ISSN 1000-6346
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF）is an important beneficial microorganism in natural
world and agriculture ecological system. Once a symbiotic relationship is formed between it and the host plant，
the nutriture of host plant can be significantly improved，and the yield，quality，stress resistance can also
be increased. This paper summarized the research history about AMF，species and resources of AMF，and its
physiological effect and action mechanism on vegetables. Examples of applying AMF in vegetable production are
listed. Its application is analyzed and prospected.
Taking 25 different types of cabbage（Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.）accessions as
material，this paper studied on the factors affecting the generation of embryoids in culturing isolated microspore
and conducted optimization．The embryogenesis for high-generation inbred lines was studied as well.The
results showed that the donor plant genotype is the key factor affecting embryogenesis．Embryoids were induced
from 11 accessions among all the tested materials．The highest embryoid inducing rate was 19.8 per bud in the
hybrid‘Zhonggan 628’and 47.5 per bud in inbred line‘01-88’，which were extremely significantly higher
than that of the other accessions．Floral buds with anther length between 3.0-3.5 mm，and ratio of anther length to
petal length of 3∶2-2∶1，could produce the highest proportion of microspores at late-uninucleate stage．Early
and florescence stages were the optimum sampling periods．Adding active carbon could extremely significantly
improve embryoid induction rate．
Taking‘ Jingzhoubendisigua’ and‘ Xiangshuai No.5’ as experimental material，this paper studied
the effect of waterlogging stress on the morphology of luffa and balsam pear seedlings，adventitious root anatomical
structure and barrier structure. The results showed that the plant height，number of leaves and fresh weight of luffa
seedling were not significantly different with that of the contrast under waterlogging stress for 12 days. Only after
16 days，those figures were remarkably lower than that of the contrast. But the plant height，number of leaves and
fresh weight of balsam pear seedling were significantly lower than that of the contrast under waterlogging stress for
4 days. The diameter of flooding stem（cotyledons below 1 cm）of luffa seedlings was significantly thicker than
that of the contrast after under waterlogging stress for 8 days. While，there was no significant differences between
balsam pear seedlings and the contrast. After under waterlogging stress for 16 days，there were well developed
aerenchyma in adventitious roots of luffa seedlings，but balsam pear seedlings had not formed aerenchyma yet.
After flooding，the endodermis（at 20 mm）of luffa seedlings adventitious roots appeared inner barrier structure，
while that of balsam pear seedlings appeared higher at 40 mm. This indicated that the main reason for luffa
seedlings more tolerant to waterlogging than balsam pear seedlings was the developed aerenchyma and the inner
barrier structure at 20-40 mm in adventitious roots of luffa seedlings.
Different application methods，different concentration and different applying times were studied in
this paper to optimize the applying technology of Brevibacillus brevis FJAT-0809-GLX. And the growth promotion
effect on tomato and pepper seedlings was also studied. The results showed that the combination of leaf surface
spraying and root irrigation could significanyly increase the plant height and stem diameter of pepper seedlings.
The net increasing of plant height and stem diameter reached 20.00 cm and 0.16 mm after 14 days treatment，
respectively. Different concentrations of B. brevis FJAT-0809-GLX could increase the growth of tomato and
pepper seedlings. Among all treatments，B. brevis FJAT-0809-GLX，diluted by 500 times，had the best growth
promotion effect on tomato seedlings；and diluted by 10 times had the best effect on pepper seedlings. Different
root irrigation times had different effects on the growth of tomato and pepper seedlings. Two or three times had better
effects on tomato seedling growth. While，2 times had the best effects on pepper seedling growth.
The 284 cucumber samples affected by virus in the fields of Shunyi and Changping Districts
of Beijing，Shouguang of Shandong Province，and Shenzhen of Guangdong Province，were identified on their
species of virus diseases and detected them with virus antibodies against 5 cucumber viruses，including Cucumber
mosaic virus，Watermelon mosaic virus，Zucchini yellow mosaic virus，Cucumber green mottled mosaic virus
and Papaya ring spot virus by ELISA method．The results showed that CMV，WMV，ZYMV were detected on the infected leaves of 126 and 124 samples collected in Shunyi and Changping Districts of Beijing．Among
them the detection rate of CMV was the highest，all was 100.00% in Shunyi and Changping．The detection rate
of ZYMV were 80.95% and 66.94%，respectively．The detection rate of WMV was the lowest - 51.59% and
53.22%，respectively．Only CMV was detected on the infected fruit．CMV，WMV，ZYMV，PRSV 4 viruses
were detected on the infected leaves of 28 samples collected in Shouguang of Shandong Province．The detection
rates of these 4 viruses were 100.00%，35.71%，35.71% and 17.86%，respectively．CMV，WMV，PRSV
were detected on the infected leaves of 6 infected cucumber samples collected in Shenzhen．The detection rates
were 100.00%，50.00% and 50.00%，respectively．Investigation discovered that the phenomenon of 2 and over
2 kinds of virus mixed infection on cucumber was very common in Shunyi and Changping Districts of Beijing，
Shouguang of Shandong and Shenzhen of Guangdong．
In order to clarify the feasibility of regeneration and grafting reuse of rootstock and scion after
tomato grafting，this paper took tomato‘ Jiulyu 787’ as rootstock and‘ Jiahong No. 4’ as scion，and studied on the
growth and development process of rootstock and scion residue regeneration seedlings，and compared the healing
and growth indexes of residue grafting seedlings with primary grafting seedlings. The results showed that the residue
stock of the rootstock could be regenerated by cutting，and the residue scion could be regenerated from the axillary
bud to form a complete seedling after grafting，thus shortening the breeding period for 16 days. Comparing with the
primary grafting seedlings，the survival rate，resultant force，transporting capacity and late growth parameters
had no significant differences when grafted with rootstock and scion residue. And the cost of residue grafting
seedlings was obviously lower than that of the primary grafting seedlings. Every 10 000 grafted seedlings could save
875.5 yuan，indicating the grafted rootstock and scion residue could be regenerated and grafted again，and the
economic benefits could be improved obviously.
A total of 126 Phytophthora infestans isolates were collected from Harbin，Suihua and Qiqihar
Cities of Heilongjiang Province from 2015 to 2017. Analysis on their mating types，mtDNA haplotypes，SSR
genotypes and multi-locus genotypes were carried out. The results indicated that 3 mating types of A1，A2 and self-fertility were found in 126 strains isolated，accounting for 88.1%，6.3% and 5.6% of the total isolates，
respectively. Two mtDNA haplotypes，Ⅰa and Ⅱ a，were identified，accounting for 17.5% and 82.5% of the total
number of isolates，respectively. Seven SSR genotypes，F-01，F-02，F-03，F-05，F-06，D-03 and G-02，
were identified from 126 isolates tested. Among them，the F-01 genotype（77.8%）was dominant genotype.
A total of 9 multi-locus genotypes were identified by systematic analysis of P. infestans，and the multi-locus
genotype A（65.1%）was the dominant genotype found in Heilongjiang Province. These results indicated that from
2015 to 2017，the population structure of P. infestans in Heilongjiang Province was very complicated year by year.
And the population structure of P. infestans in the Suihua City was the most complex.
The QuEChERS method for rapid detection of 12 pesticide residues in leek was established
in combination with LC/GC-MS-MS，taking acetonitrile as solvent for ultrasonic extraction and PSA and C18
as adsorbent for solid extraction. The involved 12 pesticides were imidacloprid，dichlorvos，chlorpyrifos，
carbendazim，procymidone，methamidophos，fenpropathrin，carbofuran，benzex，chlordan，cyhalothrin and
abamectin. Then the pesticide residues status in leek of Shanxi Province was dynamically monitored and analyzed.
The results showed that the total detection rate of pesticide residues in leek was 80%，and the over standard rate
was 20%. Frequently used pesticides were imidacloprid，dichlorvos，carbendazim，procymidone，fenpropathrin
and cyhalothrin. For the unqualified samples，the higher residues of procymidone was the main reason. The level
of pesticide residues of Taiyuan City and its surrounding areas was higher since August. Meanwhile，the detection
rate of pesticide residues in leek from the nearby farmers markets was close to that from supermarkets. However，
the over standard rate of the former（27.3%）was evidently higher than that of the latter（9.1%）.
‘Qingshu No.11’ is a new potato variety developed from a cross between‘ Tongshu No.23’as
female parent and‘ Qingshu168’ as male parent．It is of mid-late maturity．It takes about 107 days from sprouting
to harvest．Its tuber is of oval shape with pink peel，yellow flesh and shallow eyes．The content of starch，crude
protein，VC and reducing sugar in its tuber is 17.96%，3.17%，240.3 mg·kg-1 and 0.279%，respectively．It
is resistant to late blight．It can yield 33.0-37.5 t·hm-2 under normal fertility condition，and 37.5-45.0 t·hm-2
under higher fertility condition．It is suitable for cultivation in all parts of Qinghai Province．
‘Tianyi’ is a new radish F1 hybrid developed by crossing self-incompatible line‘ L116’ as female
parent and self-incompatible line‘ L13’ as male parent．It is of early and medium maturity．It can be planted
both in spring and autumn．The growth period is about 70 days in spring and 75 days in autumn．The plant is
erect with small pinnate leaves．The root is of cylindrical shape and 20-25 cm in length and 6.5-7.5 cm in width．
The single root weight is 500-750 g．Its peel is green in color and smooth，bright and beautiful．Its flesh is
also green in color and tasted crispy and sweet．It is suitable for eating as uncooked food．Its yield is about 60-
75 t·hm-2．Its resistance to virus disease，downy mildew and black rot is stronger than that of the contrast
‘Shawoluobo’．It is suitable for cultivation in Tianjin，Hebei and Shandong Provinces．
‘Sushuigua No.1’is a new variety of high-quality，high-yield and disease-resistant oriental
pickling melon，developed by crossing 2 inbred lines‘ MM-192’ and‘ MM-123’ from Qintong Town of Jiangyan
County，Jiangsu Province．It takes about 98 days from sowing to harvest in spring in Nanjing area．The tender
fruit can be harvested about 25 days after the opening of female flowers．The fruit is gray green in color of pear
shape．It is 17-19 cm in vertical diameter and 11-13 cm in transverse diameter．The single melon weight is 0.9-
1.4 kg．The flesh is green in color．The soluble solids content is about 5.0%．Its flesh is crisp，juicy，sweet
with good flavor．It is moderately resistant to gummy stem blight．It can yield about 49.5 t·hm-2．It is suitable
for cultivation in Jiangsu Province and its surrounding areas．
‘Mianzijiang No.1’ is a new purple cowpea variety developed by crossing breeding material
‘403-2’ as female parent and‘ 2441’ as male parent through system selective breeding．It is of medium
maturity. Its growth period is about 71 days．The first inflorescence occurs at the 5-6th node．Its flower is light
purple in color，and seed is reddish-brown and of kidney shape．The cowpea pod is 45-55 cm in length．The
single pod weight is about 15 g．The pod has even thickness，less fibre and tail．Its comprehensive characteristics
are superior．The anthocyanins content is 0.97 mg·g-1．The yield in spring cultivation is 27.0-31.5 t·hm-2．It
is suitable for planting in cowpea production areas of Sichuan Province．
