosidase，Phosphatase and Protease，biomass C and N were all significantly dec reased．
  • Composition and Distribution of Phytophthora infestans Race Collected from Main Potato Production Areas in Gansu Province
    WANG Li, HUI Na-Na, LI Jian-Jun, MA Yong-Qiang, ZHOU Tian-Wang, LI Ji-Ping, ZHU Xiao-Qiong
    . 2013, 1(22): 70-74.
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    This study used international differential host containing sing le dominant resistance gene to determine race of 75 isolates of Phytophthora infestans from different eco-regions of potato production in Gansu Province．And 45 races were determined，among which race 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11 occurred with the highest frequency，and accounting for 22.67% of the determined isolates．They were the dominant races in Gansu Province．Among the tested strains，the frequency of isolates，which could overcome R4，R8 and R11 genes was over 80%．The strains，that could overcome R8 gene，could be founded in all collection places．
  • Determination of Plutella xylostella（L.）Resistance to Nine Insecticides in Central China
    XIA Yao-Min, LU Yan-Hui, ZHU Xun, SHEN Jun, YOU Hong, LI Jian-Hong
    . 2013, 1(22): 75-80.
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    Five field populations of diamondback moth，Plutella xylostella，including Luoyang in Henan Province，Yueyang in Hunan Province，and Wuxue，Yunmeng and Yichang in Hubei Province，were collected from the central China．P. xylostella populations had resistance to 9 insecticides as 2% abamectin EC，16 000 IU·mg-1 Bt WG-001 WP，20% beta-cypermethrin EC，5% chlorantraniliprole EC，2.5% spinosad SC，10% chlorfenapyr EC，5% chlorfluazuron EC，20% diafenthiuron EC，5% indoxacarb EC．The bioassay results indicated that 5 populations exhibited high to extreme high level of resistance to abamectin，Bt，beta-cypermethrin，with the resistance ratio 44.5-92.0 fold，66.5-202.1 fold，and 76.2-146.4 fold，respectively．Moderate to high level of resistance to chlorfluazuron was found with the ratio 32.5-82.5 fold．As to spinosad，chlorantraniliprole，chlorfenapyr，indoxcarb，moderate and low resistance levels were proved with the ratio 6.5-19.4 fold，3.1-23.1 fold，2.6-22.3 fold，and 7.1-26.3 fold．The resistance ratio to diafenthiuron was ranged from 2.3-7.7 fold，showing sensitive or low resistance．Therefore，attention should be paid to insecticides rotation application between
    chlorantraniliprole，chlorfenapyr，diafenthiuron which were more sensitive and spinosad，indoxacarb，chlorfluazuron in central China， so as to delay the generation and development of insecticide resistance and achieve better control effect．
  • Application of Packchoi Variety Resource Database System
    SONG Yun-Qiong, WU Jia-Hui, PAN Jing-Xian
    . 2013, 1(22): 81-87.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    On the basis of thorough investigation and literature review，we collected and collated the information about packchoi〔Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis（L.）Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee〕germplasm resources．The database of packchoi variety resources was established by using database，network technology，and Visual Studio 2010 and SQL Server 2005 as development tool and VB as programming language．This database has included 600 varieties of packchoi at home an d abroad．It has the functions of information browsing for pictures and literatures about packchoi，and diversification querying in website reception desk，and also variety and us er management in website backstage．
  • Water Utilization Efficiency Investigation of Vegetables Cultured under Different Planting Pattern in Solar Greenhouse in Turpan City
    ZHANG Juan, LI Jun-Ling, YAN Yan, HE Chao-Xing, YU Xian-Chang, LI Yan-Su
    . 2013, 1(22): 88-91.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To elucidate the rational irrigation method for high water use efficiency in solar greenhouse in Turpan，the effect of furrow and drip irrigation methods on the yield，income and water use efficiency of hami melon，cucumber，hot pepper and tomato cultured in solar greenhouse in Turpan in early spring were investigated．The results showed that in Tu rpan，the yield of hami melon under drip irrigation was higher than that under furrow irrigation by 1.5 t·hm-2．So the net income of hami melon under drip irrigation was higher than that under furrow irrigat ion by about 15 264 yuan ·hm-2．The yield and net income of cucumber，hot pepper and tomato under drip irrigation were slightly lower than those under furrow irrigation．However，the water use efficiency and economic efficiency of water use of all 4 kinds of vegetables under drip irrigation are higher than those of furrow irrigation by 1-3 folds．So drip irrigation should be promoted as key irrigation method in vegetable production in solar greenhouse in Turpan．
  • Greenhouse Production Mode in Wuwei City，Gansu Province and Its Benefits Investigation and Analysis
    CHEN Qi-Bing, WANG Cheng-Lan, HU Min, SUN You-Xin
    . 2013, 1(22): 92-95.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In 2012，investigation was conducted on farmer’s solar greenhouse cultivation modes and their benefits in 498 households，43 villages，25 townships of Wuwei City，Gansu Province．The results showed that crops cultivated in greenhouse of Wuwei City were mainly cucumber，tomato，pepper and other fruits and vegetables．The main cultivation rotation model was one year one crop and the next mode was two crops a year．Production costs including plastic film，straw，seedling，fertilizer accounted for about 82.4% of the total cost．Input-output rate and the average single water benefits of both one year one crop and two crops a year rotations were higher．The main limiting factor of perennial cultivation was low yield．Therefore，considering the input-output rate and local water resource situation，we suggest to develop the mode with more crops cultivation per year in the central area of Wuwei City，and perennial cultivation mode in the townships in cool irrigation area and Eyinshan district with altitude above 1 500 m．
  • A New Pakchoi F1 Hybrid —‘Jingguan No. 3’
    ZHAO Xiu-Yun, ZHANG Feng-Lan, XU Jia-Bing, YU Yang-Jun, ZHANG De-Shuang, YU Shuan-Cang, LU Gui-Xiang, WANG Wei-Hong
    . 2013, 1(22): 96-97.
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    ‘Jingguan No. 3’is a new pakchoi F1 hybrid developed by crossing 2 self-incompatible lines Y284 and Y231．Its leaves are green．The plant type is semi erect．It grows rapidly with vase shape．The petiole is green and good commercial appearance，4.7 cm in width and 1.1 cm in thickness．The average single plant weight is 0.28 kg and its yield is 37.5-45.0 t·hm-2．It is highly resistant to TuMV and downy mildew and resistant to black spot．It is suitabl e for summer and autumn cultivation．
  • A New Cucumber F1 Hybrid —‘Jiyou No. 14’
    YU Ying-Jun, SUN Han-You, LIU Rui-Wei, WANG Hong-Dui, GAO Fa-Zhen, LI Yu-Chun
    . 2013, 1(22): 98-100.
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    ‘Jiyou No.14’is a new cucumber F1 hybrid developed by crossing excellent inbred lines 05042 as female parent and 98011 as male parent．The plant grows vigorously．Its leaf blade is of medium size and dark green in color．Its fruit is straight and 30-35 cm in length and 200 g in weight．Its rind is dark green with shinny color．The papilloma is of medium size with densely white thorn．The first female flower appears at the second to third node．The female node rate is about 75%．It is resistant to downy mildew，powdery mildew and Fusarium wilt．Its total yield is 112.5 t·hm-2 in solar greenhouse in spring cultivation and in the preceeding period the yield is about 43.5 t·hm-2．It is suitable to be planted in solar greenhouse in early spring．
  • A New Pumpkin F1 Hybrid—‘Yichuanling No. 4’
    LIU Zhi-Hua, KUANG Bi-Feng, XIANG Zhuo-Ying, CHEN Zu-Hua, LI Jian-Sheng, LIU Jian-Mei, SUN Xiao-Hui
    . 2013, 1(22): 101-103.
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    ‘Yichuanling No. 4’is a new F1 hybrid developed by crossing Q1 as female parent and G19 as male parent through artificial hybridization and multi-point verification method．It is of early maturity and delicate food type．The plant possesses many sprawls，and exhibits moderate growth potential．The first female flower locates at the 8-10 th node of the main stem．The single plant can bear 2-3 melons．The tender melon is of round shape and is light green in color．Its single fruit weight is 0.4-0.5 kg with 8.1 cm in length and 9.0 cm in diameter．The fruit texture is fresh and tender with good quality．It can yield about 11.25 t·hm-2 at the earlier stage，and the total yield is 24.0 t·hm-2．It is suitable for large scale cultivation in Hunan，Hubei，Sichuan Provinces an d Chongqing Municipality．
  • A New Bitter Gourd F1 Hybrid —‘Ruyu No. 45’
    WU Shui-Jin, ZHANG Yu-Can, LAI Zheng-Feng, ZHANG Shao-Ping, LI Yue-Sen, LI Zu-Liang, ZHANG Wei-Guang
    . 2013, 1(22): 104-106.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The bitter gourd F1 hybrid‘Ruyu No. 45’is a medium maturing bred by crossing BAL-22-31 as female parent and Shankugua-45 as male parent．The plant grows vigorously．The first female flower sets on around the 17th node．Both of its main and side vines can bear fruit．The commercial product is about 6 cm in length，and 3 cm in diameter．The single fruit weight is about 40 g and the matured fruit is about 200 g．Its fruit shape is pointed in two ends with olive shape and melon rind is dark green in color with pointed longitudinal lump．Its succulent is crispy with bitter heavier．But the aftertaste is sweet．The content of total saponin is high．It is highly resistant to Fusarium wilt and powdery mildew．It can yield about 63.0 t·hm-2．Its harvesting time can last 6 months or so．It is suitable for cultivation in the south of Fuzhou，Longyan，Zhangzhou，Quanzh ou and Xiamen．
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