ISSN 1000-6346
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
Light is one of the most important environmental factors affecting the growth and development of facility vegetables. Light environment regulation has become a hot spot in facility environment research. Traditional light environment control adopts common electric light source or filter film，which can not accurately modulate the spectral energy distribution quantitatively. With the rise of new semiconductor light source，LED supplementary light is widely used for its adjustable light quality ratio combination，spectral energy distribution，etc. This paper discussed the effects of light environment on horticultural vegetables in solar greenhouse，and expounded the recent years research on light environmental characteristics inside of facilities，and regulation of natural and artificial light environment in horticultural facilities. At the same time，the paper also prospected the future research direction.
During the investigation for vegetable diseases of Hunan Province in July 2016，symptoms of intervein chlorosis and leaf yellowing were discovered on Solanaceae vegetable leaves，including tomato，pepper，eggplant and potato plants. The symptoms were suspected as Tomato chlorosis virus（ToCV）and a large number of Bemisia tabaci were found on the back of leaves. The infected leaves of tomato，pepper，eggplant and potato and Bemisia tabaci samples were detected by RT-PCR using gene specific primers of ToCV heat shock protein 70 （HSP70）sequence，and an expected fragment were obtained. The results of sequence analysis revealed that the fragment shared the highest nucleotide identity at 99.0% with the isolates from Beijing（KC887999.1）. The infection rate of ToCV of these 4 kinds of Solanaceae vegetables was 70%-100%. Viruliferous rate of Bemisia tabaci was 66.7%-87.5%. The whitefly biotype was MED. This is the first time that Hunan Province confirms the existing of ToCV，which needs special attention and stronger prevention.
Taking Trichodema viride-spent mushroom substrate（SMS）fermentation product as experimental material，this paper studied the effects of combining it with peat，vermiculite by different ratio（V/V） on promoting cucumber seedling growth and controlling efficiency on cucumber root rot．The results
showed that the physiological and chemical properties of treatment T7（ Trichodema viride-SMS fermentation product∶peat∶vermiculite = 1∶1∶1），T9（Trichodema viride-SMS fermentation product∶peat∶vermiculite =2∶1∶1）and T11（Trichodema viride-SMS fermentation product∶peat∶vermiculite = 1∶2∶1）were very near that of the contrast（Trichodema viride-SMS fermentation product∶peat∶vermiculite=0∶2∶1）．Thirty days after inoculation of Fusarium solani，the control efficiency of T7，T9 and T11 treatments on cucumber root rot were 88.56%，78.34%，82.31%，respectively，and were all significantly higher than that of the contrast thiophanate-methyl．In the experiment of nurturing cucumber seedlings，the mixed substrate T7 had the best
performance in terms of plant height，steam diameter，leaf area，chlorophyll content，number of lateral roots，above-ground and underground dry matter weights，root system activities，etc．Their indexes were 117%，127%，171%，99.4%，170%，189%，237% and 125% of the contrast，respectively．Therefore，taking Trichodema viride-SMS fermentation product for cucumber seedling culture had not only good efficiency on stimulating cucumber seedling growth but also better control effect on cucumber root rot．
This paper carried out principal components and cluster analysis of 8 main fruit characters from119 bottle gourd germplasm resources．The results showed that Shannon-Weaver diversity information index was between 0.394 8 - 2.063 6．There were wide genetic diversities in 8 fruit characters，among them fruit shape，peel color and single fruit weight had the most abundant genetic diversities．The results of principal components analysis showed that the first，second，third and fourth principal component contribution rates were 37.24%，23.33%，14.71% and 9.44%，respectively and their cumulative contribution rate reached 84.72%．The results of cluster analysis indicated that 119 materials of bottle gourd germplasm resources could be divided into 2 groups，including 62 and 57 germplasm resources，respectively．The first group had better quality and appearance，and could be used as basic material for breeding of bottle gourd．
Abstract：As an important direction of the facility agriculture modernization，the automatic management for
integration of water and fertilizer via integrated equipment is conducive for saving water and fertilizer and increasing
production efficiency．This experiment was carried out based on the independent-developed AWF-type equipment
and conducted automatic management for integration of water and fertilizer．The paper also took conventional
management as the contrast；measured the growth index，chlorophyll contents of leaf blades，yield and quality of
lettuce；calculated amount of irrigation，cost and benefit；and analyzed the effect of using AWF-type equipment
for integration of water and fertilizer by automatic irrigation on lettuce growth and production efficiency．The
results showed that lettuce yield of 3 stubble under the automatic management of AWF-type equipment were
38.91、17.53、28.50 t·hm-2，respectively，and increased 25.00%，54.75% and 11.76%，respectively than
that by conventional management．Meanwhile，the irrigation amount decreased 23.84%，21.71% and 28.91%，
respectively．While，the production efficiency of irrigation water increased 64.13%，97.65% and 57.24%，
respectively．The result of cost and benefit analysis indicated that the annual income was increased 42 750
yuan·hm-2 by using AWF-type fertigation equipment，and there were remarkable effects of increasing production
and saving water．The effects in yield increase，water saving and increment were significant.
This paper studied the safety and weed control efficacy of the mixure of pendimethalin with different doses of oxyfluorfen on 8 different scallion cultivars by field trial. Results indicated that 330 g·L-1 pendimethalin EC 2 250 mL·hm-2 + 24% oxyfluorfen EC 300-750 mL·hm-2 was secure to different varieties
of scallion for 3 and 7 days. The herbicide phytotoxicity classification was 1. The sensitivity of different scallion cultivars was different to the mixure of pendimethalin and different doses of oxyfluorfen.‘Zhuangyuanjucong’ and‘ Zhangqiudacong’ were resistant to these herbicides.‘ Yangxingyuancong’ and‘ Lyuxiuyuancong’ were sensitive.‘ Dawutongcongwang’，‘Hangtianyizhangbai’，‘Hanfeng’ and‘ Tiegancongwang’ were moderately sensitive. The controlled effect of 330 g·L-1 pendimethalin EC 2 250 mL·hm-2 + 24% oxyfluorfen EC 450-750 mL·hm-2 on grass were over 80%. They had better control efficiency on main grassy weed and broadleaves in the scallion field.
The Williams identification system was adopted to identify the Plasmodiophora brassicae
collected from the Chinese cabbage producing area at the mountainous areas in Yingjiang County，Yunnan
Province．The 4 differential hosts all showed that they were susceptible，and the disease index was 21、
33、28、30，respectively，indicating that fungus was physiological race No.4．The resistance of 18 Chinese
cabbage cultivars from home and abroad was identified by planting on fungal soil method．The results
showed that the incidence and disease indexes of 6 varieties were 0，and they were immune to Yingjiang
Plasmodiophora brassicae．The disease index of 2 varieties were ＜10，indicating they were resistant to
Yingjiang Plasmodiophora brassicae．They could be used as resistant genetic resources for selecting new
Chinese cabbage varieties for this disease．
Greenhouse vegetable production plays a decisive role in Wuhan City’s Vegetable Basket Project．This paper analyzed the meteorological observation data obtained from 1951-2016 and micro-climate observation data of winter vegetable greenhouse from 2014-2015．The results indicated that the mean temperature in January was about 3.5 ℃，and proportions of cloudy days and sunny days in winter were 46% and 40%，respectively．These climate conditions were not favorable for temperature rising inside of greenhouse．But under the environment conditions of greenhouse in Wuhan，daytime temperatures in greenhouse in sunny day and cloudyday in January，were 11.4 ℃ and 4.9 ℃ higher than that of outside greenhouse，respectively．These conditions could satisfy the growth of semi-cold tolerant vegetable varieties．In Wuhan cold air activities were frequent in early spring．During 50% years from 1951-2016 owing to fewer sunny days and more cloudy days，it was already late March or even late when the temperature was stably over 10 ℃．So it was very difficult to rise the temperature inside of the greenhouse．And it was also difficult to meet the requirement of warm-season vegetables for warm temperature．But in autumn，the sky was clear and air was crisp．And over 75% of the years from 1951-2016，owing to more sunny days and less cloudy days，winter set in basically later than November 16th．This condition was favorable for temperature rising in greenhouse and suitable for developing late autumn vegetable production．So we suggest that it is necessary to adjust the greenhouse vegetable production by reducing the ratio of warmseason vegetables proportion in spring and increasing the plantation of late autumn solanaceous vegetables.
In order to obtain a rapid and accurate leaf area measurement method for vegetable seedlings，
this study took tomato seedlings as material and square method as the contrast，studied the accuracy，precision
and determining speed of 3 leaf area measurement methods，including scanning and analysis，leaf area meter and
leaf punch weighing. Afterwards，the obtained results were verified by cucumber leaves，pepper leaves and scraps
of paper. Finally based on varying scanning dpi levels，the screened methods were optimized. The results showed
that comparing with the leaf area meter method and leaf punch weighing method，data obtained from scanning and
analyzing method was closer to the real value with higher precision and less time consuming. Meanwhile，there was
no significant difference among results of scanning and analyzing method under different resolutions，while less
time needed for lower resolution. Therefore，the scanning and analyzing method of 50 dpi resolution can be used as
a rapid and accurate leaf area measurement method for vegetable seedlings.
‘Shenghan 740’ is a new mid-early ripening hot pepper F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred
line‘ 15-Y24’ as female parent with inbred line‘ 15-Y36’ as male parent．Its first flower sets on the 10-11th
node．The plant has strong growth vigor，successive fruit bearing ability and high yield．Its fruit is of horn shape
with smooth skin．The green unmatured fruit is light green and matured one is bright red in color．The single
fruit weight is 120-170 g．Its fruit is 26-30 cm in vertical diameter and 5.2 cm in width．The pulp is about 0.4
cm in thickness．The variety is resistance to TMV，moderate resistance to CMV．It has excellent cold tolerance
and can yield over 105 t·hm-2 in solar greenhouse in northern China．It is suitable for winter cultivation in solar
greenhouse，and also in protected fields in northern China as early spring and autumn-winter crops．
‘Weichunbai No.3’ is a new Chinese cabbage F1 hybrid bred by crossing self-incompatible lines ‘BZ07-09’ as female parent and‘ BD05-272’ as male parent．Its growing period is 68 days．The plant is 36 cm in height and 50 cm in width．The out leaf is dark green in color and petiole is white and thin. The head is of cannonball shape，32 cm in height and 23 cm in diameter．The leaf inside of head is light yellow in color and average single head weight is 1.9 kg．Its net-head rate is 62.9%，soft leaf rate is 41.1% and dwarf stem is 5.2 cm．It can yield about 82.5 t·hm-2．It is resistant to TuMV and medium resistant to downy mildew．It is suitable for cultivation in Shandong，Heibei zhangjiakou，Yunnan and areas around Beijing as spring Chinese cabbage．
Key words：Spring Chinese cabbage；‘Weichunbai No.3’；F1 hybrid
‘Tangfen 108’ is a F1 hybrid tomato cultivar developed by crossing inbred line‘ YT-01-12-04-
12-10’ as female parent and‘ LT-05-06-12-14-08’ as male parent．It belongs to an infinite growth type and is
of early maturity．It is tolerant to low temperature and poor light with high fruit setting rate．The fruit is globular
in shape and pink in color．The average single fruit weight is 281.2 g．Its yield at the earlier stage is high and
accounts for 40%-45% of the total yield．The average yield in solar greenhouse is about 112.5 t·hm-2 in winter．
The cultivar is highly resistant to TMV and Fusarium wilt．It is suitable to be cultivated in winter in solar
greenhouse or in early spring in protected fields in North China．
‘Yinlu’ is an early-maturing muskmelon F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘ M10’ as
female parent and inbred line‘ F8’ as male parent．Its whole growing period is 85-90 days，and fruit development
period is 38 days．The plant has moderate growth vigor，and is easy for fruit setting．Its fruit is of round shape
with light green flesh．The fruit pulp is 5.0 cm in thickness．The central soluble solid content is about 16%．Its
flesh is tender with superior quality．The average single fruit weight is 2.2 kg in protected cultivation and the yield
is about 52.5 t·hm-2．In open fields，the average single fruit weight is 3.1 kg and the yield is about 55.5 t·hm-2．
It is suitable for open field and protected field cultivation in Gansu Province and other melon producing areas with
equal conditions．
