01 April 2021, Volume 1 Issue 4

    

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  Research Progress on Cucumber Genetic Breeding During ‘The Thirteenth Five-year Plan’ in China

  ZHANG Shengping，MIAO Han，BO Kailiang，DONG Shaoyun，GU Xingfang

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(4): 16-26.

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  During the “Thirteenth Five-year Plan”period，cucumber basic research for application
  developed rapidly in China，molecular breeding technology advanced continuously，gene editing technology
  has achieved break through，and new varieties have been upgraded．This paper summarized the latest
  progress made in the past 5 years from the aspects of activating research on cucumber gene with important
  agronomic traits and function，molecular marker technology，haplotype breeding，transgenic and gene editing
  technology，germplasm resource evaluation and screening, breeding material innovation，and new variety
  selective breeding，etc．The paper also analyzed the existing problems and prospected the future works．
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  Research Progress on Heat Stress and Heat Tolerance in Solanaceous Vegetables

  YU Chuying，YIN Yanxu，Wang Fei，LI Ning，GAO Shenghua，Juntawong Niran，WU Jun，JIAO Chunhai，YAO Minghua

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(4): 27-40.

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  Solanaceous vegetables are one of the most important fruits and vegetables in vegetable production
  in China．However，extreme weather such as high temperature etc. has seriously restricted their growth and
  development，damaged their yield and quality．Therefore，it is particularly urgent to carry out studies on heat
  tolerance of solanaceous vegetables．This paper reviewed the effects of heat stress on growth，development and
  physiological metabolism of solanaceous vegetables；research progress made on identification of heat tolerance，
  mechanism of heat stress response and heat tolerance，and measures to improve heat tolerance，etc．The paper
  also prospected the future research direction，aiming at providing methods and ideas for further analysis of heat
  tolerance mechanism，and improving studies on heat tolerance of solanaceous vegetables．
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  Application of Genome-wide Association Study in Vegetable Breeding

  ZENG Meijuan，LIU Jianting，ZHUO Lingling，CHEN Mindong，YE Xinru，WANG Bin，ZHU Haisheng*，WEN Qingfang

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(4): 41-47.

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  Genome-wide association study（GWAS）is a method efficiently associating phenotype with
  genotype，and being used in genetic mapping and searching for candidate genes with related traits．It can be
  used to carry out associated analysis on multiple complex traits at the same time，and is widely used in vegetable
  breeding．This paper reviewed the method of whole genome association analysis；summarized its application
  recently in studying the related traits，including quality，yield and resistance during vegetable growth and
  development process．The paper also looked forward to its application prospect in vegetable breeding．
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  Morphological Characteristic Changes in Floral Bud Differentiation Process of Welsh Onion

  YANG Guodong，LI Na，JIA Junxiang，Tian Yun，JIANG Xintao，CUI Lianwei

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(4): 53-58.

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  In order to clarify morphological characteristic in the floral bud differentiation process of Welsh
  onion（Allium fistulosum L. var. giganteum Makino），this study took easy bolting variety‘Liaocong No.5’ and
  tolerant bolting variety ‘Tianguangyiben’ as test material；conducted artificial low-temperature vernalization
  at seedling stage；observed the floral differentiation process and changes of morphological characteristic in
  green Welsh onion by anatomical lens；and divided the period of floral bud differentiation．The results showed
  that the floral bud differentiation process and changes in morphological characteristic of these 2 Welsh onion
  varieties with different bolting ways were basically the same．They could be classified into 4 phases including
  induction stage，initial stage of flower bud differentiation，inflorescence and flower primordium differentiation
  stage，flower organ differentiation stage．Plant transformed from nutrional growth to reproductive growth
  when vegetative growth cone turned into a central convex ring form，might being considered as the initial
  sign of the floral bud differentiation of Welsh onion．The closure or impending closure of the involucral
  bracts was considered as signs for beginning of the inflorescence and flower primordium differentiation
  stage．When the flower stem extended to 5-10 mm，an oblate outer peripheral primordium and a spherical
  outer stamen primordium formed at the apex of each triangle flower primordium on the upper part of the
  inflorescence axis，marking the initiation of flower organ differentiation．Floral organ differentiation entered
  into late stage when 30% top florets opened after involucral cracking．There were larger differences between the
  induction durations of‘Liaocong No.5 ’and ‘Tianguangyiben’，by 20 days and 35 days，respectively．The
  duration of initial flower bud differentiation，inflorescence primordia and floral primordia differentiation，floral
  organ differentiation were similar，being 10 days，15 days，and 30 days，respectively．
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  Establishment of a Regeneration System in Wax Gourd（ Benincasa hispida Cogn.）

  LI Zhifang，YAN Jinqiang，HAN Xiangfeng，XIE Dasen，LIU Wenrui，WU Qianhui，JIANG Biao

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(4): 59-63.

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  In this study，taking cotyledon nodes as explants，the effects of different proportions and
  concentrations of hormones and days of dark culture on cotyledon node callus-induced regeneration buds were
  optimized，the effect of different concentrations of hormone combinations on adventitious bud proliferation
  were studied，and the rooting and transplanting of regenerated seedlings were tested，finally we established
  a relatively comprehensive set of regeneration system of wax gourd cotyledon nodes．According to the result
  of orthogonal experiment，the optimum combination for inducing adventitious bud differentiation was MS +
  2，4-D 0.1 mg · L^-1 + IBA 0.10 mg · L^-1 + 6-BA 0.8 mg · L^-1 after 7 days dark culture；and the time of dark
  culture and concentration of 2，4-D were major factors affecting regeneration．The best medium for proliferation
  of adventitious bud was MS + NAA 0.05 mg · L^-1 + 6-BA 0.2 mg · L^-1，with a proliferation coefficient of 2.487．
  The rooting rate of the regenerated seedlings on the rooting medium was 100% on 1/2MS + NAA 0.2 mg · L^-1
  and the survival rate of the domesticated seedlings was more than 80% after transplanting．
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  Establishment of Identification Method for Resistance to Bacterial Angular Leaf Spot in Chinese Cabbage

  REN Junhui，LIU Yan，JI Jingjing，CHEN Zhiqiang，ZHANG Yaowei

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(4): 64-68.

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  Recently damages brought by bacterial angular leaf spot to Chinese cabbage in north and
  northeastern China has been aggravated year by year．Breeding cultivars resistant to angular leaf spot
  has become an important research direction for breeding of Chinese cabbage．But until now a complete
  identification method for Chinese cabbage resistance to angular leaf spot has not yet been established．
  This experiment carried out isolation and identification on pathogen of bacterial angular leaf spot in Chinese
  cabbage planted at the experiment and practice base of Northeast Agricultural University，and confirmed this
  pathogen was Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall．Taking this isolate as inoculating pathogen and
  Chinese cabbage inbred line A224-1 as test material，this experiment adopted orthogonal experiment design of
  L₉（3⁴），analyzed the effects of inoculation temperature，inoculation humidity and seedling age on occurrence
  of bacterial angular leaf spot．The experiment also took inbred line 264-1-1，203-1 and 331-1 as test material
  to screen out appropriate inoculating concentration．The results showed that the optimal condition combination
  for occurrence of bacterial angular leaf spot in Chinese cabbage was 25-30 ℃ inoculation temperature 90%-
  100% inoculation humidity 7-8 leaf-stage seedling age，and optimal inoculation concentration was 1 × 10¹⁰
  cfu · mL^-1．
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  Effects of Foliage Spraying of GeO₂ on Germanium Accumulation and Nutritional Qualities of Garlic

  QI Xiaofang，LI Xiaxia，LIU Zhongxiao，CHENG Zhihui

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(4): 69-74.

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  Germanium is one of the important functional components of garlic．Garlic is naturaly rich
  in germanium and possesses higher health efficacy and medicinal value．However，depending on natural
  germanium preservation store could cause problems as lower content and unstable levels．Taking garlic cultivar
  ‘G110’ as test material，this experiment sprayed different concentrations of GeO₂ solutions（3，6，9，12 mg ·
  L^-1） by different times（once，twice，third times）；and studied the effects of exogenous germanium on garlic
  germanium accumulation and nutrient quality．The results showed that the exogenous germanium concentration
  extremely significantly affected the germanium content of garlic scape and bulb，and the spraying frequency
  and their interactions only influenced the germanium content in garlic scape significantly．The Ge content in
  garlic scape reached 27.00 μg · kg^-1 when spraying 12 mg · L^-1 GeO₂ once on the leaf surface. Ge content was
  increased by 66.9% comparing with the contrast（0 mg · L^-1）．At the same time，the soluble protein content of
  garlic scape was higher．Among all treatment combinations，the Ge content of bulb reached the highest level
  of 4.02 μg · kg^-1 by spraying 9 mg · L^-1 GeO₂ once．Therefore，9-12 mg · L^-1 GeO₂ solution can be sprayed on
  garlic leaves during seedling establishment period for cultivation of Ge-rich garlic．
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  Effect of Earthworm Activities on Growth，Yield of Continuous-cropping Lily and Fusarium Wilt Control

  LU Yaoxiong，GAO Peng，LI Mianyong，CUI Xinwei，ZHU Xiaoqi，PENG Fuyuan，DAI Liangying

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(4): 75-81.

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  By pot experiments method，this paper studied the effect of earthworm activities on the
  growth，yield，soil bulk density，rhizosphere microflora of continuous-cropping lily，and Fusarium
  wilt control．The paper also analyzed the correlation between continuous-cropping lily Fusarium wilt and
  rhizosphere soil biological characteristics．The results showed that the control effect of earthworm inoculation
  on Fusarium wilt in continuous-cropping lily was obviously better than that of applying earthworm dung．
  Comparing with the application of chemical fertilizer treatment，its wilt control effect was 53.42%，and lily
  yield increases was 9.94%．The earthworm activities could increase soil moisture content，total porosity，
  which are beneficial for seedling emerge ahead of schedule and growth，development of continuous-cropping
  lily．Furthermore，earthworms activities had significantly enriched the count of bacterium and actinomycetes
  in rhizosphere soil，while effectively brought down the number of fungus including Fusarium，thus reduced
  the incidence rate and disease index of continuous-cropping lily wilt．To sum up，earthworm activities can
  optimize the soil physical and chemical properties and microbial flora，reduce the occurrence of Fusarium wilt
  in continuous cropping lily，and alleviate the obstacle for lily continuous-cropping．
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  Effects of Different Slow-release Fertilizers on Photosynthesis，Yield and Quality of Zizania aquatica

  LI Tong，WU Zhanhui，TONG Jing，WANG Liping，WANG Baoju，LIU Ziying

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(4): 82-87.

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  In order to screen out the suitable slow-release fertilizer for Zizania aquatica, taking
  Zizania aquatica‘ Zhejiao No.2’as test material and common compound fertilizer as the control，this paper
  explored the effects of 5 different slow-release fertilizers with different ratios of nitrogen，phosphorus and
  potassium on photosynthesis，yield and quality of Zizania aquatica．The results showed that by applying
  ‘Xinyangfeng’slow-release fertilizer with the ratio of nitrogen， phosphorus，potassium as 25∶12∶15，
  the plant height of Zizania aquatica could reach 174.83 cm，total chlorophyll content be 5.56 mg · g^-1，net
  photosynthetic rate be 10.47 μmol · m^-2 · s^-1，yield be 27.44 t · hm^-2，soluble protein content be 2.77 mg · g-1，
  VC content be 110.90 mg · kg^-1， and soluble sugar content be 3.62%．In conclusion，under the experimental
  conditions，the botanical characters，photosynthetic parameters of leaves，yield and quality of Zizania
  aquatica treated with‘Xinyangfeng’slow-release fertilizer were all better than those of the other treatments．
  Thus，we recommended to extend and use this treatment in Zizania aquatica planting．
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  Studies on Technology for Hybrid Seed Production of Long Eggplant in Southwest China

  ZHOU Shanshan，TAO Tao，ZOU Min，YANG Yang，WANG Yongqing，TIAN Shibin

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(4): 88-91.

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  Taking ‘Yuqie No.5’ as test material and adopting orthogonal design experiment of 4 factors
  and 3 levels L₉（3⁴），this paper studied the effects of different treatments on the yield of eggplant hybrid seed
  production by comparing the seed yield，number of seed fruits，seed output per single fruit．The results
  showed that among all treatments combined by 9 different factors，treatment 5（planting density 30 000
  plants · hm^-2），taking out the 1st and 2nd branches flowers，starting pollination from the 3rd branches，
  emasculation in bud stage and re-pollination at flowering stage） obtained the highest yield of seed production
  776.1 kg · hm^-2．The results of range analysis showed that the factors influencing seed production
  efficiency were pollination mode＞reserving commercial fruit＞starting branch of pollination＞planting
  density．But，all these 4 factors had extreme significant effect on eggplant hybrid seed production．
  Comprehensive comparing analysis indicated that the optimum seed production method was planting density
  24 000 plants · hm^-2，taking out the first and second branches flowers，starting pollination from the 3rd
  branches，emasculation in bud stage and re-pollination at flowering stage，when conducting large-scale
  eggplant hybrid seed production．
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  A New Pepper F₁ Hybrid —‘Xiangluo’

  HE Jingwen，WU Di，FU Wenting，ZHU Yongpeng，CHEN Song

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(4): 92-94.

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  ‘Xiangluo’is a new fresh pepper F₁ hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘10011A’as
  female parent and inbred line‘jq55-1’as male parent．It is of medium maturity．Its growth period is about
  170 days．The plant has strong growth vigor and successive fruit setting ability．Its plant height is 65 cm and
  spread length is 65 cm．The fruit is of horn shape with wrinkled surface．The fruit is 16-20 cm in length and
  1.3-1.8 cm in transverse diameter．The green ripe fruit is green in color，ripe one is bright red in color．The
  VC content is 1 342.0 mg · kg^-1，and capsaicin content is 0.12%．In fields，its resistance to virus disease is
  stronger than that of the contrast‘Changla No.7’．The fresh pepper yield is about 33 t · hm^-2．It is suitable for
  spring planting in open fields of Guizhou regions．
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  A New Watermelon F₁ Hybrid —‘Guifei’

  XIE Huayun，HE Yi，HONG Rixin，YE Yunfeng，LI Guifen，QIN Sihua，HUANG Jinyan，LIU Tangjing，CHEN Dongkui，LI Tianyan

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(4): 95-97.

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  ‘Guifei’is a new watermelon F₁ hybrid of early maturity developed by crossing inbred
  line‘HL4334’as female parent and inbred line‘HHH3-1’as male parent．In spring cultivation，its whole
  growing period is about 96 days and the fruit development period is about 30 days．In autumn cultivation，its
  whole growing period is about 75 days and the fruit development period is about 28 days．The plant has strong
  growth vigor and is easy to bear fruit．Its fruit is of oval shape．The peel is dark green in color with dark green
  stripes．The fruit peel is 0.8-1.0 cm in thickness．The flesh is bright red in color with delicate，sweat and crisp
  quality．The center soluble solid content is 11.5%．The single fruit weight is 2.5-3.8 kg．It can yield about
  34.5 t · hm^-2．It is suitable for open field cultivation in Guangxi regions．
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  A New Bitter Gourd F₁ Hybrid —‘Jintian 188’

  XIN Yaning，LI Chunwen，LEI Yingcai，OUYANG Liying，WAN Qun，SHUN Bin，LIAN Huashan

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(4): 98-100.

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  ‘Jintian 188’is a new early maturing bitter gourd F₁ hybrid developed by crossing inbred
  line‘CH-LS19·7’as female parent and inbred line‘GY-3QP12·8’as male parent．It takes about 90
  days for spring greenhouse cultivation from sowing to harvest．The plant has strong growth vigor and the
  germination ability of lateral branches at base is strong．Both the main stem and lateral stem can bear melon．
  The first female flower sets on the 7-9th nodes，and female flowers appear continuously with 2-3 nodes
  distance．The fruit is of long stick shape．The head is of shuttle shape and tail is pointed．The fruit peel is
  green and white in color with alternating stripes and pearl nodules．The melon is 35-40 cm in length，6-7 cm
  in diameter．Its pulp is 0.96-1.18 cm in thickness．The single fruit weight is 0.5-0.8 kg．This variety can
  yield about 75 t · hm^-2．Its fruit hardness is 12.97 kg · cm^-2．It is tolerant to storage and transportation．The
  shelf life is 4-5 days．In fields，its resistance to powdery mildew and downy mildew is stronger than that of
  the control‘Fuxi 1918’．It is suitable for cultivation in most hilly areas and regions with similar ecological
  conditions of Sichuan Province．
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  A New Sweet Corn F₁ Hybrid —‘Shuangse 1424’

  WANG Ying，WANG Xiaoling，XI Xiaofei，QIAO Zhihui，WANG Haixu，CHEN Fuzhi，ZHANG Zhengjie

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(4): 101-103.

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  ‘Shuangse 1424’is a new fresh sweet corn F₁ hybrid bred by crossing inbred line‘Huangtian
  3148’as female parent and inbred line‘Baitian 2110’as male parent．Its growth period is about 90 days．
  Its plant type is semi-compact．It is 209.5 cm in plant height and 77.5 cm in ear height．The ear is of post-box
  type，21.0 cm in length and 5.1 cm in diameter．There are 15.3 head progeny rows and 37.3 grains per row．
  The grain is yellow and white in color．The soluble sugar content is 10.0%．The amylopectin takes 98.5% of
  the total starch content．It is moderate resistant to smut disease．The fresh ear yield is about 14.4 t · hm^-2．It is
  suitable to be planted in Hexi Corridor（Jiuquan，Zhangye，Wuwei），eastern regions（Lanzhou，Baiyin）of
  Gansu Province and areas with similar ecological conditions．