ISSN 1000-6346
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
Bacterial wilt diseases is an important pest harming the development of tomato industry．This paper reviewed the recent research progress in different bacterial wilt control measures，including agricultural，chemical，biological，and integrated one．The paper emphatically introduced the screening and application of microbiological agents for controlling tomato bacterial wilt in China，and also prospected the research tendency for controlling tomato bacterial wilt diseases．
Leaf angle is an important part of plant type，which affecting crop photosynthetic efficiency and yield．Taking ‘Heinz1706’with open and flat leaves as female parent and‘161-817’with upthrow leaves as male parent，this study constructed F2：3 populations to conduct fine mapping of tomato leaf angle gene．Results of genetic analysis revealed that the leaf upthrow to open and flat leaf was shown partially dominant．The results of combining BSA method with QTL mapping indicated that there were 2 major QTL （LA1-1 and LA1-2）existed on chromosome of tomato No.10 and were connected with tomato leaf angle phenotype．Among them，LA1-1 was located between molecular markers A-10 and A-5 with 18.7% genetic contribution rate and 1.58 Mb physical distance．There were 210 genes encoded in this region．LA1-2 was located between molecular markers B-3 and B-9．The genetic contribution rates was 22.5% and physical distance was 378 kb．There were 32 genes encoded in this region．
Purple leaf mustard is a new type of healthy vegetable，rich in anthocyanins．Based on the purple-green leaf mustard near isogenic lines（NILs），this paper studied the microscopic distribution and content of anthocyanins in purple leaf mustard，and effect of anthocyanins on its photosynthesis．The results demonstrated that anthocyanins in purple leaf mustard were distributed in the upper and lower epidermis of mustard leaves．Under same light radiation intensity or same CO2 concentration，the net photosynthetic rate of single plant of purple leaf was significantly lower than that of green leaf．The light compensation point，light saturation point and maximum carboxylation rate of single plant with purple leaf were extreme significantly lower than those with green leaf．The electron transport rate and maximum photosynthesis rate of the single plant with purple leaf was significantly lower than those with green leaf．The anthocyanin content in purple leaf mustard was significant or extremely significant negatively correlated to its photosynthesis characteristics as increasing anthocyanin content would reduce photosynthetic efficiency．
Taking 19 plants as experimental material，this paper studies the effects of different accompanying plants on controlling tomato root-knot nematode and promoting tomato growth．The results of preliminary and secondary screening indicated that 4 plants including rape，tillering onion，mint and fennel accompanying tomato could significantly reduce the number of tomato root-knot and its root-knot index．The relative control effect was 58.7%-82.8%．They had no remarkable inhibitory effect on tomato growth．Thus，they can be used as effective accompanying plants to reduce tomato root-knot nematode disease．
Taking Xinjiang wild onion and common welsh onion （Zhangqiu welsh onion and Japanese Yuanzang welsh onion）as test material，this paper studied the effects of drought stress on physiological indexes of 3 kind onions by potted water control method．The results showed that the overall growth of wild onion was weak，but with the decrease of the relative water content in soil，the changing range of morphological indicators，including plant height and leaf length of wild onion was small．The contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein，and proline in leaves and pseudostems of wild onion，root activity and antioxidant enzyme activity were all higher than those of common welsh onion．While，the increasing range of relative conductivity，MDA，H2O2 content were less than that of common welsh onion．And the increase range of soluble sugar，proline content，SOD，POD activity were greater than that of common welsh onion．The decreasing range of root activity was smaller than that of the common welsh onion．Based on various indicators，the drought resistance of wild onion is superior to that of Zhangqiu and Japanese Yuanzang welsh onion．
Under ebb-and-flow irrigation system，taking cucumber variety ‘Zhongnong No.18’ as material，this study carried out plug seedling culture in summer and winter，and compared the effects of different irrigation height（1 cm，2 cm and 3 cm）on water absorption rate of substrate，growth indexes of cucumber plug seedlings，root system vigor，and water and nitrogen use efficiency．The results showed that the water absorption rate of substrate accelerated gradually along with the irrigation height increasing．In summer and winter，when irrigation heights were 2 cm and 3 cm，the plug seedling height，leaf area，shoot fresh weight and dry mass were all higher than the 1 cm irrigation height，while the indexes of root volume，root system fresh weight and dry mass，root-shoot ratio and strong seedling index showed no significant differences among the 3 irrigation heights．However，the root system activity of plug seedlings at 3 cm irrigation height was significantly decreased，and the volume of feed and return liquid and application amount of fertilizer were the largest．In summer，the water and nitrogen use efficiency of plug seedlings was the highest under 2 cm irrigation height．Based on the growth indexes and water/fertilizer use efficiency of plug seedlings，in summer and winter，the suitable irrigation height was 2 cm for cucumber plug seedlings under ebb-and-flow irrigation．
Taking conventional fertilization as the contrast，through 2 successive years experiments under 30% total chemical fertilizer reduction，this paper compared the effects of 2 water and fertilizer integration models on yield and benefit of spring greenhouse pepper．The results showed that compared with the conventional acupoint application，both of these 2 water and fertilizer integration models had promoted the growth of spring greenhouse pepper and effectively improved its yield，efficiency and quality．In terms of comprehensive performance，the half-way water and fertilizer integration model was obviously better than fullscale water and fertilizer integration model．
Based on planting data of major strawberry producing areas in China from 2003-2016 and strawberry production survey data from April to May 2018，this paper analyzed the changes of strawberry planting in Jiangsu Province，and compared it with the other major production areas；then measured and calculated the concentration ratio and competitiveness of strawberry industry in Jiangsu Province．The results showed that both strawberry yield and planting acreage in Jiangsu Province increased unceasingly，and ranked the second in China in 2016．But，its per unit yield was only 65%-75% of the other main production provinces（Shandong，Liaoning，Hebei）．The low specialization degree and concentration coefficient were mainly caused by lower per unit yield．The obvious comprehensive comparative advantage was mainly due to the advantages in efficiency and scale．The main factors restricting the concentration ratio and competitiveness of strawberry industry in Jiangsu Province were too single variety；low standard production level，low proportion of virus-free seedlings，low scale of seedling breeding，serious continuous cropping obstacles，low degree of industrial organization，poor awareness for brand and inadequate propaganda．Hereby，this paper put forward some countermeasures to upgrade the concentration ratio and competitiveness of strawberry industry in Jiangsu Province．
Taking the main planting area of‘Majianghongsuan’，Xianchang Town Majiang County of Guizhou Province as a sample，this paper studied the plantation area，cultivation management mode，and yield of‘Majianghongsuan’by methods of interview，investigation and measure，etc．The paper also analyzed the reasons for cultivation area decreasing and yield declining．The results indicated that the total cultivation areas of‘Majianghongsuan’in Xianchang Town of Majiang County was 133.4 hm2，but the average planting area per household was smaller．About 35% of the households planted garlic less than 667 m2．The overall garlic yield was low with an average of 6.525 t · hm-2，significantly lower than that of 12.600 t · hm-2 in 2005．Besides，there were many problems existed，like not strict seed selection，too low plantation density，too late sowing，simplified fertilization，and extensive management，so countermeasures and suggestions were put forward as：selecting good garlic bulbs as seeds，grading seeds before sowing，rational planting density，and balanced fertilization，etc．
‘Shouyanmengyang’ is a new F1 hybrid of sheep-horn pepper developed by crossing‘CSVHPM1407001’ as female parent and ‘CSVHPF1407002’ as male parent．The plant has strong growth vigor and successive fruit-setting ability．Its fruit is of long sheep-horn shape．The fruit is 25-30 cm in length，3-4 cm in shoulder width．Its immature fruit is yellow green in color，and the mature one is red in color．Its fruits has bright peel with，good commodity．It is tolerant to storage and transportation．The single fruit weight is about 100 g．It tastes hot and is suitable for fresh-eating．Its resistance to virus，anthrax and phytophthora in fields is stronger than that of the contrast‘ Xiyangyang’．The fresh pepper yield under protected cultivation can reach about 192.6 t · hm-2．It is suitable for planting in protected fields in early spring and late autumn in Shandong，Hebei Provinces，etc．regions．
‘Lvyuan No. 7’ is a cucumber F1 hybrid developed by crossing North China type female line‘72’as female parent and North China type inbred line‘R34’as male parent．The plant has strong growth vigor．The first female flower sets at the 4-6th node of the main vine，and later all nodes are female flowers．The commercial fruit is about 32 cm in length with short handle．Its peel is green and glossy with light wax powder，small tumor，small heart cavity．The fruit is prickly．Its flesh is light geen in color with good flavor and good quality．It is resistant to powdery mildew，and medium resistance to downy mildew．The average yield in greenhouse cultivation is 105 t · hm-2．It is suitable for cultivation in Liaoning，Jiling，Shandong Province，etc. regions over wintering，in spring greenhouse and under plastic shelter．
‘Q-nuo No.5’is a high yielding and high quality waxy corn F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘715-10’as female parent and‘8300-22’as male parent．The average plant height is 237.0 cm．Its ear height is 99.9 cm，and ear length is 19.5 cm．Its ear is of cone type，thick and large．There are 14-18 rows in one ear and the average kernels per row is 36.6．Its kernel is big in size and white in color．The kernels are in alignment with good commodity appearance．After cooking，it tastes sweet and delicious．The peel is thin without dregs．Amylopectin content takes up to 98.1% of the total starch content．It is medium resistant to banded sclerotial blight．It can yield about13.5 t · hm-2 and the fresh kernel yield is about 8.7-9.6 t · hm-2．It is suitable for planting in Sichuan Province，Chongqing and areas with similar ecological conditions．
‘Suzhen No.2’ is a F1 hybrid of pumpkin type watermelon special rootstock，developed by crossing inbred line 15S-32 （Cucurbita maxcima） from India as female parent and 15S-27（Cucurbita maxcima）from India as male parent．This rootstock germinated in order and has light green and thick strong stalk．Its medullar cavity is solid．The cotyledons are open and flat，and of moderate size．It is easy to operate grafting．Its grafting has good compatibility，high survival rate，and high resistance to watermelon Fusarium wilt．In fields，its resistance to vine blight is stronger than that of the contrast‘ Jingxinzhen No.4’．In early stage，it is tolerant to cold and in late stage，its heat tolerance is prominent．The grafted seedlings will not get premature senility in late growth stage．It is easy to set fruit and has better yield increasing effect，averagely over 12.3%．It has less influence on fruit quality，but can increase the central sugar content in fruit．Its comprehensive properties are good．It is suitable for grafted cultivation in early spring in Jiangsu Province and similar areas．
