01 March 2021, Volume 1 Issue 3

    

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  Research Progress on Eggplant Genetic Breeding During ‘The 13th Five-Year Plan’ Period

  LIU Fuzhong1，SHU Jinshuai1，ZHANG Ying1，CHEN Yuhui1，LIAN Yong1，TIAN Shibing2

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(3): 17-27.

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  During ‘The 13th Five-Year Plan’ period，important research progress has been made in
  eggplant genetic breeding in China．A number of excellent eggplant new germplasm and breeding material
  has been selected and created，a lot of new eggplant varieties with different ecological types were cultivated
  to meet the needs of market consumption．Studies on the whole genome sequencing of eggplant have reached
  the advanced international level．This paper systematically summarized the great progress made during ‘The
  13th Five-Year Plan’period （2016—2020） in applying basic research，breeding technology，germplasm
  innovation and new variety selective breeding of eggplant．The paper also analyzed the major existing problems
  and explored the future development direction．
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  Research Progress on Angular Leaf Spot of Cucumber

  PENG Yue，GU Xingfang，ZHANG Shengping，LI Baoju，XIE Xuewen，BO Kailiang，DONG Shaoyun，MIAO Han

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(3): 28-35.

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  Angular leaf spot（ALS）of cucumber is a serious bacterial disease recently occurred in
  greenhouses．This paper mainly introduced the identification and detection of its pathogenic bacteria，
  identifying method of disease resistance；studied on inheritance rule and genetic mapping of genes with
  disease resistance；screened disease resistant germplasm resources and control measures，etc．The paper
  also discussed the problems existing in current research fields and prospected for the future，hoping to provide
  references for the screening and utilization of ALS-resistant germplasm resources，mapping of disease
  resistance gene and breeding cucumber with ALS-resistance．
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  Development of SCAR Markers Closely Linked with Fusarium Crown and Root Rot in Tomato

  CHENG Lin1，ZHANG Xiaoyan2，WEI Meitian1，LUN Yaoyao3，ZHAO Jing4，WANG Xiaowu5，LI Chuanyou6

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(3): 36-42.

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  Taking advantage of the CAPS marker C2-25 closely linked to the resistant gene Frl to tomato
  Fusarium crown and root rot，this paper developed and designed new SCAR markers to quickly detect the
  dominant resistant gene Frl．Using C2-25 as the primer，this experiment conducted PCR among the 25 known
  phenotypic tomato material through monoclonal sequencing，of which 19 homozygous resistant material all
  containing one same resistant sequence，4 homozygous susceptible material all containing one same susceptible
  sequence，both 2 heterozyous resistant material containing the above mentioned resistant and susceptible
  sequences．According to SNP differences between the resistant and susceptible sequences，we designed
  primers and finally found out primer combination R-6F/2R，S-3F/4R linked to Frl gene and produced 370 bp
  resistant fragment and 520 bp susceptible fragment．Testing the primer combination among 500 F2 plants，
  the genotype of 473 plants were consistent with their phenotype，meaning the accuracy rate was 94.6%．This
  SCAR marker was characterized by high accuracy，low cost and simple operation．Therefor，it can be used in
  gene Frl marker assisted breeding．
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  SRAP and ISSR Analysis on Genetic Diversity of Onion Germplasm Resources

  LIU Xiangping1，DU Minxia1，ZHAO Yan2，WANG Baosheng1，LIU Yan1，LIAN Yong1，DI Jiezeng1，XU Weizhong1

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(3): 43-49.

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  Abstract：The genetic diversity of 58 onion germplasm resources was analyzed by SRAP and ISSR molecular
  marker technology．Nine ISSR primers with better amplification effects were screened out and a total of 105
  clear bands were amplified，including 104 bands with polymorphic sites．The ratio of polymorphic bands
  was 99%．Eleven SRAP primers with better amplification effects were screened out and a total of 132 clear
  bands were amplified，among which 115 were polymorphic loci．The ratio of polymorphic bands was 87%，
  indicating 58 accessions of onion germplasm resource with abundant genetic diversity．The results of clustering
  analysis based on 2 kinds molecular marker indicated that 58 accessions of onion germplasm resource could be
  divided into 4 major categories．The results of these 2 clustering analysis were basically the same，but SRAP
  molecular marker technology could detect more genetic locus，so it was the best molecular marker technology
  for genetic diversity analysis．
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  Effects of Temperature and Growth Regulators on Sex Differentiation of Watermelon

  GONG Shiqi1，LIU Hongbin1，SONG Huijuan1，LI Hao1，LIANG Shaohua3，CHU Xiao1，JIANG Bo2，DAI Sihui1，XIONG Cheng1，SUN Xiaowu1，2*

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(3): 50-56.

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  In order to explore the out-break regularity of watermelon female and male flowers，and
  regulate their flowering sequence，so as to simplify the process of watermelon hybrid seed production，this
  study took watermelon variety ‘Xuelong No.1’ as material；conducted treatments with different temperatures
  and concentrations of ethephon and mepiquat chloride; and statistically calculated the expression of sex
  differentiation in watermelon．This study also measured the endogenous hormone content in the shoot tip of
  watermelon seedling by efficient liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry．Results showed that the
  effect of mepiquat chloride on the expression of sex differentiation in watermelon was related to temperature．
  Under a suitable higher temperature spraying mepiquat chloride could achieve better effect．Under different
  temperatures，the effects of mepiquat chloride were different with the changing of its concentration．The
  effect of promoting the first male flower and the first female flower node position and increasing the number
  of female flowers were the best when spraying mepiquat chloride at a concentration of 400 mg · L-1 under 25
  ℃ /20 ℃．The effects of ethephon on watermelon sex differentiation were significant．All 3 concentrations of
  ethephon could vastly delay the formation of watermelon female flowers．In the former 30 knots，there was
  no expression of female flower development，but only male flower formation．In addition，when spraying
  ethephon and mepiquat chloride simultaneously，the effect of ethephon is dominant．After spraying ethephon，
  the content of various endogenous hormones in watermelon decreased by different degrees．Regardless whether
  it was the endogenous IAA，conducive to the differentiation expression of watermelon female flowers under
  a high level，or the endogenous ABA，JA，GA3 and GA1，conducive to the expression of watermelon male
  flowers under a high level，their contents were lower than that of the CK．
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  Effects of Vinegar and Mushroom Substrate Amendments on Physico-chemical Properties of Continuous Cropping Obstacle Soil and Cultivated Cucumber

  ZHOU Ranran1，CHEN Pei1，GUO Shirong1*，CAI Zhong2

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(3): 57-64.

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  In order to solve the disposal of organic waste including vinegar and mushroom residues，and
  determine the effects of vinegar and mushroom substrate on continuous cropping obstacle soil，this study mixed
  vinegar and mushroom residues at the ratio of 1∶3，1∶1 and 3∶1（V∶V） as soil substrate amendments，
  and added the continuous cropping obstacle soil with ratios of 1∶10，1∶8 and 1∶5（V∶V）to investigate
  their roles on soil physico-chemical properties，soil enzyme activity，plant growth，fruit yield and quality of
  cultivated cucumber．The results showed that application of vinegar-mushroom residue substrate amendment had
  decreased the soil bulk density，increased the contents of organic carbon and nutrient，pH value，soil aeration
  porosity and soil enzyme activity．Comparing with CK，the organic carbon content increased by 26.6%-144.8%．
  Contents of total nitrogen，total phosphorus and calcium increased by 12.94%-85.57%，14.89%-43.26% and
  13.48%-75.85%，respectively．The increasing amplitudes of alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus contents
  were 6.84%-25.68% and 16.26%-41.55%．Meanwhile，vinegar-mushroom residue substrate amendment had
  promoted the absorption and utilization of water and nutrients by cucumber plants，which is beneficial for plant
  growth and fruit yield and quality improvement，and also for effectively relieving the soil damage by continuous
  cropping．Comparing with CK，the plant dry weight above the ground had increased by 2.45%-40.28%，
  of which A2 treatment had the highest fruit yield increase by 19.81%．The results of grey correlation analysis
  indicated that comparing with the other treatments，adding vinegar and mushroom residues substrate amendment
  （1∶1，V∶V） with the continuous cropping soil at the ratio of 1∶10（V∶V） could significantly improve soil
  physico-chemical properties，promote cucumber growth and increase yield．
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  Comparative Analysis for Phenotypic Traits of Nanou Garlic （Allium ampeloprasum L.） Sexual Propagated Progeny Strain

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(3): 65-70.

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  Nanou garlic is a closely related species of garlic．Understanding its developmental
  characteristics and growth dynamic rule can provide references for the fertility mechanism，industrial
  development and germplasm innovation of cultivated garlic．This experiment conducted analysis and
  comparison on phenotypic characters of Nanou garlic sexual propagated progeny strains．The result indicated
  that the plant height，plant width，leaf length of Nanou garlic progeny strains during the phase taking
  vegetative growth as the main object，showed a developmental pattern of slow growth in the early stage，rapid
  growth in the middle stage and slow growth in the later stage．While，at the end of growth stage its plant width
  decreased first then rose again．As a whole，all strains grew vigorously between April 16-April 20，a critical
  period for the growth management of Nanou garlic．The variation coefficients of morphological traits ranged
  from 19.56%-27.35%．That of relative chlorophyll content was 24.87%，of which the 8N540-11 strain with
  excellent comprehensive phenotypic traits had better application prospect．
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  Explore and Analysis on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Chlorenchyma Inside Succulent Stem of Asparagus Lettuce

  ZHU Junjie1，WANG Tianshun2，YA yu2，LIAO jie2，YAN Feiyan2

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(3): 71-77.

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  In order to explore and analyze the potential photosynthetic ability of deep green tissues
  inside stem of asparagus lettuce and possible maintain mechanism，so as to provide theoretical reference for
  improving the yield and quality of asparagus lettuce，this paper took field planted asparagus lettuce as material
  and leaves as reference，contrastively detected the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in the upper，
  middle and lower segments of deep tissue inside the stem，and chlorophyll，water and zeatin contents; and
  analyzed the relevance between them．The results showed that the values of maximum photochemical efficiency
  Fv/Fm in the middle and upper stem segments were above 0.75，amounting to the leaves of many other higher
  plants．While，the Fv/Fm value in the lower stem segment was relatively lower．Seeing from the results
  of chlorophyll fluorescence induction，the photochemical energy consumption of the upper and middle stem
  segments occupied bigger proportion than the lower segment．While，tissues in the lower segment took a
  larger proportion of constitutive energy dissipation．Besides，The relative electron transport rates in tissues of
  each asparagus lettuce stem were significantly weaker than that in leaves，but its absolute values were not low
  as compared with the leaves of many other higher plants．The content of chlorophyll based on fresh weight in
  leaves was significantly higher than that in stem tissues，of which that in the middle segment stem tissue was
  the highest．Stem tissues contained more water and zeatin content than the leaves．Especially，these contents
  in the middle segment tissues were the highest．The contents of chlorophyll，water and zeatin in each segment
  of stem tissues were positively correlated．Based on these data，we believed that the deep tissues of asparagus
  lettuce stem had stronger photosynthetic potential．The high content of zeatin could promote the tissues in stem
  keeping long-term green state under dark condition．At the same time，chlorophyll in these green tissues could
  be a matter maintaining high water contents in stem and directly influencing the yield and quality of asparagus
  lettuce．
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  Suppressing Effects for Piercing Pests on Protected Watermelon by Thiamethoxam Drenching and Predatory Mites#br#

  ZHANG Yan1，WANG Pei2，ZHANG Youjun1，XU Baoyun1，WANG Shaoli1*

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(3): 78-82.

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  Abstract：Aphids，whiteflies，thrips and spider mites，etc. are common piercing pests for vegetables and
  melons in protected cultivation．These pests occur in the same region during the same period．The chemical
  control for aphids，whiteflies and thrips often relies on the neonicotinoid pesticides．However，such kind of
  insecticides are unable to control the spider mite population．In order to solve this problem，this experiment
  used neonicotinoid pesticide thiamethoxam to irrigate the roots at the seedling stage，and released for 2 times
  the natural enemy Phytoseiulus persimilis（ Acari：Phytoseiidae）during the growth period of watermelon．
  Taking these measures，the field population of above piercing pests could be significantly reduced，and the
  control efficacy was 78.10%-97.42%，achieving the cooperative control effect．
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  Characterization of Pectobacterium aroidearum Causing Konjac Soft Rot and Biocontrol Effect of Bacillus velezensis

  CUI Shuang1，2，CHEN Changlong2，FENG Jiahao3，CAO Ying3，KOU Xiaomin2，FU Lu2，ZHANG Rongping1*，XIE Hua2*

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(3): 83-93.

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  This study isolated and purified 3 strains of konjac soft rot pathogen（ MY7，MY11 and MY18）
  from the suffering plants grown in konjac production areas of Fuyuan and Chuxiong in Yunnan Province and
  Yibin in Sichuan Province；determined the biological characteristics and phylogenetic systematics by analyzing
  their morphological，pathogenic and molecular characteristics；and also evaluated the biocontrol effect of
  Bacillus velezensis on konjac soft rot．The results showed that strains MY7，MY11 and MY18 could all produce
  pectinase，belonging to motilegram-negative rod bacterium，and their PCR products with specific primers
  were consistent with Pectobacterium aroidearum KC20．Based on the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA and
  pmrA gene sequences，these 3 strains were clustered with the known P. aroidearum strains together into one
  clade，within the genus Pectobacterium．The genome-wide average nucleotide identity（ANI）values between
  the 3 strains，and with P. aroidearum PC1 and KC20 strains were higher than the threshold（95%-96%） of
  the same species．Therefore，these 3 strains were identified as P. aroidearum．Carbon source utilization
  analysis by Biolog GEN III plates and several important physiological and biochemical tests showed that their
  characteristics were mostly consistent with those of P. aroidearum SCRI 109T and P. aroidearum KC20．By
  artificial inoculation，MY18 could infect multiple vegetable crops and ornamental plants，and all the tested 7 B.
  velezensis strains could inhibit their growth in an plate antagonism assay．The biocontrol effect on konjac soft
  rot caused by MY18 of B. velezensis strains （BPC16 and W2-7） were 43.01% and 31.99%，respectively under
  greenhouse potting conditions，indicating that B. velezensis has potential to effectively biocontrol P. aroidearum．
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  A New Pepper F₁ Hybrid —‘Hongla No.2’

  ZHU Wenchao1，HU Mingwen1*，LIAO Fangfang1，SU Dan1，BAI Liwei1，GAO Gang2

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(3): 94-96.

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  Abstract：‘Hongla No.2’is a new fresh and dry dual-type pepper F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred
  line‘P906’as female parent and inbred line‘J6216-2’as male parent．It is of mid-early maturity．The
  plant type is compact．The plant has strong growth vigor．Its successive fruit setting ability is also strong．The
  fruit is of thin sheep horn shape．Its fruit surface is smooth with micro fold．The fruit is 16-18 cm in length and 1.5
  cm in width．Its pulp is 0.18 cm in thickness．The single fruit weigh is 15-18 g．The immature fruit is light
  green in color and matured one is bright red in color．It tastes fragrant hot．The VC content is 585.0 mg · kg-1．
  In fields，its resistance to virus disease and Phytophthora blight is stronger than that of the contrast‘Xiangla
  No.2’．It can yield about 24 t · hm-2．It is suitable for greenhouse planting in early spring or open fields
  cultivation in spring and summer at Guizhou Province and regions with similar climate conditions．
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  A New Watermelon F1 Hybrid —‘Xiuya No.2’

  ZHU Xuerong1，MA Feiming1，XU Liting1，MENG Yan1，ZHANG Bohu1，WANG Yongchao1，WEN Yajun1*，ZHANG Yongmin1，WANG Hualing2

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(3): 96-98.

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  Abstract：‘Xiuya No.2’is a new early-maturing watermelon F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred
  line‘TH0912’as female parent and inbred line‘TH098’as male parent．In spring open field cultivation its
  whole growth period is 108 days and the fruit development period is 31 days．The single fruit weight is around 4.5
  kg．The pericarp is 10 mm in thickness．The fruit is of round shape，green in color with dark green stripes．
  The flesh is red in color and tastes crisp．The central sugar content is 11.9%．In fields，its resistance to blight
  and powdery mildew is equivalent to the contrast‘Jingxin No.1’．It can yield about 43.5 t · hm-2．It is suitable
  for protected and open field cultivation in Shaanxi，Anhui，Hebei，and Shandong Provinces．
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  A New Luffa F1 Hybrid —‘Zaojiasigua’

  TANG Kelan，KUANG Bifeng*，CHEN Zuhua，LIU Zhihua，JIANG Ke

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(3): 99-101.

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  Abstract：‘Zaojiasigua’is an extreme early-maturing luffa F1 hybrid bred by crossing inbred
  line‘X02’as female parent and inbred line‘H5’as male parent．In early spring cultivation，the first female
  flower sets on the 6-9th node of the main vine．The plant growth vigor is strong．It takes 58-62 days from
  field planting to first harvesting．The whole growth period is about 120 days．Its fruit is of long cylindrical
  shape with 32.2-40.4 cm vertical diameter and 4.5-5.8 cm transverse diameter．The fruit peel is green in color．
  The single fruit weight is 0.82-1.10 kg．The VC content is 254.6 mg · kg-1．The protein content is 7.8 g ·
  kg-1．Its quality is good．In fields，its resistances to Phytophthora blight，downy mildew and powdery mildew
  are stronger than that of the contrast‘Hengyangchangsigua’．It can yield about 40.5 t · hm-2．It is suitable for
  cultivation in Hunan Province and Yungui Plateau by facility and open field cultivation．
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  A New Waxy Corn F₁ Hybrid —‘Henuo 101’

  LIU Shuanglu1，SUN Yizhen2，HAO Shuiyuan1，SU Zhifang1，WANG Haiwei1，CUI Chao1

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(3): 102-105.

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  Abstract：‘Henuo 101’is a new fresh edible，silage dual-purpose and processing type waxy corn F1
  hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘HY107’as female parent and inbred line‘HY103’as male
  parent．It is of medium maturity．Its growth period is about 92 days．The plant growth vigor is strong．The
  plant type is semi-compact．The plant height is 249.2 cm，and ear height is 116.0 cm．Its ear is of long taper
  type， 19.8 cm in length，and 5.1 cm in thickness．There are about 14 ear rows．Its grains are milk white in
  color with thin peel．It tastes sweet and waxy．Its soluble sugar content is 6.17%．The amylopectin accounts
  for 99.9% of the total starch content．It is medium resistant to curvularia leaf spot，stem rot，maize borer，
  leaf blight，and head smut．It can yield about 15 t · hm-2 fresh ear．It is suitable for cultivation in the areas of
  Inner Mongolia with temperature ≥ 10 ℃ and above 2 200 effective accumulated temperature．