ISSN 1000-6346
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
This paper studied the present status of safe facility vegetable production in northern China，and analyzed existing problems and major factors affecting quality and safety of facility vegetable production，by on-spot field investigation of vegetable production site，special interview with experts of fercility，and real-time inspection of environment inside of facility，etc．The results indicated that the farmer households invesgated were mainly planting tomato，cucumber and hot pepper，and harvested 2-3 times annually．In the eastern developed regions at northern China，the average annual application amounts of chemical fertilizer and farm manure were over 6.67 kg·hm-2 and above 1.07 m3·hm-2，respectively，the ratio was high as 65.5% and 72.4%，respectively．Irrigation and fertilizing were mainly flood irrigation and fertilization with water，accounting 58.6% and 93.1%，respectively．As for insecticide application，about 41.7% farm housholds applyied 1.33-2.67 kg·hm-2（drug and water combined）each time．Compared with the eastern region，the western underdeveloped regions in northern China，the average annual application amounts of chemical fertilizer and farm manure were 5.40-6.67 kg·hm-2and 0.40-0.67 m3·hm-2，respectively．The ratio was all 41.4%．Irrigation and fertilizing were mostly drip irrigation and fertilization with water，accounting 75.9% and 96.6%，respectively. About 46.7% of the farmer housholds applied the dosage 1.33-2.67 kg·hm-2（drug and water combined）each time．During harvest season，over 90% farmer households harvested vegetables after the pesticide safety interval．So the overall product pesticide residues were in the safe and controllable range．The greenhouse environment was important factor affecting the occurrence of pest and disease on vegetables．
Soil salinization could affect the quality of vegetable production．Facility vegetable production applied great amount of livestock and poultry dung，thus adding to the soil heavy metal pollution．From now on，we should pay much attention to control greenhouse environment，prevent diseases and pests，improve water and fertilizer management technology，and upgrade energy-saving and mechanization level of greenhouse production.
Abstract：Strong heterosis on yield，quality，disease resistance and stress tolerance is displayed in cabbage（Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.）．It is an important approach for heterosis utilization to use male sterileline to produce hybrid seed．In recent years，great progress has been made in studying cabbage male sterility．This paper reviews the types of cabbage male sterility line，its genetic characteristics，and achievements gained in studying its cytology，physiology，biochemistry and molecular biology．The paper also introduces the selective breeding of cabbage male sterile line，and its application．At the same time，the paper analyzes the existing problems and prospects the future for cabbage male sterility line application．
Abstract：In order to clear the control effect of different control measures on pepper phytophthora blight，soil solarization，adding the wormcast and dripping the antagonistic bacteria suspension were adopted．Results showed that solarization could kill the pathogen of pepper phytophthora blight，the longer treating time，the better effect．But it had different effects on different kinds of microorganisms in soil．The wormcast could promote the growth of pepper seedling and had the best control effect on pepper phytophthora blight，when 30% of it was added to the cultivating substratum．A116 and B107，2 antagonistic strains were isolated from the wormcast，both of them had better antagonistic activity against Phytophthora capsici．Combining soil solarization with dripping the antagonistic bacteria suspension，the highest control effect could reach 91.67%．
Abstract：In order to investigate the genetic structure of srawberry mould from Botrytis cinerea，its differentiation and veriation regulatory，this paper carried out SSR marker analysis on DNA of 180 srawberry mould from Botrytis cinerea genomes，collected from 9 locations of Hunan Province．The result indicated that a total of 56 alleles（Na）for 9 SSR loci were detected，the average value was 6.22．The effective number of alleles（Ne）ranged from 1.27-4.89，with an average value of 3.44．The Nei’s gene diversity（H）varied from 0.21-0.80，with an average value of 0.65．The Shannon’s information index（I）varied from 0.37-1.83，with an average value of 1.34．The polymorphism information content（PIC）for 9 loci ranged from 0.13-0.19，the variation law was generally coincident with the Shannon’s information（I）index and gene diversity index（H）．The denote gene diversity in the species（Ht）of different SSR loci ranged from 0.21-0.77，with an average value of 0.65．The gene diversity within populations（Hs）varied from 0.19-0.50，with an average value of 0.40．The population genetic differentiation（Gst）varied from 0.10-0.46，with an average value of 0.37．The gene flow （Nm）ranged from 0.58-4.47，with an average value of 1.16．At geographical population level，the observed number of alleles（Na）and the effective number of alleles（Ne）were 2.93 and 2.07，respectively．The average Shannon’s information index（I）and Nei’s gene diversity index（H）were 0.67 and 0.40，respectively．The number of polymorphic loci（NP）and the proportion of polymorphic loci（P）were 6.78 and 75%，respectively．Based on Nei’s genetic distance（ranging from 0.279 7-1.922 5），9 geographical populations of MLP isolates from different regions in Hunan Province were initially grouped into 4 clusters：cluster Ⅰ included isolates Changsha，Shaoyang，Yueyang，Hengyang，Zhangjiajie and Xiangtan，cluster Ⅱ included isolates Chenzhou，cluster Ⅲ included isolates Zhuzhou，and cluster Ⅳ comprised Changde．The genetic diversity of Botrytis cinerea population from Hunan Province is very rich，but there are small differences between different geographical population．The genetic variation in bacteria mainly comes from inside population，and Botrytis cinerea moves between different areas．
Abstract：Both dimethyl disulfide（DMDS） and dazomet（DZ）were applied to cucumber in greenhouse at Beijing Shunyi District，where soil borne diseases were serious. DZ was applied with a small rotary tiller and DMDS，by injection method. Then the soil surfase was covered with completely impermeable film. The effects of DMDS and DZ on cucumber main soil borne diseases and cucumber growth and yield were compared. Results indicated that both DMDS and DZ could effectively control Meloidogyne spp.，Phytophthora spp. and Fusarium spp.，the control efficiency were 84.29%，75.99% and 79.94%，respectively at DMDS usage of 40 g·m-2，and 80.30%，92.36%，92.27%，respectively at DZ usage of 30 g·m-2. Compared with the control group，DMDS and DZ fumigation increase the net income of cucumber by 66%-85% and 65%-71%，respectively.
Abstract：Field investigation was conducted to study the occurrence dynamics of southern rust in fresh corn production area in Guangzhou．In addition，hundred-grain weight was used as an important index to analyze the correlation between southern rust damage degree and fresh corn yield．Result showed that southern rust could occurre all year round during fresh corn growing period．The 2 occurrence peaks were in July and November．Southern rust damage could significantly reduce the hundred-grain weight of fresh corn．The regression analysis indicated that there was a significant negative correlation between hundred-grain weight of fresh corn and disease severity of southern rust．The regression equation was y=-0.031 x + 31.924．The hundred-grain weight would reduce by about 0.3 g，when southern rust severity increased by 10%．
Abstract：The anatomy and apoplastic barrier of Oenanthe javanica（Bl.）DC. roots and stems were studied by optical and epifluorescence microscopes．The results showed that the adventitious roots were primary structure of O. javanica（Bl.）DC.，and had diarch and triarch vascular cylinder，endodermis，cortex，hypodermis and epidermis．Its stems were also of primary structure，and had pith cavity，cortex，and cortex with aerenchyma and scattered vascular bundles，collenchyma and epidermis．The air spaces in vivo included aerenchyma in adventitious roots and pith cavity and cortical aerenchyma in stems．The apoplastic barriers in adventitious roots included the inner layers of endodermis with Casparian bands and suberin，and the outer layers were consisted of suberized epidermis，lignified hypodermis and suberized walls around aerenchyma in different development stages，and cuticle and lignified collenchyma in stems．The in vivo air spaces and apoplastic barriers are important sturactural assurances for O. javanica（Bl.）DC. to adapt to wetland environment and improve wetland aeration．
Abstract：Taking‘ Jingxin No.1’ watermelon as experimental material，this paper investigated the effects of different humic substances（HS） concentration（ 0，0.1，0.3，0.6，1.0 g·L-1） in Hoagland on photosynthesis，chlorophyll content，biomass，electrolyte leakage percentage，antioxidant enzyme，proline and Na+，K+contents of watermelon seedling under salt stress（100 mmol·L-1 NaCl）．The results showed that adding HS
could improve the plant growth by different degrees under salt stress，especially the 0.3 g·L-1 treatment had the best alleviation effect，in which the chlorophyll contents，photosynthesis，Fv/Fm and ΦPSⅡ were significantly increased，and the distribution of Na+ and K+ was improved. At the same time，the activities of SOD and CAT were enhanced，and the electrolyte leakage percentage and MDA accumulation were reduced. Thus，watermelon plant
growth was promoted.
Abstract：Eggplant stem segment tissue culture was easy to be contaminated. Three types of eggplant were selected to test the sterilization effects of 15 kinds of sterilization methods. The best sterilization method was judged according to the contamination rate and plant regeneration rate. The result indicated that different eggplant types were applicable to different sterilization methods. Purple round eggplant was suitable for sterilization method Ⅶ，which was soaked for 10 minutes in 2% NaClO before soaking for 10 minutes in 0.1% HgCl2. Purple long eggplant was suitable for sterilization method Ⅻ，which was soaked for 10 minutes in 4% NaClO before soaking for 10 minutes in 0.3% HgCl2. Green eggplant was suitable for sterilization method ⅩⅢ，which was soaked 10 minutes in 6% NaClO before soaking for 10 minutes in 0.1% HgCl2. The green eggplant stem segment storage experiment showed that low temperature storage could reduce contamination rate. The optimum storage condition was under 5 ℃ for 3 days，the contamination rate remained below 20% and regeneration rate was kept in about 60%. All these could meet the requirements of plant regeneration.
A hydroponic experiment was conducted to study the effects of different glycine（Gly）concentrations on bakchoi〔Brassica campestirs L. spp. chinensis（L.）Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee〕seedling growth and nitrogen metabolism．The differences of dry matter，total N content，total carbon content and key enzyme activities involved in nitrogen metabolism in 2 pakchoi cultivars（‘Huawang’and‘Wuyueman’）and under 4 Gly concentration（0，2.5，5.0，10.0，20.0 mmol·L-1）were compared．The results indicated that the dry matter，total N content，total carbon content and key enzyme activities involved in nitrogen metabolism first increased then decreased with the increase of Gly concentration．Under 2.5-10.0 mmol·L-1 Gly treatment，the dry matters，total N contents，total carbon contents，the activities of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase，and root nitrate reductase，root glutamic-pyruvate transaminase，root glutamic oxalo-acetic transaminase of the 2 pakchoi cultivars were generally significantly higher than that of the contrast．Under 20.0 mmol·L-1 Gly treatment，the dry matters，total contents of N and C and the activities of most enzymes for both cultivars showed no significant difference with those in the contrast，while the dry matter，total N and C content of‘Wuyueman’were lower than that of the contrast．These results clearly demonstrates that suitable Gly concentration can promote the accumulation of N and C and promote pakchoi growth with relatively greater activities of nitrate reductase，glutamicpyruvate transaminase，glutamic oxalo-acetic transaminase in roots and GS-GOGAT cycle in both shoots and roots．
Abstract：New bitter gourd variety‘ Duotai No.1’ is developed by crossing inbred line‘ G189-4’ as female parent，and inbred line‘ G102’ as male parent. The P-polypeptide content of this new variety is high as 1.046 mg·g-1（FW）. The fruit has green peel，and it is of cylinder shape，28-30 cm in length，6 cm in width and 1.1 cm in thickness. It tastes a little bitter. The single fruit weight is about 400 g，and average yield is 51 t·hm-2. It is resistant to powdery mildew and blight in fields. It is suitable for cultivation in Southern China in spring and for processing application.
Abstract：‘Jinlyu No.5’ is a Chinese cabbage F1 hybrid，developed by crossing male sterile line‘ 90F3-7-1’ as female parent and self-incompatible line‘ 20-12-1-1’ as male parent. It is of mid-early maturity. Its growing period is 65-70 days. Its plant has strong growth vigor，and is 50 cm in height and 45 cm in width. The outer leaves are dark green in color. Its petiole is light green，and the inner leaves are yellow. Its head is of straight type and compact in shape. The single head weight is 1.5-2.0 kg. Its net vegetable ratio is 80.1%. It has few outer leaves，so it is suitable for planting with high density. It can yield 90-105 t·hm-2. Its resistance to downy mildew and soft rot is stronger than that of the contrast‘ Jinyu 60’. It has good quality and commodity. It is suitable for cultivation in Shanxi Province and surrounding regions.
Abstract：‘Ruizijiao No.1’ is a new sweet pepper F1 hybrid developed by crossing‘ RZHW267’ as female parent and‘ RZHW054’as male parent. It takes 28-35 days from planting to harvest. The first bud is borne at the 9-10th node. It is of early maturity. Its fruit is of square lantern shape with smooth peel. Its unmatured fruit is dark purple in color，with 3-4 lobes. The fruit is about 10.7 cm in vertical diameter，10.0 cm in transverse diameter and about 0.56 cm in pulp thickness. The single fruit weight is 160-250 g. It is tolerant to storage and transportation. It has high fruit setting rate. It has good commodity. Its resistances to powdery mildew and virus disease are stronger than that of the contrast‘ Qiemen’. Its normal yield can reach 75.0 t·hm-2. It is suitable for
cultivation in open and protected fields at Hexi region of Gansu Province.
Abstract：‘Pingqie No.6’ is a new eggplant F1 hybrid developed by crossing‘ p4-7-1-6’ as female parent，and‘ Caozhong 8-12’ as male parent. This variety is of mid early maturity. Its plant has strong growth vigor. The average plant height is 87.9 cm and the expansion diameter is 84.3 cm. The first inflorenscence sets at the 6.8th node. Its fruit is of long ovoid shape，with 19.20 cm vertical diameter and 10.05 cm transverce diameter. The peel is dark green in color. The fruit surface is smooth. It has good commodity character. Each single plant can bear 5.51 fruits. The average single fruit weight is 0.48 kg. Generally it can yield about 78 t·hm-2. It is suitable for facility and open field cultivation in Henan Province.
