ISSN 1000-6346
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
Tomato spots wilt virus is a serious disease affecting pepper production in China. It is also a new and high potential threat to pepper production. Using resistant material PI152225 of imported pepper（Capsicum chinense Jack.），this study has conducted backcross via interspecies crossing and molecular markers assisted breeding for 10 years，and successfully introduced the resistant gene Tsw into the inbred line 0516 of sweet pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） with large fruit. The growth vigor and fruit length of this innovated material 0516（Tsw）has surpassed that of the contrast. There were no significant differences in their commodity nature and coordinate ability.
A recombinant inbred lines（RILs）of 125 F2S7 progenies were derived from the cross，a watermelon line‘ Huayuanmuben’ with high sugar content as female parent， and a watermelon line‘ LSW-177’ with low sugar content as male parent. A genetic linkage map was constructed by using cleavage amplified polymorphic sequence（CAPS） markers. The map contained 245 CAPS markers and grouped into 11 linkage groups，spanning a total length of 2 423.9 cM，with an average gap of 9.9 cM between each marker. A quantitative trait locus（QTL） analysis was conducted by using composite interval mapping method（CIM） to locate fruit sugar content locus. A total of 4 QTLs related to soluble solids content were identified，showing 14.80%，11.50%，32.10% and 8.60% phenotypic variances，respectively. 3 QTLs related to fruit fructose content were identified，showing 8.80%，20.50% and 9.50% phenotypic variances，respectively. One QTL related to fruit sucrose and 1 QTL related to glucose content were identified，showing 11.34% and 24.10% phenotypic variances，respectively.These 9 QTLs showed a positive additive effect for sugar content means cultivar‘ Huayuanmuben’ contributed the favorable alleles.
Taking onion T-type cytoplasmic male sterile line‘ 8-43A’，maintainer line‘ 8-43B’and restorer line‘ 8-43-57C ’as material，using firefly luciferase enzyme testing technology，this paper analyzed the changes in ATP contents of buds at different growing stages，and studied the relationships between ATP contents of buds and T-type cytoplasmic male sterility in onion．The results showed that there were no significant differences between the ATP contents of maintainer and restorer lines throughout the entire development process of bud．While，the ATP content of CMS bud was very significantly lower than that of the maintainer and restorer lines，especially at early grain stage，which only took 1% of that in maintainer and restorer lines．ATP content of the CMS line at early grain stage decreased to less than 1/10 of those at tetrad stage，illustrating a large quantity of ATP was consumed after mononuclear stage．And an even important thing was there might be barriers in ATP generation．The ATP content of T-type CMS in onion was very significantly lower than that of the fertile lines might be the reason for male sterility.
In order to establish a technique to control the growth of grafted watermelon seedlings and to cultivate robust grafted watermelon seedlings，this paper took‘ Zaojia 84-24’ watermelon and bottle gourd rootstock‘ Qianggen’ as material，studied the effects of 12 treatments by different concentrations of 4 plant growth retardants as PP333，B9，CCC，Yuhualing No.3 on the biological characters and chlorophyll contents of rootstock and grafted watermelon seedlings； and comprehensively evaluated the effects of spraying plant growth retardant on the quality of rootstock and grafted watermelon seedling by the method of membership function. The results indicated that there were significantly different effects on biological characters of rootstock and grafted watermelon seedlings by different treatments. Using method of membership function，we found seedlings treated with 30 mg·L-1 and 50 mg·L-1 PP333 had higher quality and higher chlorophyll contents in rootstock and grafted watermelon seedlings. This suggested that spraying PP333 at 30 mg·L-1 to 50 mg·L-1 could effectively improve the quality of both rootstock and grafted watermelon seedlings.
Under greenhouse condition，tomato seedlings were inoculated with 2 different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculants，BF（mycorrhiza for plants）and VT（mycorrhiza for vegetables）. The growth，photosynthetic and physiological indexes were investigated. The results showed that both VT and BF could infect tomato roots in different degrees. The infection rates were 78.3% and 66.4%，respectively 35 days after inoculation. The plant height，stem diameter，dry and fresh weights，root system viability，chlorophyll content，photosynthetic rate of tomato seedling inoculated with AMF were all higher than those without inoculation. There were remarkable differences among the tomato seedlings inoculated with VT with the control. Comprehensive analysis indicated that inoculation of VT showed better growth-promotion effect on tomato seedlings.
This experiment took hot chili wastes（HCW）and compost as material to study their effect on disease occurrence of tomato root knot nematodes by acute toxicity test and pot experiment. The results indicated that after adding HCW in the compost，its leach liquor could improve the calibration mortality of root knot nematode from 61.4% to over 90%. And it maintained a strong lethal effect even at a low HCW content level. The pot experiment results showed that adding HCW or the mixture of HCW and compost can reduce the root knot number in tomato by 78.9%，81.8%，respectively； and there were remarkable differences with that of the contrast.But for the number of nematodes in soil，only the treatment with compost alone showed some inhibitory effect.
Five peach aphid（Myzus persicae）populations were collected from vegetable fields in Shouguang，Jinan，Tai’an，Yantai，and Linyi locations of Shandong province to test their sensitiveness to commonly used acetamiprid and imidacloprid．The results indicated that Myzus persicae populations from different locations of Shandong Province had different levels of resistance to acetamiprid and imidacloprid，except population from Yantai was sensitive to Imidacloprid．Compared with the sensitive population，Tai’an population appeared to have the highest LC50 for acetamiprid（451.264 1 mg·L-1）with resistance ratio 23.63 fold．The highest resistance level to imidacloprid was recorded in Linyi，and the LC50 amounted to 317.944 6 mg·L-1 with resistance ratio 14.40．These 2 insecticides had not shown high and higher level drug resistance．In actual peach aphid control，we should pay attention to rotate application of other type insecticides.
The resistance background of 6 strains of Botrytis cinerea isolated from cucumber to 6 different kinds of fungicides were examined by mycelium growth rate method，suggesting that their resistant levels to Boscalid were different. The control efficiency of 50% Boscalid WDG on cucumber gray mould was evaluated through potted experiments combined with field trials. In the potted experiments，the control efficiency of 50% Boscalid WDG on 2 strains of Botrytis cinerea with low resistant level were 53.49% and 53.04%，respectively.And the control efficiency of 50% Boscalid WDG on 3 strains of Botrytis cinerea with high resistant level were 50.16%，51.67%，32.24%，respectively. The results showed that Boscalid activity was heavily influenced by the continuously rising of Botrytis cinerea resistance. In the field trials of 2013 and 2014，the control efficiency of 50% Boscalid WDG，at the dosage of 5 625 g·hm-2，were 94.34%，90.39% respectively. Both 50% Boscalid WDG and 50% Procymidone WP could inhibit Botrytis cinerea effectively at the dosage of 4 500 g·hm-2. In summary，Boscalid could control the gray mould on cucumber effectively.
‘Zhengbai65’ is an early maturing autumn Chinese cabbage F1 hybrid bred by crossing selfincompatible line‘ 06z153-6-2-3’ with‘ EP1-5-2-1’. It takes 57-80 days from sowing to harvest. Its head is of inverted cone shape. The head is 24.1 cm in height and 19.4 cm in diameter. The single net weight is 1.5-2.0 kg，and its edibility rate is 69.8%. Its net yield in open field is 75-87 t·hm-2. It is resistant to virus disease，downy mildew，and black rot. It is suitable for cultivation in Henan，and Beijing，Hebei，Shandong，Liaoning，etc.
‘Ganza No. 8’ is a new cabbage F1 hybrid developed by crossing male sterile line‘ CMS Erwuye’and inbred line‘ Hanjiang jun-2-1-8-99-11’. Its leaf is dark green in color with less wax. The head is compact and of flat round shape，14 cm in length，24 cm in diameter. The single head weight is 1.62 kg. This variety has less coarse fiber，good palatability and high quality. It takes 85-100 days from planting to harvest and has stronger resistance to black rot than‘ Gingfeng No.1’ in field. Its average yield is about 63 t·hm-2. It is suitable for cultivation in autumn，winter and spring in Sichuan Province.
‘Zheyingfen No.1’ is a new cherry tomato F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘ CP28’ as female parent and‘ CP24’ as male parent．It belongs to boundless growth type，with early maturity. Its fruit is of round shape. The matured one is pink in color. The single fruit weight is about 18 g．Its soluble solid content is 9%.It has good quality and taste．It has parthenocarpy ability. It is tolerant to high and low temperature，and resistant to Tomato mosaic virus（TMV）and blight. It can produce about 67.5 t·hm-2.It is suitable for protected field cultivation all over China in spring，autumn and over winter.
‘Shengxi’ is a new cheery tomato F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘ 8-322311’ as female parent and‘ bf-231453’ as male parent. The variety belongs to unlimited growth type. The plant have an ordinary leaf with compact plant type for close planting，red and round fruit. Its single fruit weight is about 15-20 g.Its yield is 54 t·hm-2，the growth period of the variety is 110 days. It tastes good with sweet and sour. The variety is suitable for protected cultivation in northern China.
‘Chuanteng No.10’ is a F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘ 2008-11-3-1-3’ as female parent and‘ 2008-51-1-1-2’ as male parent. It is of mid and early-maturity. The first flower sets at the 8-12th node. It takes 69 days and 102 days from transplanting to first harvest for green fruit and red fruit，respectively. Its fruit is of stripe shape. The fruit is 25.8 cm in length，1.2 cm in width，and its flesh is 0.16 cm in thickness. The average single fruit weight is 15.6 g. The plant is 67.7 cm in height and 86.7 cm in expansion diameter. The plant is of loosen type with strong fruit setting ability and good commerciality. It can set fruit easily. Its raw fruit is green and the matured one is bright red in color. Its fruit tastes mid-hot. It can be eaten fresh，or made of jam and dried as dried pepper. Its average yield is 34.5 t·hm-2. It is suitable to be planted in Sichuan Province and all over China.
‘Jinyou No.358’ is a new cucumber F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘ 10-1-5’ as female parent and‘ 10-23-1’ as male parent.‘ Jinyou No.358’ has strong growth vigor. It is resistant to downy mildew，medium resistant to powdery mildew and target leaf spot. It is tolerant to low temperature in early spring
and high temperature in autumn. The fruit is straight，about 34 cm in length with short neck. The single fruit weight is about 220 g. The fruit has lustrous dark green peel with modest warts. Its yield is over 150 t·hm-2 in solar greenhouse，and above 105 t·hm-2 in autumn plastic tunnel. It is suitable for protected field cultivation in winter，early spring and autumn in northern China.
‘Guanyan No.1 xiaodonggua’ is a small wax gourd F1 hybrid developed by crossing‘ Guanhei 09-214’ as female parent and‘ Huazhen 09-312’ as male parent. The plant has strong growth vigor，better branching，and mid-early maturity. The fruit is of short cylinder shape，with dark green and non-wax peel. The average single fruit weight is 1.10-1.33 kg，15-16 cm in length，10-11 cm in diameter，2.5-2.9 cm in fresh thickness. Its commercial rate is high. The single plant can bear over 4 fruits，and get 3-4 kg yield. The average yield is 42 t·hm-2. It is resistant to Fusarium wilt and tolerant to storage and transportation. It is suitable for cultivation in open fields or plastic shed in the south and north of China.
‘Donghu No.4’ is a new squash F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘ 04-28’ as female parent，and‘ 01-2’ as male parent. It is of early maturity. It takes about 43 days from seeding to harvesting fruit about 250 g. The plant has strong growth vigor and semi trailing plant type. The first female flower sets on the 6-7th node. It has many female flowers and its fruit setting ratio is high，3-4 fruits per plant. The commercial fruit is of long cylinder shape，with light green，shining peel. It has stronger resistance to virus disease than the contrast‘Zaoqingyidai’ and‘ Pituo4094’，and stronger resistance to powdery mildew than the contrast‘ Zaoqingyidai’ in field.‘ Donghu No.4’ can yield 84 t·hm-2 and is suitable for early spring and late autumn cultivation in protected and open fields in Shanxi Province.
