01 April 2014, Volume 1 Issue 4

    

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  Research Progress on Effects of Heavy Metal on Vegetable Production and Measures for Releasing Heavy Metal Stress

  Han-Cheng-Hua, JIANG Jie-Zeng

  . 2014, 1(4): 7.

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  Heavy metals can affect vegetable growth and development，lead to decline of vegetable yield and quality，and finally，affect human health．This paper analyzed the effects of heavy metal on vegetable growth， physiological and biochemical activities from the respects of water metabolism，photosynthesis，respiration，anti-oxidase activity，ascorbic acid，glutathione，phytochelatins and other mineral elements absorption．The
  paper also expounded the accumulation mechanism of heavy metals in different vegetable crops，varieties and vegetable organs，and summarized effective measures to alleviate soil heavy metal pollution．Besides，the paper suggested to carry out the following studies on： heavy metal accumulation differences in different vegetable varieties and species，screen and selection of vegetable species and varieties with low level heavy metal accumulation，
  development of effective measures to relieve soil heavy metal pollution，so as to ensure safe vegetable production.
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  Heavy Metal Detection and Analysis of Influence Factors in Main Taro ProductionAreas of Shandong Province

  ZOU Ri, GAO 苹, BAI Xin-Fu, LI Xi-Xiang, LIU Zhong-Xiao, ZHANG Su-Jun, WANG Jian-Ren, SHEN Di

  . 2014, 1(4): 14.

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  In this study，sampling test of heavy metals of tuber〔Colocasia esculenta（L.）Schott〕，soil and water were performed in main production areas of Shandong Province．The results indicated that As，Hg and Pb contents of 83 tuber samples did not exceed the maximum limits of GB 18406.1—2001．Cd content of 33 samples with relatively even distribution exceeded the limit of 0.05 mg·kg-1 by a very small amount．The highest value of Cd content was 0.36 mg·kg-1．According to GB/T 18407.1—2001，the As，Hg，Pb content of 83 soil samples did not exceed the maximum limits，while the Cd content of 6 soil samples exceeded the limit of 0.3 mg·kg-1（pH ＜ 7.5）with highest value 0.944 mg·kg-1．Four heavy metal contents of 31 water samples did not exceed the maximum limits．It referred that taro production areas in Shandong Province were not polluted by the above mentioned 4 heavy metals．Further analysis revealed that the Pb and Cd contents of tubers were very significantly or significantly correlated with the Pb and Cd contents of soil，indicating that Pb and Cd in tubers  mainly come from soil．The Cd content of tubers had a very significant negative correlation with pH value of soil，
  and the Cd，As and Pb contents in soil were very significantly or significantly correlated with the organic substance  content，which indicating that pH value and organic matter contents were the main factors influencing heavy metal  accumulation．The usage of agricultural medicine and fertilizers might cause Cd accumulation in some areas of Shandong Province．
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  Identification and Analysis of Mutant Phenotype Tomato Inbred Line TTD302AInduced with EMS

  YANG Jian-Hua, CUI Xia, CHANG Pei-Pei, LI Cui, LI Yun-Zhou, LIANG Yan

  . 2014, 1(4): 21.

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  To create new tomato（Solanum lycopersicum L.）germplasm applied both to genetic modified breeding and functional genomics research on tomato，this study treated the seeds of TTD302A with 0.7% EMS for 8 h，then washed them by flowing water. M2 seeds were harvested from each plant independently in M1 generation. Afterwards，the agronomic traits and biological characters of each plant were both investigated and recorded in M2
  generation at seedling stage，flowering fruit period and mature period，respectively. The leaves DNA of all mutation plants were extracted，of which 15 materials expressing typical variation characteristics were selected for SSR molecular marker detection. Finally we harvested M3 seeds from single plant expressing character mutation separately. Through observation on M2 group characters，we found 373 mutant characters and 297 mutant plants in total. The rate of all M2 phenotype mutation added up to 7.1%. It could be found that the mutation population contained abundant mutation types appearing in leaf，floral organ，fruit and plant. Their mutation rates were 1.5%，2.8%，1.3%，2.4%，respectively. The results of SSR analysis indicated that 9 materials had mutation in DNA level.
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  Studies on Tetraploid Induction of Garlic Bud by Colchicine Injection

  XUE Xiao-Yan, LIU Shi-Qi, GUO Hui-Ping, SUN Ya-Li, YU Xin-Hui, LIAN Hai-Feng

  . 2014, 1(4): 29.

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  In order to acquire tetraploid garlic（Allium sativum L.），diploid garlic buds were injected with 0.05%，0.10%，0.15% and 0.20% colchicine，respectively．Then the aerial bulbils in garlic buds were cultured in MS medium combined by different growth regulators．After a regeneration system was constructed，polyploid appraisal was conducted on the root tip．The result indicated that more aerial bulbils were able to germinate on
  the MS basic culture medium adding 0.05 mg·L-1 NAA and 2.0 mg·L-1 KT．The aerial bulbils with 4-5 mm diameter had the highest germination rate．The germination rate of‘ Cangshancaosuan’ bulbils was higher than that of‘ Jinsuan No.3’．When the garlic buds were injected with colchicines，the mortality of‘ Jinsuan No.3’ bud was much higher than that of‘ Cangshancaosuan’．The number and size of the formed aerial bulbils were
  decreased and the rate of doubled chromosome was increased along with the increase of colchicine concentration．The highest doubling rate of‘ Cangshancaosuan’ was obtained by the treatment of injecting the buds with colchicine concentration at 0.20%，and its induction rate was 7.69%．The highest doubling rate of‘ Jinsuan No.3’ was obtained by injecting the buds with colchicine concentration at 0.15%，then its induction rate could reach the
  highest - 11.76%．
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  Inhibition Spectrum Determination of Aspergillus flavipes ASD Strains and Primary Studies on Its Antibacterial Substance

  XIE Xiao-Ping, LIU Chang-Yuan, ZHAO Kui-Hua, WANG Hui, GUAN Tian-Shu, LIANG Chun-Hao, JIA Shu, ZHANG Li

  . 2014, 1(4): 34.

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  The inhibition spectram of Aspergillus flavipes ASD strains was measured by plate confrontation  test. The results showed that ASD strains had a wide-range inhibition. It had better inhibitory effect on Phytophthora  capsici and Phytophthora infestans. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of broth of ASD strains  was pretty good on Phytophthora capsici. Its inhibitory diameter was 7.4 mm. After 50%（NH4）2SO4 saturation  precipitation of broth of ASD strains and dialysis，the antibacterial substance was obtained which showed the  best inhibitory effect on Phytophthora capsici. The inhibition effect could reach 80.78%，and moreover the  antibacterial substance was albuminoidal substances.
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  Effects of Different Stocks and Matching Cultivation Technology on Watermelon  Yield and Quality under Plastic Tunnel

  SUN Xing-Xiang, LIN Hong-Mei

  . 2014, 1(4): 37.

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  Adopting‘ Zaojia’— a main watermelon variety in local plastic tunnel as scion，this study selected 10 stock varieties to screen suitable stock. At the same time，experiments on cultivation density，training type， nitrogen fertilizer application amount，etc. matching cultivation technology were carried out.‘ Jingxinzhen No.1’，‘Jingxinzhen No.2’，‘Jingxinzhenguan’，‘Yongzhen No.3’，‘Huluzhen G1’，all together 5 stock varieties were selected to be suitable for the coastal regions to conduct grafting. The appropriate density for 2 stems training is 10 500 plants· hm-2，for 3 stems training is 7 500 plants· hm^-2，and the appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application amount is 225 kg· hm^-2.
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  Analysis of Influencing Factors on the Formation of Main Vegetable Production Areas in Beijing

  ZHONG Guo-Nong-Ye-Da-Xue-URP Yan-Jiu-Xiao-Zu, ZHAO Xia, MU Yue-Ying

  . 2014, 1(4): 41.

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  Based on the data collected from the survey of 2 main vegetable production areas of Beijing - Shunyi and Daxin including 19 administrative villages，197 rural households，the paper used the methods of descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression model and investigated the effect of the following factors：individual characteristics of farmers，family input，natural condition，technical condition，traffic condition， industrialization operating condition，knowledge spreading situation and government supporting policy，etc．on the formation of main vegetable production areas in Beijing．The result of empirical analysis indicated that the famers’ age，education level，greenhouse owning rate，labor input level，growing vegetable funding input
  level，land resources，industrialization operation model and knowledge spreading situation，etc．are the major factors influencing the formation of main vegetable production areas in Beijing．According to the results of empirical analysis，the paper puts forward some corresponding policy suggestions.
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  A New Autumn Winter Radish Variety—‘Qinluo No.1’

  ZHAO Li-Min, ZHANG Bing-Kui, CHENG Yong-An, ZHANG 恩Hui

  . 2014, 1(4): 47.

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  Abstract：‘Qinluo No.1’ is a F1 hybrid of autumn and winter radish developed by crossing 2 selfincompatibility lines LS6-8 and LS32-12．Its growth period is 76-80 days.The foliage is half-erect and the leaves are pinnatifid．Its fleshy root is of cylindrical shape，25-30 cm in length and 7 cm in diameter with blue green and smooth peel．Its flesh is jade green in color with dense succulent．It has less fibrous and ambiguation root．The  single root weight is 800-1 200 g，and the average yield is about 79.5 t·hm-2. Its resistance to virus disease，black rot and downy mildew is stronger than that of the contrasts‘Qingfengdong’ and‘ Yuluobo No.1’．It is suitable for cultivation in Shaanxi ，Shanxi，Ningxia and Gansu.
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  A New Potato Variety —‘Nongtian No.2’

  吕Tai , ZHANG Jun-Lian, HE 二Liang, GUO Tian-Shun, WANG Peng, XIE Wei-Qing, LI Fang-Di, QI Xiao-Dong

  . 2014, 1(4): 49.

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  ‘Nongtian No.2’ is a new potato variety developed by crossing Tian99-5-4 as female parent with‘Tianshu No.7 ’as male parent．It is of late maturity．Its total growing period is about 121 days ．Its tuber is of  round shape with light yellow skin，yellow flesh and shallow eyes．It produces 3.7 tubers per hill．Its marketable  tuber weight percentage reaches 90.5%．It can yield about 22.5 t·hm-2．It is suitable to be planted in Tianshui，Linxia，Dingxi，Pingliang and Longnan of Gansu Province.
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  A New Wrinkled Luffa Variety —‘ Zaozhou No.2’

  LIU Zhi-Hua, KUANG Bi-Feng, CHEN Zu-Hua, XIANG Zhuo-Ying, LI Jian-Sheng, LIU Jian-Mei, SUN Xiao-Hui

  . 2014, 1(4): 52.

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  ‘ Zaozhou No.2’ is a luffa F1 hybrid taking D02 as female parent and P02 as male parent. It is of  early muturity and has strong growth vigor. The first female flower in early spring cultivation is located at the 4th - 8th joint of the main stem. The main branch is bearing luffa. It takes 55 to 60 days from sowing to first harvest. The fruit is of rod shape and its longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter are 35-40 cm and 5-6 cm，respectively.
   The single fruit weight is 0.5-0.6 kg. The rind color is light green with dense transverse wrinkles，and the fruit top is round and flat. Its fruit has good flesh texture and is of high quality. It is resistant to powdery mildew and blight. The yield of early period is 16.5 t·hm-2 and the total yield is 45 t·hm-2. It is suitable for large scale cultivation in Chongqing，and Provinces of Hunan，Sichuan and Hubei.
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  A New Pink Tomato Variety—‘Fenlisha’

  WEI Jia-Peng, SANG Yi-Zhen, LI Xiao-Ling

  . 2014, 1(4): 55.

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  ‘Fenlisha’ is a new pink tomato F1 hybrid with middle maturity．It is of indeterminate growth  type．The plant grows vigorously and has dark green leaves and stocky stem．The first inflorescence is situated  between the 9th and 10th nodes．The fruit setting capacity is strong．Its matured fruit is pink in color and of flat  round shape．Its fruit has smooth and thick peel．The fruit peel has good hardness．The soluble solid content is  4.55%．The single fruit weight is about 165 g．The average yield can reach 105 t·hm-2．It is tolerant to storage．Its resistance to early blight and virus disease is stronger than that of the contrast‘ Baoguan’．It is suitable for  cultivation in sunlight greenhouse or protected shed in early spring.