01 August 2021, Volume 1 Issue 8

    

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  Research Progress on Vegetables Seedling Culture Technique During ‘The Thirteenth Five-year Plan’in China

  SUN Xiaowu，WU Zhanhui，FENG Yixin，SHI Xianfeng，LI Pinglan，SHANG Qingmao

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(8): 18-26.

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  Seedling culture is an important link in vegetable production．In recent years，remarkable progress has been made in vegetables seedling culture technigue in China．This paper systematically summarized the important progress made during‘The Thirteenth Five-year Plan’period（2016-2020）in seed treatment，substrate processing，regulation of growth and development and graft technique，etc. in vegetables seedling production．The paper also analyzed the major existing problems and explored the future development direction．
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  Research Progress on Biological Stress Defensive Function of Plant Green Leaf Volatiles

  WU Liting，CHENG Guoting，LIANG Yan

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(8): 27-32.

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  Plants have self-defense function when facing dangerous situation．The substances used for self-defense can be divided into volatile substances and non-volatile substances according to their natures．Green leaf volatiles in volatile substances have been the focus of research in recent years．This paper mainly summarized the composition and synthesis pathway of green leaf volatiles in plant volatile secondary metabolites，and systematically concluded resistance defense function and resistance defense mechanism of green leaf volatiles to insects，fungi and bacteria，so as to provide reference for research in related fields．
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  Research Progress in Potato Sulfur Nutrition

  LIU Kun，JIA Liguo，QIN Yonglin，YU Jing，SHI Xiaohua，LI Li，FAN Mingshou

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(8): 33-38.

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  Sulfur is an essential mineral nutrient element in plant，and plays vital and irreplaceable function in potato growth and development．This paper summarized the research progress made at home and abroad in recent years including the aspects of sulfur physiological function；influence on potato growth and development，yield and quality；interaction with other nutrient elements and nutritional characteristic，etc．The paper also put forward several key aspects for future potato sulfur nutrient research，hoping to provide information for optimization of potato nutrient management technology．
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  Genetic Research and Gene Mapping of The Stalk Glossy Trait in Pakchoi

  HU Yang，SONG Liping，WANG Aihua，LIANG Hongyan，QIU Wenbing，CAI Meizhong，CUI Xiaopei，GAO Changbin，ZHOU Guolin，LI Ping

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(8): 39-45.

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  Using the stalk glossy inbred line Q161 and stalk waxy inbred line Q195 as parent，this paper constructed the F₁，F₂，BC₁P₁ and BC₁P₂ colony and analyzed the genetic law for stalk glossy trait in pakchoi．The result showed that the stalk glossy trait of pakchoi was controlled by a pair of recessive genes．The F₂ bulked segregant population were detected by the 30× BSA-seq analysis and the parents were detected by the 20× genomic resequencing analysis．The stalk glossy gene was mapped between 44.1-45.0 Mb interval of A09 chromosome．The resequencing data of the parents provided us with InDel markers．The stalk glossy gene was mapped between marker Br119 and Br116 on the A09 chromosome．The physical distance between these 2 markers was 380 kb．
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  Identification of F₁ Hybrid Derived from Crossing Rape-radish Chromosome C Addition Line and Pakchoi by SSR Molecular Markers

  DING Yunhua，Holger Budahn，ZHAO Hong，ZHAO Xiuyun

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(8): 46-50.

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  According to 21 standard materials with known radish-chromosome information in the genetic background，two SSR molecular markers RsSA078-170 and RH148-190，which were specific for radish chromosome C，were confirmed．Both SSR markers were used to identify the alien radish chromosome C in the genetic backround of hybrid F₁ being derived from the cross of rape-radish chromosome C addition line and pakchoi‘559’．The result showed that all individuals of F₁ were amplified with the specific bands of radish chromosome C．Meanwhile，the radish genomic probe pURsN was used to detect the radish genomoe of F₁ by fluorescence in situ hybridization technology．The result showed that F₁ had hybridization signal indicating that F1 was added with alien radish chromosome，which proved the accuracy of the identification results of two SSR markers RsSA078-170 and RH148-190．It showed that both SSR markers could be used to identify the radish chromosome C in the progeny of rape-radish chromosome C addition line and pakchoi．
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  Practice on Tomato Overwinter Production in External Thermal Insulation Largespan Plastic Greenhouse in Xuhuai Region

  WANG Jun，LI Yansu，ZHANG Aimin，MENG Lei，ZHANG Shengfeng，YU Xianchang

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(8): 51-57.

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  External thermal insulation large-span plastic greenhouse has many advantages，including large cultivation space，high land utilization rate，convenient in mechanical operation，etc．It has gradually become one of the selectable facilities for vegetable overwinter production．An external thermal insulation large-span plastic greenhouse was constructed in Xuzhou region．It was compared with the internal environment temperature of local typical solar greenhouse of 60 cm thick brick wall （concrete brickwork）．Then，an overwinter tomato production practice was conducted．Results showed that under discrete low temperature condition during January-March，the inside air temperature of the plastic greenhouse could reach the thermal insulation properties of the brick wall solar greenhouse．The air temperature could be maintained around 10 ℃，yet the tomato yield was not reduced．The initial construction cost of plastic greenhouse were very close to that of the local typical brick wall solar greenhouse，while its land utilization rate could reach up to 84.0%，35.5 percentage point higher than that of the brick wall solar greenhouse．To sum up，external thermal insulation large-span plastic greenhouse can be widely popularized and applied as a new type cultivation facility in Xuhuai area for fruit vegetable overwinter production．
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  Effects of Vegetable Planting Years on Abundance and Community Structure of Soil Ammonia-oxidizing Microorganism

  ZHAO Hui，WANG Xiying,LU Zhihong，TAN Zhiyong

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(8): 58-66.

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  Taking the soil of protected and open vegetable fields planted for 3，5，7 years as research object，this paper studied the effect of planting years of protected vegetable fields on ammonia-oxidizing microorganism abundance and community structure by using real-time PCR and Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology．The results indicated that the abundance of AOA in different treatments was all higher than that of AOB．The value of AOA/AOB ranged from 17.33-39.16．Along with the prolonging of planting years，the quantity of AOA and AOB decreased gradually．The planting years had significant impacts on the community structure and diversity of AOA and AOB．The both diversity indexes including Chao1 index，ACE index and Shannon index were the maximum，when planting years reached 3．Then，these indexes gradually decreased along with the prolonging of planting years．At the phylum level，the dominant group of AOA communities was Thaumarchaeota．The dominant group of AOB communities was Proteobacteria．Soil pH，ammonium nitrogen，and nitrate nitrogen were the major factors affecting the changes of AOA community structure．In conclusion，during the process of protected vegetable planting，AOA took hold on quantity and community diversity．It was more sensitive to environmental changes，and might be the main driver of nitrification．
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  Studies on Application Effects of Fertilizer Recommended by Nutrient Expert on Chinese Cabbage

  SHAN Nan，CHUAN Limin，LIU Jipei，ZHENG Huaiguo，WANG Ailing，ZHAO Jingjuan

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(8): 67-72.

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  Rational fertilization is an important way to ensure crop yield and increase farmers’income．In the process of vegetable production，there is a common phenomenon of excessive or blind fertilization，especially under the conditions of complex planting system and shorter time window of crop fertilization．So it is urgent to establish a more convenient and efficient scientific nutrient management method suitable for different scale fields．Taking Chinese cabbage cultivar‘Beijingxin No.3’as test material，this experiment studied the application effect of fertilization method on Chinese cabbage recommended by nutrient expert based on yield response and agronomic efficiency．The results showed that the recommended application rates of nitrogen（N），phosphorus（P₂O₅）and potassium fertilizer（K₂O）for Chinese cabbage in autumn open field production at outskirts of Beijing were 278，111 and 314 kg · hm^-2，respectively．The yield of Chinese cabbage could reach 162.0 t · hm^-2，which was significantly higher than that by farmers’conventional fertilization treatmen（t FP）and soil testing and formula fertilization（OPTS）．The plant absorptive amount of N，P and K was all higher than that of farmer conventional fertilization treatment．The partial factor productivity and agronomic efficiency of N and P were significantly higher than that of farmer conventional fertilization treatment and soil testing and formulated fertilization treatment．All recovery rate of N，P and K was the highest，among which the recovery rates of N，P were significantly higher than that of farme conventional fertilization treatment．The fertilization treatment recommended by nutrient expert could significantly increase the yield of Chinese cabbage，improve fertilizer use efficiency，thus improve the productivity effect．It could be a serviceable measure for managing Chinese cabbage fertilization．
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  Effects of Treating Soil by Lime Nitrogen and Slow-release Fertilizer Combined with Bio-organic Fertilizer Application on Growth and Yield of Chinese Chive

  MA Hongyan，HE Zhixue，XIE Jianming，ZHANG Jing，ZHANG Xiaodan，MA Ning，LI Xiaobin

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(8): 73-79.

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  Taking ‘Jiushen F1’ leek as experimental material，this paper studied the effects of using slow-release fertilizer to replace common chemical fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer application，and treating soil by lime nitrogen on the growth physiology and yield of Chinese chive．The results showed that comparing with the contrast by conventional treatment，the treatment of using 70.3 kg ·（667 m²）^-1 slowrelease fertilizer to replace common chemical fertilizer，combined applying 200-400 kg·（667 m²）^-1 bioorganic fertilizer and 50 kg ·（667 m²）^-1 lime nitrogen soil treatment could promote leek plant height，stem diameter and leaf length，increas yield，improve quality and reduce the use level of chemical fertilizer．Among them，the yield had increased by 9.78%-14.84%，contents of soluble sugar and VC in leaves increased by 11.40%-13.97% and 27.27%-40.91%，respectively；activities of nitrate reductase，contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids were increased by 22.69%-23.26%，21.69%-34.94% and 13.33%-26.67%，respectively；nitrate content had decreased by 8.79%-10.93%．
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  Pathogen Identification and Biological Characteristics of Cucumber Alternaria Leaf Spot in Heilongjiang Province

  LIU Xingfeng，LIU Dong，TAO Lei，PAN Chunqing，LI Xuelian，MA Tian，PAN Mengjia，ZHANG Yanju

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(8): 80-86.

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  Alternaria is an important plant pathogen with a variety of species．It often brings serious losses to crop production．In 2019，a cucumber disease suspected to be infected by Alternaria was found in Qiqihar cucumber greenhouses in Heilongjiang Province．After isolated culture，purification and pathogenicity determination，pathogen identification was carried out on the collected susceptible samples by morphological observation and molecular biological analysis．The results showed that the pathogen of cucumber leaf spot found in Heilongjiang Province was Alternaria alternata．Studies on its biological characteristics indicated that the fastest culture medium of mycelia was CA，cucumber juice culture medium．The optimal carbon source was glucose and sucrose，and nitrogen source was peptone．The optimal culture conditions were 28 ℃ and pH 8-9．The lethal temperature was 55 ℃ for 10 min．The influence of light on mycelia growth was not significant．PDA and CA culture medium were the most suitable culture medium for pathogen spore production．The most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources were glucose and peptone, respectively．The spore production was maximum at 28 ℃，pH 8-9，12 h light on and 12 h darkness．
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  Application Effect of Air Energy Heat Pump System in Solar Greenhouse

  LIU Wang

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(8): 87-91.

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  This paper used the air-energy heat pump system to heat the soil in solar greenhouse culture tank with water as medium，and tested the changes of air temperature and ground temperature inside the solar greenhouse in winter and control effect of root-knot nematode in summer．The results showed that using airenergy heat pump system to heat，the average air temperature and ground temperature in solar greenhouse were 2.86 ℃ and 1.94 ℃，higher than that of the contrast greenhouse during the low power consumption time in winter. In summer，after closing plastic shed by high temperature and then heated 8 h by the air-energy heat pump system，the average root-knot nematodes killing rate was 92.3% and uniformity of killing rate was 98.9%．Running the air energy heat pump system in good time could effectively increase the air temperature and ground temperature of greenhouse in winter and effectively improve the control efficiency of root-knot nematode in summer．
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  Occurrence Regularity of Bradysia odoriphaga in Carrot under Open Field and Greenhouse Cultivation

  CAO Xue，ZHANG Lihuan，CHEN Hao，ZHANG Ansheng，ZHUANG Qianying，ZHU Peiqun，ZHOU Xianhong

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(8): 92-97.

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  In order to clear and definite the occurrence regularity of Bradysia odoriphaga in carrot，this study systematically investigated the occurrence situation of larva and adult of Bradysia odoriphaga in carrot planted in open fields and greenhouse using sticky cards and root digging methods from 2018 to 2019．The results showed that the early happening state of B. odoriphaga was adult，which mainly occurred in spring and autumn when the soil temperature and relative humidity were suitable for its occurrence．Two generations occurred from April to May．Its happening in greenhouse was earlier than in open fields，and 1 generation occurred in autumn from October to November．
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  A New Spring Chinese Cabbage F₁ Hybrid —‘Jingchunhuang No.3’

  YU Yangjun，SU Tongbing，ZHANG Fenglan，ZHANG Deshuang，ZHAO Xiuyun，YU Shuancang，WANG Weihong，LI Peirong，XIN Xiaoyun

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(8): 98-101.

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  ‘Jingchunhuang No.3’is a new spring Chinese cabbage F₁ hybrid with yellow inner leaves，developed by crossing 2 self-incompatible lines‘1631’and‘07229’．It takes 55-60 days from transplanting to harvest．It has strong tolerance to bolting．In fields，its morbidities to virus disease，downy mildew，soft rot，black rot and verticillium wilt were slight．Its head is of cylindrical shape with ogival top and is about 30 cm in head height and about 18 cm in diameter．The inner leaves is yellow in color．It tastes sweet and crisp．Its single head weight is about 3.0 kg．It can yield about 97.5 t · hm^-2．It is suitable to be cultivated in Beijing，Shangdong in spring；and in Yunnan，Gansu and Zhangjiakou Bashang at high altitude of 800-1 800 m and cold regions in summer．
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  A New Male Sterile Pepper F₁ Hybrid —‘Yujiao No.9’

  YAO Qiuju，CHANG Xiaoke，CHENG Zhifang，HAN Yanan，ZHANG Yule，ZHANG Tao

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(8): 101-103.

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  ‘Yujiao No.9’is a new three-line hybrid pepper developed by crossing cytoplasmic male sterile line‘PC134A’as female parent and inbred line‘PC162’as male parent．This variety is of early maturity．Its growth period is about 195 days．The plant has strong growth vigor．The plant height is about 95 cm．In earlier stage，it sets fruit concentrately and in the middle and later periods，it has strong continuous fruit setting ability．The consistency of upper and lower layer fruits is good．Its fruit is of thick cattle horn shape．Its peel is yellow-green in color．The fruit is about 23 cm in length and about 5 cm in width．The average single fruit weight is 100 g．The VC content is 922.0 mg · kg^-1，and capsaicin content is 46.00 mg · kg^-1．In fields its resistance to virus disease，anthrax and epidemic disease is equivalent to that of the contrast‘Yujiao 701’．It can yield about 49.5 t · hm^-2．This variety is suitable for early spring cultivation in protected fields in Henan．
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  A New Greenhouse Cucumber F₁ Hybrid —‘Jinyou 365’

  KONG Weiliang，LI Yuhe，HUANG Hongyu，ZHANG Lidong，LI Jiawang

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(8): 104-107.

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  ‘Jinyou 365’is a new cucumber F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘YL-9-3-7’as female parent and inbred line‘1412-1-7’as male parent．The plant has strong growth vigor，and bears fruits mainly on the main stem．The fruit is of long rodlike shape，erect and straight，about 35 cm in length with short neck，small heart chamber and even tumors．The average single fruit weight is about 220 g．The fruit peel is shining dark green and its pulp is light green in color．The fruit tastes sweet and crispy．It is resistant to downy mildew，Fusarium wilt and moderate resistant to powdery mildew，brown spot．It is tolerant to low temperature and weak light．It can yield about 222 t · hm^-2 overwinter in solar greenhouse．It is tolerant to high temperature and has strong adaptability．It is suitable for cultivation in overwinter solar greenhouse，early spring and late autumn in north China，northeast China and northwest China．
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  A New Bitter Gourd F₁ Hybrid —‘Chunli’

  WANG Anle，DENG Wenqiao

  China Vegetables. 2021, 1(8): 107-109.

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  ‘Chunli’is a new bitter gourd F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘LZ12’as female parent and inbred line‘BZ34’as male parent．The plant has strong growth vigor and is of mid-early maturity．The first female flower sets on about 10th node．It has high female flower setting rate and strong continuous fruit bearing ability．The fruit is of medium long rodlike shape with shining white-green peel and pearl tumours．The fruit is about 28 cm in length and about 6 cm in width．The single fruit weight is about 420 g．The pulp is crisp with medium bitterness and good commodity．In fields its resistance to downy mildew and phytophthora blight is stronger than that of the contrast‘Chunlyu’．It can yield about 78 t · hm^-2．It is suitable for open field cultivation in bitter gourd producing regions in the Yangtze River Basin．