ISSN 1000-6346
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
Tomato （Solanum lycopersicum） is used as a model plant for studying fruit ripening．In the process of tomato fruit ripening，the kind and content variation of carotenoids are important factors affecting tomato tinting and quality．The related studies are paid more attention．This paper summarized the recent progress made on biosynthesis and regulation of carotenoids in tomato fruit；and expounded the carotenoid kinds，distribution and contents，and changing law of carotenoids contents during tomato fruit development stages．The paper also introduced the research progress on studying key enzymes joining in carotenoids biosynthesis and transcription factors．Before ending，the paper prospected the development direction of this hot issue in the near future．
Taking seed-used pumpkin inbred line ‘98-2’ and meat-used pumpkin inbred line ‘312-1’as test materials，this paper studied on the starch content of pumpkin fruit and expression pattern of starch metabolism related genes．The results indicated that there existed significant differences in accumulation patterns of total starch and amylopectin of‘ 312-1’ and‘ 98-2’ fruits．The accumulation patterns of total starch and amylopectin in ‘312-1’ were similar．They were all accumulated gradually with fruit development，and the peak value appeared in 40 days after pollination，then decreased slightly．While，the contents of total starch and amylopectin in‘ 98-2’ maintained the same level at the early stage of fruit development（5 days after pollination）without significant accumulation process．The contents of total starch and amylopectin in‘ 312-1’were significantly higher than that in‘ 98-2’ during each fruit development stage．The amylose accumulation pattern in the 2 materials was similar，all maintaining at accumulated level at the early fruit development stage．However，the amylose contents in ‘312-1’ at different fruit development stages were significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of‘ 98-2’．In starch composition，amylopectin was dominant in the 2 materials．In addition to ISA Ⅲ，SSSⅡ and SBEⅡ genes，the GPT，AATP，PGM，AGPaseL，GBSSⅠ，SSS Ⅲ and SBEⅠ genes had similar expression trends during fruit development process of these 2 materials，and their expression quantities had large differences．Combining the amylopectin and amylopectin contents in fruits of these 2 materials，the paper speculated that GPT，AATP，AGPaseL，GBSSⅠ，SSSⅡ，SSS Ⅲ，SBEⅠ and SBEⅡ genes were key genes regulating starch accumulation in pumpkin fruit．
This paper analyzed and evaluated the nitrogen use efficiency actuality in potato production by questionnaire and literature retrieval method for nitrogen application rate，basic fertilizer application rate，potato yield，etc. in 6 potato producing areas；and probed into the effective way of improving PFP in potato production．The results showed that there were bigger differences in productivity of applied N（PFP）between different production areas．It was 184 kg·kg-1 in Northeastern China，110 kg·kg-1 in Southwestern China，104 kg·kg-1 in Central Plain Region，99 kg·kg-1 in Southern China，95 kg·kg-1 in Northwestern China，and 84 kg·kg-1 in North China，The main reason for low productivity of nitrogen fertilizer was excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer．The effective technical ways to reduce nitrogen application and increase efficiency were to adopt‘ big formula，small adjustment’regional fertilization technology；to apply nitrogen fertilizer recommended plan of combining soil test with plant diagnosis；to conduct fertilization pattern of mixing new fertilizer with organic fertilizer，thus to fully excavate yield potential，reduce nitrogen application，and increase efficiency．
Taking the leaves of Salanum sisymbriifolium and S. torvum as protoplast fusion materials，this paper studied the enzymatic hydrolysate concentration，enzymatic hydrolysis time and electrofusion parameters．The results showed that the optimal concentration was 0.3%（m/V）cellulase R-10+0.1%（m/V）macerozyme R-10．Under this condition，the maximum number of single cells could be observed by microscope．The optimal enzymolysis time were 14 hours for S. sisymbriifolium and 13 hours for S. torvum，which the protoplasts yield was 14.06×106 protoplasts per gram and 15.92×106 protoplasts per gram，respectively．The optimum electric fusion parameters of field strength was 80 V·cm-1，for 10 s action time．The D.C. square pulses was 1 250 V·cm-1 for 45 μs．Just once the best fusion effect could be observed by microscope．
Fifty-six major commercial capsicum cultivars in Sichuan Province were evaluated for their resistance to Phytophthora capsici by three methods，including seedling artificial inoculation（6~8 leaf stage），inoculation after transplanting to field（branching stage）and disease nursery trials（fruiting stage）．The results showed that 5 varieties were identified as resistant to disease and 18 varieties as susceptible to P.capsici-induced root rot．The resistance types of the rest varieties were shifted due to the different inoculation period and cultivation environment．The results of correlation analysis indicated that the method of indoor seedling inoculation would represent more precisely the true level of pepper resistance in the fields．
Taking‘Jingyankuaicai’as test material，this paper set up 3 cooling treatments including screen-shading，screen-shading+external spray，and screen-shading+internal spray to study the effects of different cooling methods on environment index of solar greenhouses，and growth and quality of over summer Chinese cabbage．The results showed that in sunny weather of summer，all 3 cooling methods can reduce the indoor temperature of the solar greenhouse，and the screen-shading+internal spray treatment has the best cooling effect．All 3 cooling treatments could increase the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of Chinese cabbage plant．The plant height and leaf bade number of Chinese cabbage treated by screen-shading+internal spray were all higher and more than those of the contrast．The single plant weight of Chinese cabbage treated by spray were significantly increased than that only treated by screen-shading，and their quality is even better．
Bitter gourd Fusarium wilt is a soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.momordicae．At present，better pesticides or biocontrol agents are in urgent need in market．In order to control bitter gourd Fusarium wilt with better effect，this paper conducted pot cultivation experiment，screened the optimal combination of Pseudomonas chlororaphis G5+hymexazol．The control effect of the optimal combination screened by pot experiment was verified in the pathogenic area of bitter gourd Fusarium wilt．The results showed that the combination B+0.75Hym（1×109 cfu · mL-1 G5 suspension+187.5 mg · L-1 hymexazol）had 81.60% disease control effect on potted bitter gourd Fusarium wilt，which was higher than that by the other treatments．At the same time，the combination had the most obvious growth promoting effect on bitter gourd seedlings．After inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum，the activities of PAL，PPO and POD defense enzymes in bitter gourd leaves treated with combination B+0.75Hym were higher．The control effect in field experiment of combination B+0.75Hym on bitter gourd Fusarium wilt was 52.59% and 32.13%，respectively 30 days and 60 days after transplantation．And the yield of bitter gourd was also higher than that by the other treatments．These results showed that the optimum combination B+0.75Hym screened from pot experiment could not only reduce the application amount of pesticides，but also effectively control bitter gourd Fusarium wilt and increase bitter gourd yield．It has certain practical value in production．
Taking tomato variety‘Jinguan 58’as scion，‘Guozhen No.1’as rootstock，this study designed 4 treatments with different tomato seedling ages as 1 leaf stage，2 leaf stage，3 leaf stage and 4 leaf stage；and studied the effects of different seedling ages on tomato grafting．Through analyzing the difficulty degree of operation，activity changes of 2 enzymes POD and PAL，callus cells in grafted incision，plants growth situation after field planting，and survival rate of post grafting，etc.，the paper preliminarily determined that 2 and 3 leaf stages were the most suitable time for tomato seedling grafting．
‘Hongxing 302’ is a truss tomato F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘ 01-61’ as female parent and‘ 01-23’ as male parent．This variety is of infinite growth type．Its fruit can be harvested bunchily．The fruit peel is bright red in color．The fruit is of oval shape with sour-sweet taste and good quality．Its VC content is 364 mg·kg-1，titrable acid and soluble sugar contents are 0.44% and 4.25%，respectively．The average single fruit weight is 30.79 g．The hardness of the fruit is 11.40×105 Pa．The number of fruit per plant is about 53．The yield is about 73.5 t ·hm-2．The variety is highly resistant to virus disease and bacterial wilt．It is suitable for cultivation in protected fields in Hebei and surrounding areas in winter and early spring．
‘Hongmi No.4’ is a pumpkin F1 hybrid developed by crossing 2 higher generation inbred lines，‘N213’ as female parent and ‘N219’ as male parent．It has strong growth potential，and is of mid-late maturity．The first female flower sets at the 20th node．The main and lateral vines can bear fruit．The fruit is of long neck cylindrical shape．The commercial fruit is about 38 cm in length．The single fruit weight is 3.5-5.0 kg．The soluble solid content in fruit is about 8.8%．Its pulp is tender delicate with floury and sweet taste．Generally，it can yield over 60 t ·hm-2．It has high and stable yield．It is suitable for open field cultivation in Central and Southern China．
‘Hongbaoyu’ is a new muskmelon F1 hybrid of medium maturity developed by crossing‘ 10R15’as female parent and‘ 10R8’ as male parent．It grows steadily and healthily．It has strong resistance to disease and stress．The whole growth period is 95-110 days and its fruit development period is 30-35 days．The fruit is of short oval shape with milky white peel．The single fruit weight is about 1.5 kg．Its flesh is 3.5-4.0 cm in thickness with orange red color．The central soluble solid content is 17.5%．Its flesh is dense and crisp．Its pedicel is not easy to drop．This variety is tolerant to storage and transportation．Its average yield is about 54 t ·hm-2．It is suitable for cultivation in protected field in spring in Shandong，Hebei，Shaanxi，Anhui，etc.Provinces．
‘Ganke No.4’ is a new pepper F1 hybrid developed by crossing two inbred lines ‘P921’ as female parent and ‘P926’ as male parent．It is of extreme early maturity．It has shorter growing period and is specially for multiple cropping．It is easy for cultivation in protected fields．Its fruit is of horn shape with many wrinkles，about 22-25 cm in length，3 cm in width，and 0.3 cm in flesh thickness．The single fruit weight is 45-50 g．It can bear fruit concentrately and yield highly．It has strong and hot taste．Its quality is good．In fields，its resistance to Phytophthora blight is equivalent to that of the contrast ‘Longjiao No.2’ and obviously stronger than that of the contrast‘ Qicunhong’．Its resistance to virus disease is equivalent to these 2 contrasts．It can yield about 60 t ·hm-2．It is suitable for multiple cropping in protected fields in Gansu Province and homogeneous ecological zones in China．
