ISSN 1000-6346
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
Brassinosteroids，a kind of novel plant endogenous hormone，are universally acknowledged as plant growth regulator with high activity，broad spectrum application，and non-toxic sterols in agricultural production．In recent years，it has been found that brassinosteroids can enhance plant resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses， and promote plant growth and development，thus to further increase crops production.This paper summarizes the research progress made on brassinosteroids mediating vegetable resistance to multiple environmental stresses， including water，temperature，salt，pathogen，and heavy metal stress， etc．The paper also prospected some research directions in the future.
Auxin plays an important role in regulating the process of Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.leaf curl．In order to find out the auxin relevant genes involved in cabbage leaf curling，we analyzed transcriptome of cabbage leaf at rosette and heading stages and identified 6 significantly differentially expressed auxin-related genes，including regulation of homeostasis genes（BoILL6，BoASA1），controlling polar transport genes（BoSF21，BoPIN4）and involving in signal transduction genes（BoARF8，BoGH3.5）．The full-length cDNA sequences of 6 genes were obtained，respectively using homologous clone method．The protein structure prediction revealed that 6 genes contained auxin-related domains．Phylogenetic analysis though MEGA 5.1 comparison displayed that these genes had the closest genetic relationship with correspondence genes of Brassica rapa，and Arabidopsis thaliana followed. The real-time Fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis suggested that the expression level of BoILL6，BoASA1 and BoSF21 showed significantly different trend．The expression level of these 3 genes in leaf during heading stage were 12 folds more than that in the leaf at rosette stage．The trend was consistent with the
results of transcriptome analysis．The up-regulated expression of these 3 genes in the leaf during heading stage maybe lead to enhance the auxin concentration and change the auxin polar contribution in the leaves，and finally lead to format of the leaf curl．
Genetic diversity and relationship between 29 Chinese carrot landraces，40 orange varieties and 1 Turkey purple cultivar were investigated using phenotypic and SSR markers. Phenotypic result showed that diversity index of orange varieties was lower than Chinese landraces except for leaf length，root length and root diameter. Principal component analysis showed that Chinese orange landraces had similar phenotypic variation with orange varieties in the autumn，but different in the spring. 133 polymorphic loci were amplified from 38 pairs of SSR primers. The average number of polymorphic loci of Chinese carrot landraces and orange varieties were 4.2 and 2.9，respectively. PIC value of Chinese carrot landraces（0.74±0.06）was obviously higher than that of orange varieties（0.42±0.03）. All accessions were divided into 2 groups: group I including orange varieties and orange B0241，and group Ⅱ containing other landraces and purple cultivar L1.
Black field soil from northern China was chosen，and cucumber‘Jinyan No.4’ was used as testing material. This pot culture experiment studies the effect of different silicon fertilization patterns such as nonseedling soil plus silicon，seedling soil applying silicon at root or spraying silicon at leaf surface， on soil chemical property and soil enzyme activity. The results showed that non-seedling soil plus silicon could significantly increase soil pH value，EC value， soil urease and inverted activity，decrease the content of available potassium significantly 20 days and 30 days after the treatment， and yet had no effect on the contents of available phosphorus，organic matter and available nitrogen. With seedling soil root-applied silicon could significantly increase soil available phosphorus content， pH value， EC value，soil urease and inverted activity，significantly decrease the contents of soil organic matter and available potassium 20 days and 30 days after the treatment. With seedling soil foliar-applied silicon could significantly increase soil pH value and available phosphorus contents and soil urease activity， reduce soil organic matter content 20 days after the treatment. In summary， different application of silicon in a certain extent can affect the soil chemical property and soil enzyme activity. Root-applied silicon can mostly influence soil chemical property and soil enzyme activity. Soil add silicon treatment can affect soil chemical property and soil enzyme activity. Silicon foliar application has minimal impact on soil chemical property and soil enzyme activity.
Epicuticular waxes of leaves at 4 developing stages in Chinese kale（Brassica alboglabra L. H.Bailey）waxless mutant named‘Zi.zhonghuajielan’and wild type（WT）were observed by scanning electron microscope（SEM）．Meanwhile，crude weight，VC，soluble sugar，crude fiber，protein and anthocyanins were measured. The results showed that epicuticular waxes at 4 growth periods of wild type were apparently higher than those of mutant. Epicuticular waxes at leaf abaxial of mutant and WT were higher than those of leaf adaxial．Epicuticular waxes at leaf abaxial of WT degenerated slowly than those of leaf adaxial. VC in waxless mutant was higher than that of WT，and dry weight of crude weight in waxless mutant was lower than that of WT．Thus，waxless mutant in Chinese kale can supply higher nutrition of VC and anthocyanins．Gene controlled wax biosynthesis in Chinese kale waxless mutant was recessive，while gene or genes controlled anthocyanins biosynthesis were dominant，compared to WT．Furthermore brilliant green，waxless and purple Chinese kale uncooked is more suitable for eating．
Taking tomato variety‘Yingfen No.8’as test material，this paper used peat and vermiculite as mixed matrix to study in tidal irrigation and under intelligent greenhouse condition the effects of nutrient supplying maintaining time and interval time on quality of tomato seedlings raised on trays with central composite rotatable designs of 2 factors．The results showed when tomato grew 5 leaves and 1 heart，with the increase of nutrient supplying time，the seedling dry matter and strong seedling index showed first increasing then declining trend．While along with the interval time extension of nutrient supplying，the seedling dry matter and strong seedling index showed a declining tendency．The optimal nutrient supplying scheme is in 8-18 min of maintaining time and 198-348 min of interval time．Thus the seedling quality could achieve an ideal situation．We believe under the experiment condition，this solution is the best water and fertilizer supplying scheme．
In order to identify the Phytophthora capsici stress induced genes of pepper，a double-hybrid cDNA library of Phytophthora capsici infected pepper leaves was constructed using SMART technology. The results showed that the cDNA library contained 3.6×106 independent clones，and the recombination rate was 88%.Insert fragments ranged from 300 bp to 2 000 bp，and the average length of the library was about 800 bp. These data demonstrate that the library is qualified，and able to provide important genetic resources for molecular breeding.
Gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） were used to determine the residual degradation dynamics and final residues of 6 pesticides（profenofos， fenpropathrin， imidacloprid，acephate，acetamiprid，triadimefon） on chili in open field and greenhouse in North China. The result indicated that the original deposit amounts of 6 pesticides on pepper in greenhouse were 3.13，1.11，1.23，1.29，1.67 and 0.38 mg·kg-1，respectively，which were 74.9%，3.7%，17.1%，27.7%，39.2% and 111.1% respectively higher than in open fields. In greenhouse，one day after spraying the residues were 3.78，1.27，1.88，1.36，2.85 mg·kg-1 and 0.58 mg·kg-1，which were 20.8%，14.4%，52.8%，5.4%，70.7% and 52.6% respectively higher than the original deposit amount in open fields. It turned out that the original deposit amounts of 6 pesticides（profenofos，fenpropathrin， imidacloprid，acephate，acetamiprid，triadimefon） on chili in greenhouse were remarkably higher than the corresponding values in open fields. The residues 1 day after were significantly increased than the original deposit amounts. Acetamiprid and triadimefon were safe on chili in greenhouse，while fenpropathrin was
unsafe. Profenofos，imidacloprid and acephate should be applied strictly according to the security recommended
dose.
‘Jingyulyubao’is a new F1 muskmelon cultivar developed by crossing inbred line 357 as female parent and 397 as male parent．Its fruit is of flat-ovate shape．The single fruit weight is 200-400 g．Its fruit peel is dark green in color with smooth surface．The flesh is light green in color．The soluble solid content is 11%-15%．It is of early maturity and has strong resistance to stress．This cultivar is suitable for greenhouse cultivation，and has been demonstrated and extended by large areas in Beijing，Hebei，Liaoning，Jilin Provinces and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region，etc．
The new mini watermelon Fl hybrid‘Sumi No.8’is developed by crossing SW032 as female parent and SW058-1 as male parent. It is of early maturity. It takes 30 days from pollination to maturity. Its growth vigor is moderate. It is tolerant to low temperature and weak light with high capacity for setting fruits. The fruit is oval. The single fruit weight is 1.8-2.3 kg. The rind is light green，covered with dark green narrow strips.The pericarp thickness is 0.4-0.5 cm. Its flesh is yellow and tastes crispy. The center soluble solid content is 11.0%-12.2%. The fruit is juicy with less fiber and good flavor. It can yield 30.0-37.5 t·hm-2. It is suitable to be cultivated in middle and lower valley of the Yangtze River in spring in plastic tunnel.
‘Xinshengdai No.3’is a new triploid seedless watermelon F1 hybrid developed by crossing tetraploid line‘TS-3’as female parent with diploid line‘Q-7-5’as male parent. It is of mid-maturity. The whole growth period is about 105 days. Its fruit development period is 33-35 days. It grows vigorously. Its leaf blade is of medium size. The plant can set fruit easily. The fruit is round with dark black and shining peel. The average single fruit weight is about 7.0 kg. It can yield about 45 t·hm-2. The flesh is red with fine texture. The fruit is crispy with sweet flavor and good quality. The central soluble solids content is 11.58%. Its peel is 1.2 cm thick. It is tolerant to storage and transportation. This cultivar is suitable for cultivation in all parts of China.
‘Qingnong 55’ is a new crack-tolerant cabbage variety developed by crossing cytoplasmic male sterility（CMS）line A05-1-3-15 as female parent with self-compatible line Heyin-1 as male parent. It is of early maturity. It takes 50-55 days from transplantation to harvest. Its head crack rate is less than 0.5% within 15 days after its maturity. The outer leaves are about 12 pieces and shining green in color. Its head is round and about 16-18 cm in length. The inner leaves are light yellow in color and taste sweet and crispy. Its central axis is extremely short，about 1/2 of the head height. The average single head weight in initial harvest period is about 1.2-1.4 kg.The total yield can reach 67.5 t·hm-2 for open field in autumn and over 75 t·hm-2 for simple plastic tunnels in spring. This variety is resistant to black rot and tolerant to downy mildew. It is suitable to be planted in northern China in spring in protected land and in autumn in open fields.
The new soybean variety‘ Ningdou No. 4’ is developed by crossing‘ Ningzhen No. 3’ as female parent and‘ Sudou No. 8’ as male parent. It belongs to late maturing variety. It takes 95 days from sowing to pod harvest. Its emergence potential is strong and it can grow steadily. Its leaves are of ideal shape，the bottom one is elliptic，central one is long elliptic，and the top one is lanceolate. The leaf color is deep. The plant height is 75.2 cm. There are 13.4 nodes on the main stem，and 3.8 nodes on the branch. The single plant can have 67.2 pods，and the multi pod percentage is 65.9%. The standard pod rate is 312 pod·kg-1. The second seed pod is 5.6 cm in length，1.2 cm in width. One hundred fresh seed weight is over 70 g，and the kernel rate is 53.8%. The yield
of fresh pod is 11.14 t·hm-2，and the yield of fresh seed is 5.6 t·hm-2. The dry seed has oval shape with yellow peel and light hazel navel. The fresh pod is sweet and tender.‘ Ningdou No.4’ has high and stable yield with wide adaptability. It is suitable to be planted in Jiangsu Province and other areas with similar ecological conditions in spring as vegetable soybean.
‘Meiguizihuaqie’ is a new eggplant F1 hybrid bred by crossing inbred line‘ S47A’ as female parent and‘ 9832-1’ as male parent. It is a mid-maturing variety and has strong and even fruit setting ability. Its fruit is of long stick shape，28.8-31.8 cm in length and 4.14-4.36 cm in width. The single fruit weight is 245.0-253.7 g.The pulp is light green in color with compact texture，delicate taste，and special flavor. It has superior commercial character and high commercial value. It can yield about 75 t·hm-2. It is medium resistant to bacterial wilt，strong tolerant to shade，low temperature，water logging and drought. It is suitable to be planted in open fields in south and central China regions.
‘Yichuanling No.5’ is a new F1 hybrid tender pumpkin that developed by crossing male parent S8 with female parent L10. The plants prostrate，moderate growth potential，resistant to how temperatures，early maturity，it’s stable to set melon in its main vine in the early and its first female flower may happen at section 7-9，it can sit 2-3 melons per plant. The melon shaped ovoid with longitudinal diameter 13.42 cm and diameter 9.41 cm，fresh，tender and denser，good quality.Green peel with light stripes. Single fruit weighs 0.60 kg with a yield of 10.5-18.0 t·hm-2 in the early and 28.5-48.0 t·hm-2 in all. It’s suit to cultivate at Hunan，Sichuan，Chongqing，Yunnan，Hubei，Guangdong，Guangxi and throughout the country.
‘Tianjiao No.13’ is a new hot pepper F1 hybrid developed by crossing 10-37 as female parent and 10-178 as male parent. It is of medium maturity. The plant has medium growth vigor. Its fruit is of sheep-horn shape. The fruit is 17.5 cm in length and 3.2 cm in width. The single fresh fruit weight is about 35.4 g. The immature fruit is green，and ripen one is dark red in color. The clarity of the pigment is 15.8. It is suitable for the extraction of Capsanthin. It can yield about 6 t·hm-2 dry pepper，which is about 50% higher than that of‘Meiguohong’.Its resistance to virus disease，phytophthora blight，anthracnose and powdery mildew are stronger than that of the contrast‘ Meiguohong’. It is suitable to be planted in open fields in Gansu Province.
