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01 February 2021, Volume 1 Issue 2
    

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  • Current Situation of Tomato Industry in China During‘ The Thirteenth Five-year Plan’ Period and Future Prospect
    China Vegetables. 2021, 1(2): 13-20.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    During‘The Thirteenth Five-year Plan’period，tomato industry in China continued its development steadily．Tomato production had gradually formed a more obvious preponderant region．It had ensured the annual supply，cultivated a batch of new tomato varieties adapted to market consumption needs．Meanwhile，rapid progress in applied basic research had been made．This paper reviewed the newest research progress and achievements made in tomato production，market，new varieties selective breeding，and breeding technology during the past 5 years．The paper also analyzed the existing problems and development tendency．
  • Status in Breeding and Production of Capsicum spp. in China During‘The Thirteenth Five-year Plan’Period and Future Prospect
    WANG Lihao，ZHANG Baoxi，ZHANG Zhenghai，CAO Yacong，YU Hailong，FENG Xigang
    China Vegetables. 2021, 1(2): 21-29.
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    During‘The Thirteenth Five-year Plan’period，research activities on pepper genetics and breeding were supported by state Ministry of Science and Technology，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，and various local financial departments．Thus，all work had gained rapid development，providing strong support to the healthy development of pepper production and rural revitalization．This paper reviewed the development of genetic breeding of Capsicum spp., production and market situation in China during this period．The paper also prospected the future development of pepper genetics and breeding，and production development．
  • Theory and Technology for Facility Cultivation of High-quality Tomato
    TIAN Yongqiang，GAO Lihong
    China Vegetables. 2021, 1(2): 30-40.
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    China is a country with the highest tomato production quantity in the world，and its tomato production is mainly by facility cultivation．Since the production scale is stable with each passing day，high-quality cultivation has become an important development direction．However，at present，high-quality tomato cultivation is still in an initial exploratory stage in China．A technology that can be widely applied and extended in production is still lacking．Therefore，this paper reviewed the 3 major strategies for promoting tomato fruit quality （i.e. variety/rootstock selection，environmental regulation and control，agronomic measures）on the basis of expounding the composition of tomato fruit quality （appearance quality，internal quality and sensory quality）．Finally，the paper summarized all kinds of technique associated with high-quality tomato facility cultivation．
  • Application Status of Fungicides Against Crop Gray Mold in China
    Zhang Zhengwei，Chen Xiu，SHI Xiaoyuan，Cheng Wei，WU Xiangwen，DAI Fuming
    China Vegetables. 2021, 1(2): 41-46.
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    Gray mold is a worldwide plant fungal disease caused by Botrytis sp. infection．It is particularly harmful to solanaceous vegetables and berries fruits．Along with the level improvement in agricultural cultivation intensification and increasingly abundant of plant varieties in China，the occurrence damage of gray mold in China has become increasingly serious and complicated．Chemical control has been an indispensable and important tool for the prevention and control of gray mold．This paper summarized the application status of fungicides against crop gray mold in China through querying the registration information of the Chinese pesticide information network，hoping to provide references for scientific controlling of gray mold．
  • Bioinformatics Analysis of CIPK Gene Family in Solanum habrochaites and Functional Study under Low Temperature
    CHAI Chang，DI Chengqian，WANG Yang，WANG Aoxue
    China Vegetables. 2021, 1(2): 47-57.
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    CIPK gene family is a critical family in Ca2+ mediated plant signal transduction pathway，which plays a key role in plant stress response and growth．Based on Solanum habrochaites whole genome information，this experiment screened out 24 ShCIPK gene family members，which were divided into 5 subgroups by phylogenetic analysis，and there were 5 gene duplication pairs inside of family members．Subcellular localization analysis showed that most of the ShCIPK genes were located in cytoplasm，while a few were located in plasma membrane，nucleus and mitochondria．The results of multicollinearity analysis indicated that there are 14 and 12 genes in the CIPK gene family of Arabidopsis and cultivated tomato，being collinear with Solanum habrochaites．The result of promoter cis-acting elements prediction analysis identified that ShCIPK family genes contained relevant elements responsive to light，phytohormone，and cold stresses，etc．Real time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of ShCIPK2、ShCIPK17、ShCIPK19 were significantly enhanced under low temperature stress，suggesting that these 3 genes might play an important role in the response of Solanum habrochaites to low temperature stress．
  • Molecular Identification and Comparison of Horticultural Characters of Homonuclear-allocytoplasm Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line in Orange Chinese Cabbage
    WANG Ruofan，MA Shuai，CHEN Lin，LU Qianqian，MENG Yan，ZHANG Lugang
    China Vegetables. 2021, 1(2): 58-63.
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    Taking a pair of homonuclear-allocytoplasm cytoplasmic male sterile（ha-CMS）lines of orange Chinese cabbage and their maintainer lines as material，this experiment carried out studies on cytoplasmic sterility genes，genetic diversity identification，observation and comparison of horticultural characters．Results of molecular identification indicated that‘18C5’carried orf138 sterility gene，‘18C6’carried orf138 and orf222 sterility genes at the same time；the genetic similarity coefficients of‘18C5’，‘18C6’and their maintainer lines were 91.11% and 93.76%，respectively．Results of horticultural characters observation showed that the similarities of 2 male sterile lines and maintainer lines were different．The similarity between‘18C5’and‘15S1094’was higher at rosette stage，and similarity between‘18C6’and‘15S1094’was higher at maturation period．The single plant weight and single head weight of these 2 ha-CMS lines were all larger than that of the maintainer line，showing certain superiority．The observation at flowering period showed that the buds of these 2 ha-CMS lines‘18C5’and‘18C6’were all abortive under low temperature in early flowering stage．But，the flowering was normal in middle and late stages．The flower colors of the male sterile line and maintainer line were the same．The stamen，filament length of‘18C5’and‘18BC6’were extremely significant smaller than that of the maintainer line．The anthers of the 2 ha-CMS lines were shriveled and degenerated．They were all sterile without pollen．The nectary of the 2 ha-CMS lines were normal．They could attract bees to pollinate and produce seeds normally．
  • Genetic Diversity Analysis of Watercress Germplasm Resources Based on Phenotypic Traits and SNP Markers
    JI Qun，LI Shuangmei，ZHU Honglian，KE Weidong
    China Vegetables. 2021, 1(2): 64-71.
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    This paper investigated and analyzed 8 agronomic traits of 19 watercress accessions originated from different regions at home and abroad，conserved in Wuhan National Germplasm Repository for Aquatic Vegetables．The paper also carried out reduced-representation sequencing on watercress germplasm resources by specific length amplified fragment sequencing（ SLAF-seq technology） and studied the genetic diversity．The results showed that the variation of all the qualitative traits（leaf colour，stem colour，top leaflet shape）was not obvious．The variable coefficient of quantitative characters（top leaflet length，top leaflet width，plant height，stem diameter，stipe length） were lower（7.69%-16.45%），indicating a narrow scope for quantitative characters variation．But，there were individuals with fine properties still existing，such as ‘yangguang-2 watercress’，‘damiaochangyesheng watercress’ and ‘yulongxueshan watercress’．They could be selected for breeding．A total of 49.21 Mb read data，355 141 high quality SLAF tags and 33 386 polymorphism SLAF tags were obtained by using SLAF-seq technology．Moreover，102 704 high quality SNP sites were developed and obtained from 33 386 polymorphic SLAF tags．Clustering analysis based on 8 phenotypic traits divided the 19 accessions of watercress germplasm resources into 2 categories，similar to the results gained based on SNP clustering analysis．Population structure analysis and PCA analysis all divided these 19 accessions of watercress germplasm resources into one group，indicating that although there existed variation in phenotype，the genetic background was narrow and genetic diversity level was low．The genetic diversity exponential π value of landrace and wild watercress was 0.012 1 and 0.012 2，respectively，the diversity differentiation index between landrace and wild watercress was low（Fst = 0.030 2），indicating that landrace and wild watercress was all belonged to one group．The results showed that the suspected wild watercress widely distributed in the fields of China might not be wild resources，but formed by escapes from cultivated varieties，and all resources were likely to originate from the same cultivated type．
  • Effects of Exogenous Myo-inositol on Low Temperature Resistance of Cucumber Seedlings
    MIAO Tiantian，LI Qiang，YU Hongjun，LIU Peng，HAO Jia，JIANG Weijie
    China Vegetables. 2021, 1(2): 72-79.
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    Taking cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）‘9930’as test material, this paper studied the effect of spaying myo-inositol（MI，0.8 g · L-1）on cucumber plant resistance and expression level of key gene - CsMIOX1（myo-inositol oxygenase gene）under low temperature（6 ℃）．The result indicated that under low temperature condition comparing with the treatment without spraying MI，spraying MI could significantly increase the biomass，decrease the electrolyte leakage rate．Under low temperature stress，the AsA contents of cucumber leaves treated by spraying MI were significantly higher than that of those without spraying MI 12-24 hours after treatment．The AsA content reached the maximum value，12 hours after treatment, which was increased by 131.27% than that of the CK．After 24 hours low temperature treatment，the SOD and POD activities of MI treatment were always higher than that of without MI treatment．After 12-48 hours under low temperature treatment，the H2O2 content of MI treatment was always significantly lower than that of without MI treatment．Until 48 hours，the MDA content in MI treatment was notably lower than that of without MI treatment．By 24 hours after chilling treatment, the contents of soluble sugar and proline of MI treatment were significantly higher than that of without MI treatment by 54.62% and 155.50%，respectively．After spraying MI，the expression level of CsMIOX1 went up significantly．Exogenous MI treatment stimulated the AsA composition．In conclusion，spraying MI can alleviate the damage of low temperature to cucumber，increase AsA content and activity of antioxidant enzyme system under chilling stress，and improve plant cold resistance．
  • Effects of Different Selenium Application Methods on Lettuce Yield，Selenium Content and Selenium Conversion Rate
    YUAN Weiling，LIU Zhixiong，WU Jinping，YIN Hongqing，CHEN Leifu
    China Vegetables. 2021, 1(2): 80-84.
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    The Selenium（Se） absorption characteristics of 4 lettuce varieties were studied by applying Se （0.2 g · m-2）in soil as exogenous selenium．The results showed that the selenium contents of 4 lettuce varieties were‘Fangni’＞‘Luoshalyu’＞‘Naiyouhong’＞‘Xiangyehong’．Taking‘Fangni’as research object，this experiment adopted 3 exogenous selenium adding methods，including applying selenium to soil （0，0.02，0.2，2，20 g · m-2），conducting foliar application（0，50，100，200 mg · kg-1） and soaking seed with selenium（0，50，100 mg · kg-1）；and studied the effects of different applying methods on yield，quality，selenium content and selenium conversion rate of lettuce．The results showed that with the increase of exogenous selenium concentration，the lettuce yield increased first then decreased．While，the total selenium content of lettuce increased significantly．Selenium conversion rate first increased，then decreased，but was always over 80%．After comprehensively comparing the effects of soil application of selenium，foliar spraying and seed soaking with selenium on yield，selenium content and selenium conversion rate of lettuce，we recommended that foliar application of selenium at the rate of 100 mg · kg-1 was the best way and appropriate amount for adding exogenous selenium to lettuce．
  • Studies on Optimized Fertilization of Drip Irrigation for Head Lettuce Facility Cultivation in Autumn at Outskirts of Beijing
    ZHAO Qingchun，CHEN Juan，LIAO Hong，CHEN Suxian，ZHAO Kaili，FU Yucui，HAN Bao，GU Xingyu
    China Vegetables. 2021, 1(2): 85-90.
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    In order to solve the problems of unreasonable fertilizer input and quality decline of head lettuce under the condition of protected soil cultivation，this paper took head lettuce in autumn as test material and studied the effects of optimized fertilization of drip irrigation in facility cultivation on head lettuce yield，quality and economic benefits．The results showed that comparing with the current farmers’habit for fertilization，the optimized fertilization（27-5-21 water-soluble fertilizer in seedling stage，24-4-27 water-soluble fertilizer in rosette and heading stages）could save N，P2O5 and K2O by 34%-49%，0-22% and 22%-39%，respectively and still obtain the same yield；reduce the nitrate content of head lettuce by 14%-20%；and improve economic benefit by 14%-24%．
  • Investigation and Survey on Strawberry Substrate Production in Changping District of Beijing
    MA Xin，ZONG Jing，LU He
    China Vegetables. 2021, 1(2): 91-94.
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    Based on the data obtained from questionnaire survey of strawberry farmer households in Changping District of Beijing，and by descriptive statistical analysis method，this paper analyzed the production situation of strawberry in elevated matrix and ground semi substrate mode．The results showed that comparing with the soil model，the elevated substrate and semi substrate mode had the advantages of saving labor in administration，lowering manpower cost，reducing fertilizer and drug consumption，and presenting beautiful and clean fruit apperance．The main existing problems in production were high substrate price，and the carpopodium at the edge of cultivation groove was easily to be broken．The matching of pest control and nutrient solution was the technique for strawberry substrate cultivation mostly wanted to know by the interviewee．While，the introduction of substrate material was the policy of strawberry substrate cultivation most urgently required by the interviewee．According to the results of investigation and survey，the paper put forward relevant countermeasures from 3 aspects：first，reducing the cost of substrate cultivation and improving the applying level of technology；second，promoting the development of matrix technology by leisurely picking；third，carrying out training and making policy according to the actual needs．
  • A New Processing Cowpea Variety —‘Chenjiang 11’
    XIANG Juan，YANG Jian，YI Changjiang，GUO Changzhan，CHEN Ling
    China Vegetables. 2021, 1(2): 95-98.
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    ‘Chengjiang 11’is a new cowpea variety with mid-maturity developed by crossing‘227’as female parent and‘7104’as male parent through systematic breeding．In spring，the duration from sowing to harvest is 60-65 days．In autumn，its growing period is about 45 days．The whole growth period is about 114 days．As a sprawl plant，the first inflorescence sets at the 4-6th node．The flower is light purple in color，and newly grown pod is light green in color．The pods are straight and even．The pod length is 55-60 cm and single pod weight is 25-30 g．The pod pulp is thick，crisp and tender．Its protein content is 127.0 mg · kg-1 and crude fiber content is 1.95%．Its infused processing performance is excellent．The seed is of kidney shape and seed coat is reddish brown in color．It is tolerant to root rot and in fields its resistance to powdery mildew and virus disease is stronger than that of the contrast‘Zhecui No.4’．It can yield about 30 t · hm-2．It is suitable for open field cultivation in spring and autumn in Sichuan Province．
  • A New Pepper F1 Hybrid －‘Keluo No.5’
    GAO Suyan，LYU Jinggang，JIAO Di，SHANG Jipeng，JIAO Dingliang
    China Vegetables. 2021, 1(2): 98-100.
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    ‘Keluo No.5’is a new spiral pepper F1 hybrid developed by crossing‘TL-25-1’as female parent and‘TL-8-3’as male parent．This variety is of early and medium maturity．Its plant has strong growth vigor．The first flower sets on the 9-10th node．The single plant can bear about 30 fruits．Its fruit shape at the upper and lower layers are consistent．The fruit is of goat-horn shape．There are many wrinkles at its peel．The immature fruit is green in color and matured one is red in color．Its fruit is 25-30 cm in length and about 3.5 cm in width．Its pulp is about 0.35 cm in thickness．The single fruit weight is about 80 g．The VC content is 1 210 mg · kg-1 and capsaicin content is 0.18%．Its fruit tastes spicy．In fields，its resistance to anthrax，virus disease and epidemic disease was stronger than that of the contrast‘Luosijiao No.2’．It can yield about 52.5 t ·hm-2．It is suitable for cultivation in spring in protected fields in Northern China，and open fields in Southern China．
  • A New Potato Variety —‘Longshu No.16’
    LI Jianwu，WEN Guohong，LI Gaofeng，ZHANG Rong，LI Zhang，MA Sheng
    China Vegetables. 2021, 1(2): 101-103.
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    ‘Longshu No.16’is a new potato variety of starch processing type developed by crossing‘Longshu No.8’as female parent and‘Zaodabai’as male parent through sexual hybridization and directional selection．It is of late maturity．The growth period is about 120 days．The plant type is semierect．Its natural firmness is strong．Its stolon is of medium size．The tuber is of oval shape with light yellow peel，yellow pulp，and shallow eyes．The contents of dry matter，raw starch，crude protein，VC and reducing sugar are 25.32%，19.14%，2.56%，133.2 mg · kg-1 and 0.30%，respectively．In fields its resistance to late blight is stronger than that of the contrast‘Longshu No.6’．It can yield about 27 t · hm-2．It is suitable for planting in alpine and dank region，two lower orifices region，and semi-arid region of Gansu Province．
  • A New Fresh Waxy Corn F1 Hybrid —‘Gantiannuo No.3’
    YAN Xiaowen，RAO Yueliang，YAN Tingxian，SUN Jian，YUE Meiwang，LIANG Junchao，ZHOU Hongying
    China Vegetables. 2021, 1(2): 104-106.
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    ‘Gantiannuo No.3’is a new fresh waxy corn F1 hybrid bred by crossing inbred line‘HNM05’as female parent and inbred line‘YN167’as male parent．The plant height is 222.7 cm and ear height is 82.5 cm．Its ear is of conical shape，and 18.4 cm in length，4.8 cm in diameter．There are 14 head progeny rows．The kernels are white in color．Its ear is of sweet and glutinous type．The amylopectin takes up 97.81% of the total starch content．The average yield of fresh ear was about 12 t · hm-2．It takes 90 days from seedling emerge to harvest after spring sowing，and 80 days after autumn sowing．In fields，its resistances to sheath blight，northern leaf blight，southern leaf blight，stem rot，and corn borer are equivalent to those of the contrast‘Suyunuo No.5’．It is suitable for planting in Jiangxi Province and southeastern regions for fresh corn production．
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