ISSN 1000-6346
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
During‘The Twelfth Five-year Plan’period，significant progress has been achieved on genetic
breeding of Chinese cabbage（Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis）in China．A number of novel breeding materials
have been obtained．DH and MAS breeding technology has been further perfected．High throughput molecular
marker assistant technology has been primarily applied in breeding practice．Mechanized F1 seed production has
been realized in full cultivation process．Many new Chinese cabbage varieties have been extended and applied
in production．This paper systematically summarized the important progress on applied，basic and breeding
technology research，germplasm innovation and new variety selective breeding in Chinese cabbage during the past
5 years．It also analyzed and discussed the existing problems and prospected the future development orientation．
Excess fertilization in facility cultivation brought high nitrate content in soil，led to secondary
salinization，and caused continuous cropping obstacle．Thus，the sustainable development of facility agriculture
was restricted. This paper summarized the research progress on status of nitrate accumulation in facility soil，
reasons，potential risks and hazards. It also expounded the relation between nitrate and crops，and analyzed the
related control measures.
A genetic analysis was conducted to study fruit color，lycopene content，chlorophyll content and
carotene content of the genetic populations（P1，P2，F1，BC1，BC2 and F2）generated by crossing green fruit
tomato inbred line‘Lyuying’and orange fruit tomato inbred line‘Jinzhu No.1’．The result showed that there was
no significant differences in fruit color of F1 generation groups．However there were significant differences in pigment
content of F1 generation groups，indicating fruit color was controlled by nuclear gene，while genetic of pigments
content in F1 was not only controlled by nuclear gene，but also there existed some cytoplasm effects．The result of
analyzing by multiple generation conjoint showed that the genetics of tomato fruit color between green and orange
were accord with the pattern of MX2-A-AD．The major gene heritability and the polygene heritability in BC1，BC2
and F2 was 73.42%，78.25%，61.41% and 22.87%，15.35%，34.94%，respectively．The genetics of chlorophyll
content was accord with MX1-AEND-AD．The major gene heritability and the polygene heritability in BC1，
BC2 and F2 was 0，1.73%，0.65% and 45.47%，0，37.82%，respectively．The genetics of lycopene content，
as with genetics of carotene content，was accord with MX2-ADI-AD．The major gene heritability of lycopene
content and carotene content in BC1，BC2 and F2 was 75.74%，1.79%，84.26% and 61.53%，87.21%，81.05%，
respectively．And the polygene heritability of them was 20.32%，74.12%，12.68% and 0.68%，0，0，
respectively．It indicated that the major gene heritability of lycopene content and carotene content was stronger．
Screening suitable companion crops is an effective solution for vegetable continuous cropping
obstacle in greenhouse production．To explore the companion effect of cereal crops on tomato rhizosphere，we
monitored the responses of soil enzyme activities，microbial and root-knot nematodes in the root zone to tomato
companion with barley，wheat and rice using pot experiments．The results showed that the activities of soil
urease，protease and invertase were increased after companion growth with barley，wheat and rice for 30，40
and 50 days．In the intercropping of barley and wheat，rhizosphere bacteria and actinomycetes were significantly
increased while the fungi abundance was significantly decreased．The number of second-stage juveniles（J2）
and egg density of Meloidogyne spp. in tomato rhizosphere was significantly lower than the control．Fifty days after
companion growth，the reduction rate of Mloidogyne spp. J2 by barley，wheat and rice was 74.81%，42.64% and
45.74% respectively，while the loss rate of egg density was 51.29%，35.57% and 29.86% respectively．Taken
together，companion growth of cereal crops increased soil enzyme activities，improved the community composition
of soil microbes and suppressed invasion of root knot nematodes in tomato rhizosphere，among which barley is the
most promising companion crops in greenhouse tomato production．
Taking melon‘Mibao’as experimental material，this paper studied the effect of spraying
Zenggualing with different times on the differentiation of melon female flower buds，fruit position，increasing both
production and benefit．The results showed that the length of internode became obviously shorter，number of side
branches was reduced，and the used labor reduced 120 days per hectare，female flowers occurred continuously
on side branches，and fruit development period shortened 3 days after using Zenggualing．The yield of melon
increased by 11.4% and 19.2%，respectively than the control，after spraying Zenggualing one and two times．
The benefit increased 53 304.15 yuan and 71 592.00 yuan per hectare，respectively．Therefore，reasonable use
of Zenggualing can effectively inhibit the vegetative growth，and promote reproductive growth，thus enabling to
satisfy the production needs for increasing production and benefit，and simplification of cultivation procedure．
In order to study the effects of 7 kinds of fumigant，such as metham sodium，dazomet，calcium
cyanamide，methanal，1，3-dichloropropylene，dimethyl disulfide and methyl iodide on Fusarium oxysporum
in soilless culture substrates after treatment at different times and with different concentrations，the experiments
determined the quantity changes of Fusarium oxysporum with dilution plate method through indoor culture
experiments. The results showed that all 7 kinds of fumigant could significantly reduce the number of Fusarium
oxysporum. After 5 days fumigation with 120 mg·L-1 42% metham sodium and 300 mg·L-1 98% dazomet，the
killing rate could reach up to 100.00%；after 8 days fumigation with 50 times diluted 40% methanal，800 mg·L-1
calcium cyanamide，400 mg·L-1 dimethyl disulfide，150 mg·L-1 1，3-dichloropropylene and 300 mg·L-1
methyl iodide，the killing rate could reach 99.07%，98.71%，96.57%，94.86% and 85.00%，respectively.
Thus，all 7 kinds of fumigant had some effects on Fusarium oxysporum，and metham sodium and dazomet had the
most significant effect on controlling Fusarium oxysporum at soilless culture substrates，and yet with very short
fumigation time. The next effective were methanal and calcium cyanamide.
The contents and sources of 16 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs），which are on
the list of priority control PAHs stated by USEPA，in soils from 4 traditional vegetable production bases of Nanning
City were analyzed by HPLC. The result showed that the content ranges of PAHs in soils of vegetable production
bases of Nanning City were 2 632.00～5 002.43 μg·kg-1 dry weight and the average value is 3 351.30±1 110.72
μg·kg-1. The PAHs pollution in soils was in severe polluted level. Most of PAHs in soil contained 2～4 aromatic
rings，and the content took 85.72% of the total PAHs content，among which PAHs of 3 aromatic rings occupied
the largest proportion 54.62%. The PAHs in vegetable production soil of Nanning City were mainly due to the
burning of biomass and fossil fuel and emission of motor vehicle exhaust.
The yields and economic benefits of 5 different greenhouse planting patterns in Yanqing District of
Beijing were investigated taking the common pepper large crop over-summer cultivation as the contrast. The results
showed that the yields and economic benefits of these 5 planting patterns were all improved in different extents than
the contrast. Moreover，the input-output ratios were significantly higher than that of the contrast. Therefore，these
5 planting patterns had good prospects for promotion. Among the 5 planting patterns，3 patterns of tomato-violet
bean，Lettuce-small watermelon-cabbage，and tomato-celery were arranged scientificly and reasonablly，they
could be firstly extended. Two planting patterns of small watermelon-small watermelon，and celery-celery needed
more attention for reasonable crop rotation and avoid successive cropping.
‘Zuanhong No.1’is a new F1 hybrid bred by crossing‘ TM001a’ as female parent and‘ TM012F’
as male parent．It is of early-middle maturity and unlimited growth type. Its fruit is of approximate round shape．
The ripen fruit is red in color．The single fruit weight is about 200 g．Its fruit is 7.2 cm in diameter and 5.4 cm in
length．This hybrid line possesses good commercial characteristics．It is tolerant to storage and transportation．It
tastes excellent．The contents of soluble solid，organic acid，total sugar and VC are up to 5.82%，0.401%，4.21%
and 312.1 mg·kg-1（FW），respectively．The yield is around 97.5 t·hm-2．It is Highly resistant to TYLCV，
resistant to bacterial wilt and leaf mold．It is suitable to be cultivated in protected and open fields at southern and
northern part of China．
‘Jingsong No.1’ is a new F1 hybrid of loose-curd cauliflower，developed by crossing cytoplasmic
male sterile line‘ CMS060’as female late parent with inbred line‘ 1028-1’ as male parent．Both parents are
of loose-curd type．‘Jingsong No.1’ is of mid-late maturity. It takes about 65 days from transplant to harvest in
spring，and 85 days in autumn．Its plant has strong growth vigor．The single head weight is over 1.5 kg，The
white curd is loose with long and light-green stalk．Its nutritional quality is high．It is rich in mineral nutrients
and glucosinolate．Its average yield is 46.5 t·hm-2．This variety is suitable for cultivation in open fields in spring
and autumn in Beijing and its peripheral areas．
‘Hacaidou No.17’ is a new snap bean variety bred by crossing‘ Hongfucaidou’ as female
parent，‘Jiangjunyoudou’ as male parent through pedigree selection of 6 generations．It is sprawled and of early
maturity．It takes about 57 days from sowing to harvest．In the prior stage，its pods mainly grow at the stem base
with high yield．It has medium growth vigor．The tender pods are green in color with flat strip．The tip of the
tender pod has purple stripes．The pod length is 20 cm，and average width is 2.8 cm．Its pulp tastes tender with
less fiber．Its appearance has good commodity value．It is resistant to anthracnose．It can normally yield about
31.5 t·hm-2．It is suitable for cultivation in protected fields in Heilongjiang Province．
‘Shulyu No.1’is a new vegetable-used sweet-potato variety，developed by crossing‘ Tainong
71’as female parent and‘Guangshucai No.2’as male parent with a controlled hybrid method．Its plant type is
semi-erect with multiple branches and heart-shaped leaves．The top leaf is green-yellow in color，and leaf base
and vein are both green in color．Its root is of long elliptic shape with white skin and flesh．There is no fuzzes
on its stem tip．The color is turning from bluish green to green after being boiled．It tastes a little sweet without
bitter flavor，and with soapy feeling．It has good tastes．This variety is highly resistant to stem nematode，
resistant to Fusarium wilt．Within the 3 months under the trial conditions in national breeding program，it yields
about 27 t· hm-2．It can produce all year round under protected field condition．And the yield is above 75 t·
hm-2．It is suitable for cultivation in Jiangsu，Shandong，Henan，Zhejiang，Sichuan，Guangdong，Fujian and
Hainan Provinces as leaf-vegetable．
