ISSN 1000-6346
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
High concentration of sucrose can significantly promot potato tubeization．Sucrose can not only maintain the growth of potato plant，but also specifically regulate the expression of tuberization-related genes． Moreover，sucrose is also involved in the process of regulating tuberization by hormones. This paper reviews the research progress made in studying mechanism of regulating potato tuberization by sucrose．
Vegetable quality by sensory organs is a comprehensive reflection of taste and tactile by oral cavity．It is usually identified by taste method．In this experiment，an expert panel consist of 10 senior tasters at different ages carried out systematic scoring on 5 indexes of quality by sensory organs among 50 varieties of Lactuca sativa L.，and then made objective evaluations on their sensory quality．The results showed that there were significant differences between lettuce with different varieties and colors．The sensory quality of head lettuce was better than loose leaf lettuce，and for the lettuce with different colors，green leaf was better than purple leaf．
In order to find out the changing rule of color characters of taro germplasm resource，we observed and classified the color character diversities of taro〔 Colocasia antiquorum Schott and Colocasia esculenta（ L.）Schott〕 germplasm resource according to the Technical Code for Evaluating Crop Germplasm Resources-Taro 〔Colocasia esculenta（ L.） Schott〕，taking over 300 taro germplasm resources conserved in Wuhan National
Germplasm Repository for Aquatic Vegetables. We summarized and focused on the correlation between leaf junction color，color of middle to lower part of petiole，and bud color of corm. According to the color of middle to lower part of petiole，C. antiquorum Schott was divided into 3 types as wild taro with green-petiole（white bud type），wild taro with purple-green-petiole（ red bud type） and purple-petiole（white bud type）. In C. esculenta（ L.）Schott，taro with numerous cormels was divided into 3 basic types of green-petiole taro with numerous cormels（ white bud type generally），purple-green-petiole taro with numerous cormels（ red bud type generally） and red-purple-petiole taro with numerous cormels（ white bud type generally）. Taro with multi-headed corm was divided into 2 types of green-petioletaro with multi-headed corm（ white bud type） and purple-green-petiole taro with multi-headed corm（ red bud type）. Looking from the whole of C. antiquorum Schott and C. esculenta（ L.） Schott，if there was purple-green color component in the
color of middle to lower part of petiole，its bud color of corm was red type and the others were white type generally.Looking from leaf junction color，in C. antiquorum Schott，that of green was white bud type and that of purplered was white bud type or red bud type. In C. esculenta（ L.） Schott，if the leaf junction color of taro with numerous cormels was purple-red，its bud color of corm was red type，and if that was yellow-green or green，its bud color of
corm was white type. In taro with multi-headed corm，if the leaf junction color was green，its bud color of corm was red type，and if that was purple-red，its bud color of corm was white type.
This paper measured the ethylene release rates in different cucumber genotypes including ffMMaa，ffMMAA，FFMMaa，FFMMAA，and FFmmAA by gas chromatography，to study the relationship between ethylene and cucumber sex genotypes. The results showed that there were significant differences between the ethylene release rates in the near-isogenic lines. The ethylene release rate of ffMMaa in androecious 78 ♀ was the lower. That of ffMMAA in monoecious 406 at the 4-leave stage was higher than at the 2-leave stage. The ethylene release rate of gynoecious 10098♀ with FFMMaa genotype，which had 6.33 F gene copies was lower than that of the gynoecious WI1983G with FFMMAA genotype，which had 2.15 F gene copies. The ethylene release rate of gynoecious WI1983G（FFMMAA） was extremely significantly higher than nearly isogenic line hermaphrodite WI1983H（ FFmmAA），while that of WI1983H was extremely significantly higher than that of monoecious WI1983GM（ ffMMAA）. These facts indicated that cucumber sex genotype was closely associated with endogenous ethylene. The low ethylene release rate in androecious（ ffMMaa） might be associated with A gene inactivation. The ethylene release rate of gynoecious（ FFMMaa）could be regulated by A/a gene. Although M gene in hermaphrodite （FFmmAA） was inactive，endogenous ethylene release rate did not reduce much，the endogenous ethylene synthesized by F gene might have not directly affected the stamens inhibition in bisexual flower.
Effects of combined application of zinc，molybdenum and humic acid on chlorophyll content，antioxidant，garlic yield and soil physical，chemical and biological indicators were studied in this paper. The experiment consists of 4 treatments，including regular fertilizing（CK），regular fertilizing +zinc+molybdenum（T1），regular fertilizing+humic acid（T2），regular fertilizing+ zinc+molybdenum+humic acid（T3）. The results indicated that T3 could not only increase the plant height，stem diameter，garlic diameter and yield，but also significantly increase the chlorophyll content of garlic leaf blades，improve the activities of POD，SOD and CAT.T3 was also beneficial for strengthening soil enzyme activity，improve soil physical and chemical properties. The garlic plant treated by T3 could yield 20.13 t·hm-2，which was 14.83% more than that by traditional fertilizing at locality. To put it short，T3 has very good effect on increasing garlic yield and improving soil fertility in Henan Province.
In order to explore the effects of Verticillium dahiliae allergen Asp f2-like（VdAL） on storage quality of commercial cucumber seedling，this paper takes cucumber seedlings as test material，and conducts 3 spraying processing with different concentrations，and analyzes the quality-related indicators of cucumber seedlings before storage and 4 days after storage and also the recovery growth indicators 3-6 days after planting of seedlings. The results show that 1.25 g·L-1 VdAL treatment can significantly enhance the tolerance of cucumber seedlings to storage and transportation. Compared with other treatments，the concentration of this treatment makes the cucumber seedlings have very stable chlorophyll contents during storage period，and have fast growth after planting. These facts suggest that foliage spraying with suitable VdAL concentration is helpful for upgrading the storage quality of commercial cucumber seedlings.
In order to understand the effect of atrazine residue in soil on the successive vegetable，this experiment add atrazine solution in soil to assay its affection on photosynthesis and growth of cucumber，cowpea，pepper and choy sum．Results showed that when the atrazine concentrations in soil reached 0.21，1.84，0.24，0.11 mg·kg-1，respectively for to cucumber，cowpea，pepper，and choy sum，the largest Fv/Fm would reduce 10%．When these 4 vegetables were under the dosages of 0.2，2，0.2，0.1 mg·kg-1，respectively，ETRⅡ of these 4 vegetables were significantly declined and finally resulted in inhibition of fresh weight growth by 50%．The sensitivity of these 4 vegetables to atrazine residue in soil was in the order of choy sum ＞ cucumber ＞ pepper ＞cowpea．The results of this study indicated that Fv/Fm could be a useful parameter for assessing the risk of injury caused by atrazine residues at early stage of plant growth，and ID10 of Fv/Fm was a critical value telling weather the rotated vegetable crops were affected by atrazine residue．
For investigating the development situation of Botrytis cinerea resistance to different types of fungicides，85 isolates obtained from vegetables in North China were tested for their sensitivity to benzimidazoles （carbendazim），dicarboximides（procymidone），N-phenylanilines（diethofencarb），anilinopyrimidines （pyrimethanil），amides（ boscalid） and phenylpyrroles（fludioxonil）. The results revealed that Botrytis cinerea in North China have developed different levels of resistance to 6 different types of fungicides，and the resistances to common fungicides including pyrimethanil，boscalid and fludioxonil were spread quickly in managing the grey mold. At the same time，Botrytis cinerea had generated a high level of resistance to carbendazim，procymidone，diethofencarb and the total resistance frequency were 72.94%，51.76%，69.41%，respectively. The frequency of double resistance to carbendazim and diethofencarb was 51.76%，whereas triple-resistance to carbendazim，procymidone and diethofencarb was 34.12%. Moreover，high resistance level was also detected in the tested Botrytis cinerea to pyrimethanil and boscalid，2 common fungicides for controlling gray mold，with resistant frequency 64.71% and 65.88%，respectively. Resistant frequency to the new fungicides fludioxonil was 36.47%. Forty multiple-resistance type were found in this research，and 32 types have not been reported yet. One strain that was sensitive to the tested 6 fungicides was reported，with frequency of 1.18%，while 5 strains resistant to the 6 fungicides were verified，with frequency of 5.88%. We suggest that long-term repeated use of a single fungicide should be avoided in controlling grey mold，and application of multiple agents should be recommended so as to prolong the service life of fungicide.
Taking Corynespora cassiicola （Berk. & Curt.）Wei. as pathogen，allied toxicity measurement in laboratory and field control efficacy trial on famoxadone·mancozeb were conducted．The results showed that EC50 of famoxadone·mancozeb and mancozeb were 1.16 mg·L-1and 6.23 mg·L-1，respectively. The results of field trial indicated that after 3 successive applying of 68.75% famoxadone·mancozeb WG at 468.0，625.5，and 937.5 g·hm- 2 dosages，the control efficacies on Corynespora cassiicola could reach 78.61%，89.33% and 90.28%，respectively. Under these concentrations，no side effect was observed on cucumber.
‘ Jinmei’ is a new cherry tomato F1 hybrid developed by crossing‘ MY0216’as female parent and‘MY0310’as male parent. This variety belongs to indeterminate growth type. The fruit is of high round shape.The young fruit has no green shoulder，and the matured fruit is yellow in color. The average single fruit weight is about 17.6 g. Its fruit hardness is high. And it is tolerant to storage and transportation. The fruit tastes sweet & sour with good quality. It can yield about 45 t·hm-2. It is suitable to be planted in the greenhouse or open fields in Beijing，Liaoning，Henan，Shaanxi，Hunan，Jiangsu，Zhejiang and Hainan Provinces and etc. areas in spring.
‘Huanai B1102’ is a mini Chinese cabbage hybrid bred by crossing self imcompatible lines‘ 9051’and‘ 9012’．It is suitable for planting in spring and autumn．It takes 70 days from sowing to harvest．It has high uniformity．Its leaves are dark green in color with little wrinkle．Its head is of tube shape with yellow inside leaves．The single head weight is about 750 g．It can yield about 90 t·hm-2．It tastes good and has superior quality．It is highly resistant to virus disease，black rot，and resistant to downy mildew．It is suitable to be cultivated in Beijing，Gansu，Hebei，Yunnan Provinces，etc．It has been extended to over 200 000 hm2 since 2011．
‘ Liaoqie No.12’ is a F1 hybrid purple eggplant with green petal，developed by crossing‘ 2007P190’as female parent and‘ 2007P195’ as male parent. The plant is of medium maturity. It takes 93 days from sowing to harvesting. The plant has strong growth vigor，and is 118.2 cm in height. Its fruit is of long rod shape. The average single fruit weight is 243.9 g. Its fruit is 23.6 cm in length，5.8 cm in diameter with good commodity. The fruit peel is shining dark purple in color. It can yield about 63 t·hm-2. It is suitable for cultivation in protected fields in Liaoning，Hebei，Shandong Provinces，etc. regions.
