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Current Issue
2021 Vol.1 Issue.11,
Published 2021-11-01
1
Hot!
2021 Vol. 1 (11): 1-5 [
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172
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6
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2021 Vol. 1 (11): 6-11 [
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183
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12
2021 Vol. 1 (11): 12-16 [
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141
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17
Selection and Application of Soil Amendments for Remediating Cadmiumcontaminated Greenhouse Soils
GAO Baolin，ZHANG Ran，GAO Xing，PENG Yutao，CHEN Qing
Hot!
Accumulated heavy metal cadmium（Cd）in soil can harm human health through food chain．When the Cd content in soil exceeds the risk Eco-SSLs，it will further increase the risk for vegetable production．In recent years，with the increase of planting years，the Cd content in greenhouse vegetable soil showed a net accumulated status，which had increased the risk of excessive Cd content in vegetable products．Thus，it is imperative to control Cd bio-availability in soil．Aiming at the increased Cd content induced by magnesium and calcium leaching，soil acidification，etc. in greenhouse soil，this paper reviewed different passive materials being used to effectively control Cd effectiveness and its mechanism of action；put forward a facility soil improvement pattern to control Cd bio-availability in soil，thus to reduce the risk of Cd accumulation inside of vegetable plant，and to provide references for rational selection of facility soil conditioner and for vegetable production with safety and superior quality．
2021 Vol. 1 (11): 17-26 [
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162
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27
Development Status of Straw Return Technology in China
JIANG Yueshan，LI Yansu，WANG Juanjuan，HE Chaoxing，YU Xianchang，WANG Jun
Straw is rich in organic matter and nutrient elements．Straw return is an important way of utilizing straw resources．This paper summarized the effects of straw return on soil-crop-atmosphere system，analyzed the problems existing in research and application of straw return，and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions．
2021 Vol. 1 (11): 27-32 [
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163
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873KB] (
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33
Screening of Efficient Insecticide against Invasive
Tuta absoluta
（Meyrick）and Detection of Its Resistance Gene Mutation
WANG Shaoli，SHI Caihua，XU Dandan，ZHANG Youjun
Hot!
South American tomato leaf miner，
Tuta absoluta
（Meyrick）is an alien dangerous pest recently invade into China．This study evaluated the lethal effects of 7 insecticides field dose on larva of
T. absoluta
invaded into Yining County of Xinjiang Autonomous Region by modified insect blade impregnation method; and conducted detection on point mutations of sodium channel
kdr
gene associated with pyrethroid insecticide in
T. absoluta
．The results showed that 1.8% abamectin EW，24% chlorfenapyr SC and 5% chlorantraniliprole SC had skyhigh virulence activity for
T. absoluta
larva with 100% lethality，followed by 5% emamectin benzoate WG and 6% spinetoram SC with over 90% lethality．However，the virulence activity of
Bacillus thuringiensis
（Bt）for T. absoluta was lower and 4.5% efficient beta-cypermethrin EC had ultra low virulence activities．The mutation frequency of
kdr
gene mutation points M918T，T929I and L1014F were 30%，75% and 100%，respectively,consistent to the ultra low activities of pyrethroid insecticide．This results have provided scientific guidance for the chemical prevention and control of
T. absoluta
invaded into Xinjiang Autonomous Region，China．
2021 Vol. 1 (11): 33-36 [
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178
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916KB] (
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37
Effects and The Underlying Mechanism of Sub-high Temperature on Plant Resistance to
Pseudomonas syringae
in Tomato
WANG Anran,SHI Junying,HU Zhangjian，WANG Jiao，YU Jingquan，SHI Kai
Global warming affects the interactions between horticultural crops and pathogens in both greenhouse and open field cultivation，posing a severe threat to the yield，quality，and safety of horticultural products．However，the effects of sub-high temperatures on the defense responses of horticultural crops remain unclear．
Pseudomonas syringae
pv.
tomato
（
Pst
），the causal agent of bacterial speck disease，widely infects tomato cultivation in China．The high-resistant tomato ‘LA3472’with
Pto
gene resistant to
Pst
，and its background genotype，high-sensitive tomato ‘Moneymaker’，were used as test materials，to investigate two different resistance pathways of tomato against
Pst
DC3000，PAMPs-triggered immunity（PTI）and effector-triggered immunity （ETI），at sub-high temperature．Results showed that sub-high temperature had no significant effect on the
in vitro
growth of
Pst
model strain
Pst
DC3000，but significantly increased the occurrence of speck disease in both ‘Moneymaker’ and ‘LA3472’．Moreover，sub-high temperature remarkably suppressed the
Pst
DC3000-induced salicylic acid（SA） accumulation and transcript abundance of SA-biosynthetic gene
PAL
s and SA signal-related gene
NPR1
in both tomato genotypes．These results suggest that sub-high temperature has inhibitory effects on both PTI and ETI，and it is inferred to be related to the inhibition of SA resistance pathway．This research has theoretical and practical significance for understanding the occurrence of horticultural crops diseases and strengthening disease prevention under climate warming conditions．
2021 Vol. 1 (11): 37-44 [
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144
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45
Effects of Fulvic Acid on Tomato Yield and Hizosphere Soil Microecology under Different Soil pH and Phosphorus Levels
ZHANG Lili，LI Jirui，BI Huangai，SHI Qinghua，GONG Biao
Under the soil conditions of neutral（pH = 6.5）and alkaline（pH = 8.0），this experiment set the treatments without phosphate fertilizer（-P）and with 0.53 g · kg
-1
phosphate（P2O5）fertilizer（+P）respectively．Then，treatments without fulvic acid（-FA）and with 0.08 g · kg
-1
of fulvic acid（+FA）were set up．There were 2 pairs combinations altogether 8 treatments．This paper studied the effects of fulvic acid on tomato yield，phosphorus absorbed amount，number of soil microbe，and enzyme activities under different soil pH and P levels；and analyzed bacterial diversity in rhizosphere soil using 16S rDNA sequencing technique．The results showed that the alkaline soil could reduce tomato single plant yield and phosphorus absorbed amount inhibited plant growth，decreased the numbers of rhizosphere bacteria，actinomycetes and diversity of rhizosphere bacteria．However the rhizosphere fungal numbers and peroxidation catalase activities were increased．But the activities of rhizosphere soil urease，phosphatase，sucrase were brought down．Increasing the application of P fertilizer and FA could significantly improve tomato plant growth and single plant yield under alkaline soil condition，and restore the rhizosphere microecological environment．Moreover，the promotion effect of FA was even accentuate under high P and high pH conditions．In conclusion，FA can enable tomato to enhance soil utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer，and restore rhizosphere microecological environment．
2021 Vol. 1 (11): 45-52 [
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143
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53
Effects of Leach Liquor from Different Parts of Jerusalem Artichoke Plant on Tomato Growth and Root-knot Nematode
REN Jing，YANG Liu，CHENG Li，LI Wenhui，PAN Kai
Adopting the method of combining in vitro with pot culture experiment and taking jerusalem artichoke cv.‘J13’as test material，this paper studied the effects of leaf，stem and tuber leach liquor of jerusalem artichoke plant on tomato growth and root-knot nematode；and carried out preliminary analysis on the possible ingredients that inhibit root-knot nematodes from different parts of leach liquor plant using GC-MS．The results showed that leach liquor from different parts of jerusalem artichoke plant had significant inhibitory effects on egg hatching and second-stage juveniles of root-knot nematodes in vitro experiments．The inhibitory effect was manifested as leaf＞tuber＞stem．Through comprehensive comparison，we found that 1% of jerusalem artichoke leaf leach liquor could significantly reduce the number of root-knot and soil population density，yet not affect tomato growth in pot experiments．There existed differences between the composition and content of leach liquor from different parts of jerusalem artichoke plants．The compound kinds detected in leaf leach liquor were maximum and their total contents were the highest．Six kinds of compounds might have inhibitory effect on root-knot nematodes by preliminary screening．Among them，there were 6 species from leaf leach liquor，4 from stem leach liquor，and 5 from tuber leach liquor．The total content in leaf leach liquor was the highest．In summary，the leaf leach liquor of Jerusalem cv.‘J13’ plant can be used as a plantderived control agent for preventing and curing tomato root-knot nematode diseases．At 1% concentration，the comprehensive effect is the best．
2021 Vol. 1 (11): 53-60 [
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152
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61
Effects of Foliar Spraying Chlormequat Chloride on Yield，Quality and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of
Artemisia selengensis
Turcz.
ZHENG Dan，WANG Xiaoyan，PENG Xitian，ZHOU Youxiang，ZHANG Junxian，XIA Hong，XIA Zhenzhen
Chlormequat chloride（CCC），as a plant growth regulator has been widely used in vegetable production．In order to investigate the using effect and safety of CCC on acquatic vegetable
Artemisia selengensis
Turcz.，this experiment adopted field trial method，set 4 levels of CCC concentration（0，150，300，450 mg ·L
-1
）and studied the effects of CCC on dissipation rule of
Artemisia selengensis
Turcz.，and its yield，quality and nitrogen utilization characters．The results showed that the degradation rule of CCC on
Artemisia selengensis
Turcz.was in accordance with the first-order kinetics equation．Its half-life period in stem was only 6.9-9.1 days．The degradation rate was significantly greater than leaves．After foliar spraying in the seedling period，all harvested stems were safe inspection．But in leaves，CCC residues all exceed the standard，except those treated with low concentration（150 mg · L
-1
）．As the spraying CCC concentration increased，the content of chlorophll in leaves and soluble sugar content in stems were gradually increased，and the dwarf degree of plant was intensified．But，its yield，apparent using efficiency of nitrogen，nitrogen partial productivity，nitrogen agronomic efficiency all showed a downtrend．Low CCC concentration（150 mg · L
-1
）treatment had insignificant effect on dwarf of
Artemisia selengensis
Turcz. plant．The single plant stem weight and single plant leaf weight were 57.5 g and 45.0 g，respectively．Compaired with the treatment without spraying CCC，the yield of
Artemisia selengensis
Turcz. was increased by 13.5% and nitrogen agronomic efficiency was increased by 49.9%．To sum up，low CCC concentration（150 mg · L
-1
）could be applied safely during the planting process of
Artemisia sele
ngensis Turcz．
2021 Vol. 1 (11): 61-68 [
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194
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69
Effects of Different Gibberellin Treatments on Yield and Quality of
Heracleum moellendorffii
Hance in Winter Greenhouse
MAO Junying，ZHANG Xue，NING Fangshixin，ZHAO Hengtian，MAO Tongyan，CHENG Yao，JIANG Xinmei
Taking one-year-old
Heracleum moellendorffii
Hance as test material，setting up different gibberellin concentration（50，100，150，200 mg·kg
-1
），respectively and making 2 factors group treatments with root soaking time（8，16，24 hours），this paper studied the effects of different gibberellin treatments on growth and quality of
H. moellendorffii
Hance in winter solar greenhouse．The results showed that gibberellin treatment could effectively shorten the germination period of
H. moellendorffii
Hance in winter，enhance germination rate，promote leaf growth，increase yield and perfect quality，meanwhile，increase the contents of chlorophyll，flavonoid，saponin，coumarin and polysaccharide．In conclusion，the treatment of soaking root of
H. moellendorffii
Hance by 200 mg·kg-1 gibberellin for 16 hours，the effect of
H. moellendorffii
Hance germination was the best，its growth was the fastest and yield was the highest．The treatment of soaking root in 100 mg·kg-1 gibberellin for 24 hours was in favour of lifting the contents of functional ingredients including flavonoid，saponin，coumarin and polysaccharide in
H. moellendorffii
Hance．
2021 Vol. 1 (11): 69-74 [
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178
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75
Biological Caracteristics of
Colletotrichum spaethianum
of the Pathogen and Fungicides Screening in Laboratory for Anthracnose of Lily
LIU Jiarong，LI Nan，GAN Taoyu，ZENG Huilan，LI Rungen
Colletotrichum spaethianum
is a newly discovered pathogen leading to anthracnose of‘Longya Lily’．In order to further clarify its biological characteristics and sensitivity to fungicides，this experiment adopted the mycelial growth rate method and spore counting method to study the effects of different carbon source，nitrogen source，substrate，pH，illumination，temperature，etc. on
C. spaethianum
mycelial growth and sporulation；This experiment also measured the sensitivities of this pathogen on 6 kinds of insecticides by mycelial growth velocity method．The results showed that the most suitable conditions for
C. spaethianum
mycelial growth were：carbon source-glucose source and lactose，nitrogen source-beef extract，pH value-5.0，temperature-25 ℃，substrate-OA，illumination-12 h light-12 h darkness；The most suitable conditions for sporulation were carbon：source-lactose，nitrogen source-glycine，pH value-9.0，temperature-25 ℃，substrate-PSA，24 h darkness；The mycelial lethal temperature was 53 ℃ and conidium lethal temperature was 58 ℃．Among the 6 fungicides taking the test，pyraclostrobin had the strongest inhibitory effect，EC
50
value was 0.056 mg · L
-1
；Azolether · dysene had the worst prevention and control effect，EC
50
value was 64.609 mg · L
-1
.
2021 Vol. 1 (11): 75-80 [
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168
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81
Effect and Comprehensive Benefit Assessment of Fertilizer and Pesticide Reduction Mode on Pumpkin Pests and Diseases Control in Protected Fields
HONG Wenying，WU Yanjun，CHEN Rui，QIU Xuelong，WU Yao，XU Wen
In order to explore the applying effect of integrating pesticide and fertilizer reduction technologies，this paper compared the comprehensive control effect of different production technology modes on disease and pest control，insect community characteristic in fields，fruit nutritional quality and commodity by field experiment；and evaluated the practical effect and comprehensive benefit of applying fertilizer and pesticide reduction technology in production by environmental economics method．The results showed that the prevention and control effects of fertilizer and pesticide reduction technology mode on main pests and diseases of pumpkin cultivated in protected fields were remarkably better than that of regions using the other treatments．With reduction techniques applied in fields，the damage by disease and pest and yield loss could be reduced，dominance index of primary pest be decreased，quantity of natural enemies and their function be added，indexes of richness，diversity，and uniformity be increased， ecosystem service functions be improved when the chemical fertilizer usage amount be reduced by 66.7% and chemical pesticide usage reduced by 46.3%．The single fruit weight，fruit transverse diameter and vertical diameter in fertilizer and pesticide reduction area were increased by 16.4%，1.2% and 9.4% than those in routine management area，respectively and contents of VC，starch，dry matter and total amino acids reached maximum，the economic benefit could reach 433 176 RMB · hm
-2
，which was significantly better than that in the other treatment region．This technology model is one of the effective means for realizing fertilizer and pesticide reduction and yield increasing in melon vegetables production．This model has certain popularization and application prospect．
2021 Vol. 1 (11): 81-89 [
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158
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411
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90
A New Bitter Gourd F
1
Hybrid —‘Lyuzuan No.1’
GUO Jinju，LUO Jianning，WU Haibin，GONG Hao，LIU Xiaoxi，ZHANG Changyuan
‘Lyuzuan No.1’is a new glossy green type bitter gourd F
1
hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘B2411’as female parent and inbred line‘B171012’as male parent．It is a mid-early maturing variety taking about 75 days from sowing to first harvesting in spring，and about 57 days in autumn．The extend harvest period is about 35 days in spring and about 34 days in autumn．The plant grows vigorously．The fruit is of long conic shape with green and shiny peel and mainly stripe tubercles．Its fruit is about 25 cm in length，6 cm in width，and 1.1 cm in thickness．The single fruit weight is about 340 g and the commodity fruit rate is about 93%．This variety is moderate resistant to Fusarium wilt．It can yield about 33 t · hm
-2
．It is suitable for spring and autumn cultivation in southern China．
2021 Vol. 1 (11): 90-92 [
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179
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1838KB] (
330
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93
A New Oriental Melon F
1
Hybrid —‘Ganlu No.1’
ZHANG Jiawang，HE Ming，LIU Shilei，LYU Yanling，ZHANG Lili，LIU Wei
‘Ganlu No.1’is a new early maturing oriental melon F
1
hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘HG16’as female parent and inbred line‘R3-58’as male parent．Its growth period is about 75 days and fruit development period is about 32 days．Its plant grows vigorously and has strong branching ability．The fruits are mainly bearing on the lateral vines and the setting rate is high．Its fruit is of oval shape and has yellow peel decorated with green stripes．The flesh is white in color and tastes crisp．The central soluble solid content is about 14.2%．The average single fruit weight is 480 g．This cultivar is highly resistant to bacterial angular leaf spot and moderately resistant to blight．It can yield about 36 t · hm
-2
．It is suitable for greenhouse cultivation in Liaoning Province in spring．
2021 Vol. 1 (11): 93-95 [
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] (
155
) [
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1874KB] (
345
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96
A New Flowering Chinese Cabbage F
1
Hybrid —‘Xiaqiumeiwei’
WANG Ruoying，XU Ming，YIN Yulai，SHU Xiwei，ZHANG Guoqin
‘Xiaqiumeiwei’is a new mid-late maturity flowering Chinese cabbage F
1
hybrid developed by crossing male sterile line‘EC-2’as female parent and selfing line‘312’as male parent．The plant type is semi erect with vigorous growth vigor．The basal leaf is of wide ovate shape and light green in color．The main bolt is thick and green covered with slight wax powder．The single bolt is about 29 cm in length，and single bolt weight is about 82 g．It tastes delicate and sweet and has good commodity．Its bolting is in order．The main bolt can be harvested at one-time，and main bolt and side bolt can be harvested together．Its VC content is 577.0 mg · kg
-1
，soluble sugar content is 2.22% and crude fiber content is 0.6%．It can yield about 34.5 t ·hm
-2
．It is suitable for planting in southern Jiangsu and the surrounding areas．
2021 Vol. 1 (11): 96-98 [
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135
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310
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98
A New Chinese Chives Variety —‘Hangyan 998’
MA Peifang，LI Yixiao，YIN Shouheng，LI Yanlong，ZHANG Wei，CUI Yungang，WANG Liya，JIANG Qinqun，CHEN Jianhua
‘Hangyan 998’is a new Chinese chives variety selected through 5 generations continuous selfing from the progeny of space mutagenic material‘Pingjiu No.4’．Its plant is of tall and erect type．The leaf blades are of long and wide stripe shape and dark green in color．Its leaves are about 38 cm in length and about 0.8 cm in width．It grows vigorously and is not dormant in winter．In fields its resistance against gray mold disease is stronger than that of the contrast‘791’．The average single plant weight is 9.5 g．Its VC content is 220 mg · kg
-1
．Every year，it can be harvested for 6 times，and yield about 195 t · hm
-2
．It is suitable to be planted in Henan Province and surrounding areas．
2021 Vol. 1 (11): 98-100 [
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200
) [
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1895KB] (
396
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101
Hot!
2021 Vol. 1 (11): 101-103 [
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186
) [
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2076KB] (
328
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103
2021 Vol. 1 (11): 103-105 [
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253
) [
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910KB] (
446
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106
2021 Vol. 1 (11): 106-109 [
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176
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366
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2021 Vol. 1 (11): 110-112 [
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179
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1005KB] (
446
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113
2021 Vol. 1 (11): 113-117 [
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132
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1011KB] (
568
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117
2021 Vol. 1 (11): 117-121 [
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163
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1250KB] (
468
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