01 January 2022, Volume 1 Issue 1

    

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  Research Progress on Anthocyanin in Radish

  LIU Tongjin，LI Xixiang，LIU Liangfeng，ZHANG Aihui，CUI Qunxiang，WANG Changyi

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(1): 22-30.

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  Radish is an important vegetable crop in China．The radish cultivars with rich anthocyanin have bright color and high nutritive value．There are many kinds of anthocyanin in radish and their heredity is complex．Although more progress has been made in its species identification and anthocyanin extraction，studies in gene function identification and expression regulation still lag far behind the model crops．This paper summarized the progress recently made in identification of anthocyanin species in radish，excavation of structural genes and transcription factors，finding of factors affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis in radish，and extraction of anthocyanin from radish，hoping to provide references for correlational studies related to anthocyanin in radish．
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  Research Progress on Plant Branchiness and Its Application in Vegetable Breeding

  XIA Yutong，WANG Chen，HAO Ning，WU Tao

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(1): 31-40.

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  Plant type can affect crop yield per unit area and its level of mechanized production．While，branching is one of the major plant type characteristics．The formation and development of branching are affected by many factors．In recent years，in-depth studies have been conducted on the molecular regulation mechanism of plant branching development．This paper reviewed the latest research progress made in the fields of environment related to plant branching development，plant hormones and gene regulation domain．At the same time，this paper also explored the application of plant branching correlational studies on vegetable breeding，aiming at providing theoretical basis for studies on regulation of vegetable crops branching．
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  Characteristics of Major Chinese Vegetables in Nutrient Uptake and Requirement

  LI Shutian，AI Chao，HE Ping，ZHANG Jiajia，CUI Rongzong，WEI Jianlin，CHUAN Limin，LI Mingyue，JIN Chongwei

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(1): 41-48.

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  It is of significant importance to study the nutrient requirements of main Chinese vegetables for establishing a new method of recommending vegetables fertilization．Adopting the method of combining information retrieval，field investigation，sampling，measuring；and according to QUEFTS model，this paper analyzed the relation between the yields of open field Chinese cabbage，radish，greenhouse tomato，open field scallion，and their nutrient uptakes；obtained the optimum nutrient uptake curve and estimated the best nutrient requirement amount for producing 1 unit of vegetable yield．Results showed that there were great variations in yield，nutrient uptake amount and nutrient internal efficiency（IE）of 4 kinds vegetables．For Chinese cabbage，the average yield was 84.3 t · hm^-2（n = 2 758），above ground N，P and K nutrient accumulation amounts were 176.4，33.6 and 208.4 kg · hm^-2，respectively; IE value were 539.32，2 901.6 and 458.23 kg ·kg^-1，respectively．The best N，P and K requirements quantities for producing 1 t of Chinese cabbage was 1.96 kg N，0.41 kg P and 2.39 kg K．The average fleshy root yield was 63.5 t · hm^-2（n = 2 288）．The N，P and K accumulation quantities were 155.4，30.9 and 217.9 kg · hm^-2，respectively．The IE value were 455.0，2 328.7 and 361.9 kg · kg^-1，respectively. The best N，P and K requirement quantities for producing 1 t of radish fleshy roots were 2.2 kg N，0.4 kg P and 2.6 kg K，respectively．The average facility tomato yield was 85.0 t ·hm^-2（n = 703）．The N，P and K accumulation amount were 213.5，55.1 and 352.1 kg · hm^-2，respectively．The IE value were 458.2，1 941.5，287.9 kg · kg^-1，respectively．The best N，P and K requirement quantities for producing 1 t of facility tomato fruits were 2.19 kg N，0.56 kg P，3.36 kg K，respectively．The average economic yield of scallion was 60.4 t · hm^-2（n = 976）．The N，P and K accumulation quantities were 128.8，18.9 and 117.7 kg · hm^-2，respectively．The IE value were 503.7，3 368.7 and 593.3 kg · kg^-1，respectively．The best N，P and K requirement quantities for producing 1 t of scallion were 1.92 kg N，0.28 kg P and 1.69 kg K，respectively．
  
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  Establishment of Molecular Identify Card for Radish Germplasm Resources Based on Genome Structural Variation

  YAN Chenghuan，CUI Lei，REN Zhiyong，HUANG Yan，JIAO Zhenbiao，ZHU Fengjuan，ZHANG Zhenxing，GAN Caixia，DENG Xiaohui，QIU Zhengming

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(1): 49-57.

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  The types of radish germplasm resources are multiple．It is difficult to determine its genetic relationship by phenotype evaluation．This experiment integrated the whole genome resequencing data of 4 radish accessions and the reduced genomic sequencing data of 520 radish accessions to carry out bioinformatics analysis；identified the structural variation at genome-scale of radish population；and developed 24 user-friendly molecular markers．Using the above markers，this experiment conducted genotyping on 255 accessions of radish germplasm resources，and constructed corresponding radish molecular identity cards．Clustering analysis revealed that 255 accessions radish germplasm resources could be divided into 4 categories at the correlation coefficient of 0.55．Based on the klenow fragment insertion/deletion development of molecular markers at genome level，the advantages of high versatility，low cost，convenient for detection would promote the purity identification of radish germplasm resources and molecular breeding．
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  Screening of Drought Resistance Relate Indexes in Diploid Potato

  GAO Chunyan，QIN Junhong，DUAN Shaoguang，XU Jianfei，BIAN Chunsong，JIN Liping，LI Guangcun

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(1): 58-66.

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  Potato is an important grain-vegetable-forage crop．In China it is mainly distributed in arid and semi-arid areas．Drought severely affects potato production．Therefore，it is of great importance to screen drought-resistant germplasm and foster varieties with drought resistance and high-yielding potential．This study firstly evaluated the drought resistance of diploid populations containing 121 genotypes，and divided them into 5 categories according to the drought resistance coefficient．Among them，16 were extremely drought-resistant and 14 were highly drought-sensitive．One genotype was further selected from each category for further studies，namely conducting different water treatments，measuring plant height，photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence related indicators and yield，etc. and calculating each indicator’s correlation with yield and drought resistance coefficient．The results showed that under different water conditions，along with potato growth and development and aggravation of drought stress，the correlation of each indicator with yield and drought resistance coefficient was changed．Therefore，when screening high-yield droughtresistant materials，certain indicators need to be determined during a specific period．Under pot culture conditions，substrate relative water content was 35%-45%，the drought resistance coefficient of each genotype had the highest correlation with that in the fields．And there were maximum indicators having the significant relationship with the drought resistance coefficient under this water treatment．Plant height and Chl at budding stage and P_WUE and Tr at full blossom stage were significantly correlated with yield，which could be used preliminarily to determine the yield of each genotype．At full blossom stage，P_WUE and drought resistance coefficient was significantly positively correlated in the condition that substrate relative water content was 75%-85%，which could be used to distinguish the drought resistance of selected genotype．
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  Establishment and Verification of Lettuce Strong Seedling Index Model Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation

  ZHANG Bin，GONG Binbin，BIAN Xinyu，WU Xiaolei，LI Jingrui，LYU Guiyun，GAO Hongbo

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(1): 67-73.

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  Lettuce as one of the main varieties of leaf vegetables，its seedling quality plays an important role in promoting the yield and quality，mechanized transplanting and harvesting．This experiment took head lettuce‘Sheshou 101’as test material；on the basis of measuring 16 trait indexes，calculated the comprehensive evaluation index of seedlings by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method；preliminarily constructed the strong seedling index model by principal component analysis method；carried out correlation analysis on comprehensive evaluation index；and obtained a large correlation but stable lettuce strong seedling index．This experiment also conducted verification using 3 different types of lettuce varieties‘Sheshou 101’（head lettuce），‘Lyudie’（half head lettuce），and‘Bolicui’（loose leaf lettuce）．The results showed that the comprehensive evaluation index of lettuce seedlings was distributed on 0.215-0.958，which could be used as evaluation basis for precision of strong seedling index．24 strong seedling index models were constructed by principal component analysis method，and 8 models with greater correlation were verified．Among them，the correlation of model X15“leaf area × average root diameter × underground fresh mass × width-length ratio”was the largest（0.749）．The verified correlation of these 3 lettuce varieties all were the highest，proving that this model could be used for accurate evaluation of seedling quality．Correlations of the other 7 models were also significantly higher than those of the contrast，but model X19“above ground fresh mass × total length of root system × underground fresh mass × width-length ratio”index measurement was relatively easy，which could be used as an alternative model for production application．
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  Effect of Temperature in Directional Trough on Expansion and Development of Chinese Yam Tuber

  GUO Wenqi，ZHANG Peitong，WANG Li，LIU Xiansong，YIN Jianmei，JIN Lin，JIANG Lu，HAN Xiaoyong，DU Jing，LI Chunhong

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(1): 74-81.

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  Taking the supergene planting in directional trough pattern，this paper studied the effect of temperature of directional trough on Chinese yam tuber expansion and development by straw mulching measure．The results showed that the high temperature in directional trough during Chinese yam expansion period was mainly caused by the combined action of air temperature and sunshine．Straw mulching measure had reduced the daily average temperature，daily maximum temperature and daily range of temperature in the directional trough and tuber deformity rate，yet the yield was improved．Straw mulching measure had promoted the yam tuber expansion mainly through improving the accumulation rate of fresh and dry weights during the expansion accelerating period and rapid expansion period of yam tubers．Then，the yield of Chinese yam was increased．Furthermore，straw mulching measure had increased the contents of starch，saponin and polysaccharide in tubers，thus improved the quality of Chinese yam．
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  Identification of Strain B4-8 Against Rhizoctonia solani and Evaluation of Its Biocontrol Effect

  LAN Dayu，LI Fengfang，HE Guangjie，XU Mengxing，WU Xiaogang，LI Qiqin，LIN Wei，YUAN Gaoqing

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(1): 82-88.

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  In order to clarify the taxonomic status of strain B4-8 having biocontrol effect on tomato damping-off，and explore its biocontrol mechanism and safety for human being，this study carried out identification on strain B4-8 based on morphological，physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis．The antifungal spectrum was determined by plate confrontation culture method，and its biocontrol effect on tomato damping-off was evaluated by pot experiment．The strain action mechanism was preliminarily analyzed by physiological，biochemical and molecular biological methods．The safety of strain B4-8 for plants and human being was determined by onion and lettuce leaf midrib infection models，and PCR amplification detecting gene BCESM（Burkholderia cepacia epidemic strain marker ）．The results showed that the antagonistic strain B4-8 was Burkholderia cepacia．This strain had stronger inhibitory activity on 6 pathogenic fungi，including Rhizoctonia solani，Fusarium oxysporum and Deightoniella torulosa，etc.．Its indoor control efficacy on tomato damping-off reached 71.43%．This strain could inhibit mycelial growth of tomato damping-off；had stronger ability of forming biofilm；could produce antimicrobial metabolites，including protease，chitinase and nitropyrrolidin，etc.．However，BCESM gene was not detected in strain B4-8 by PCR，and strain B4-8 was unable to cause pathogenicity of onion and lettuce leaf midrib，preliminarily indicating that it was safe for plants and human being，and had potential to control tomato damping-off．
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  Identification of Pathogen Causing Black Spot Disease on Chinese Cabbage in Liupanshui District of Guizhou and Studies on Its Cultural Characteristics

  LONG Qiaofang，LIANG Wen，JIANG Qingna，WU Fengkang，LI Qian，YANG Youlian，ZHANG Xiaoyong

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(1): 89-95.

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  Black spot disease is one of the important diseases for Chinese cabbage，often causing severe damage in field production．In order to identify the species of pathogen of black spot disease of Chinese cabbage grown in Liupanshui District of Guizhou Province，this study took 4 strains isolated from Chinese cabbage black spot disease samples in 4 cultivated sites of Liupanshui District by dilution coating method．Based on morphological characteristics and ITS，Alt-a1，tef-1 polygenic sequence analysis，4 strains were all identified as Alternaria brassicae．Results of biological characteristics study indicated that PDA was the optimal medium for this strain，and its optimal carbon sources were yeast extract power and peptone．Its optimal nitrogen source was glucose．The optimum temperature for mycelium growth and spore germination were 25 ℃．The best pH for mycelium growth was 7．The lethal temperature of spore was below 55 ℃ treating with 10 min．
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  A New Pakchoi F₁ Hybrid —‘Sujun 228’

  HUANG Zhiyin，FAN Weiqiang，ZHANG Hong，WANG Chaonan，LI Mei，LIU Xiaohui，ZHANG Bin

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(1): 96-98.

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  ‘Sujun 228’is a new early-maturing pakchoi F₁ Hybrid developed by crossing 2 selfincompatible lines‘08N2 xiaoliang-3s’and‘09JP50-2s’．It grows fast with beautiful plant type．It takes about 30 days from sowing to harvesting in summer and autumn．It is about 23 cm in plant height and about 25 cm in spread width．The leaves are light green in color with wide flat，good gloss petioles，but without wax powder．It is highly resistant to virus disease and downy mildew，resistant to soft rot．Its tolerance to hot and wet is stronger．It can yield about 60 t · hm^-2．It has wide adaptability all over the country for spring and autumn cultivation．
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  A New Processing Hot Pepper F₁ Hybrid —‘Guota 166’

  CHEN Bin，ZHANG Xiaofen，DU Heshan，JIA Zhiyang，GENG Sansheng

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(1): 99-102.

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  ‘Guota 166’is a new mid-early pod pepper F₁ hybrid，developed by crossing cytoplasmic male sterile line‘16-Y300A’as female parent and inbred line‘16-Y304’as male parent．It belongs to the type of Guizhou bead pepper．The plant type is semi-erect．It has strong successive fruit-bearing ability．One single plant can bear 60-80 fruits．The fruit is of short conical shape with round top，about 3.8 cm in length and about 3.6 cm in width．Its flesh is about 0.3 cm in thickness．The single fruit weight is about 20 g．The ripe fruit is green in color and old ripe fruit is red in color．It tastes spicy and is easy dehydrated．It is suitable for dried processing．Its commodity rate is high．It is resistant to TMV．The VC content in its fruit is 963 mg · kg^-1．It can yield fresh pepper about 25.5 t · hm^-2 and dry pepper about 8.25 t · hm^-2．It is suitable to be cultivated in Guizhou Province and Henan Province for making dried pepper，salted and pickled pepper．
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  A New Eggplant F₁ Hybrid —‘Yuqie No.7’

  ZOU Min，TIAN Shibing，YANG Yang，JIANG Changchun，WANG Yongqing，WANG Zhijing，LUO Zhangyong，TAO Tao，BAO Zhongxian，ZHOU Shanshan

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(1): 102-104.

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  ‘Yuqie No.7’is a new eggplant F₁ hybrid of late maturity，developed by crossing inbred line‘897-5’as female parent and inbred line‘896-1-1’as male parent．The first flower is setting on 13-14th nodes．It takes about 65 days from field planting to first harvesting．The plant has strong growth vigor．It is about 130 cm in plant height and about 70 cm in spread width．Its fruit is of long cylindrical shape，about 31 cm in length and about 7.3 cm in width．The average single fruit weight is 0.35 kg．Its peel is dark purple black in color，and white-green under fruit calyx．Its flesh is white-green and loose．It can yield about 60 t ·hm^-2．It is suitable for cultivation in open fields in spring in Chongqing and surrounding areas．
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  A New Pepper Rootstock F₁ Hybrid —‘Liaojiaozhen 3’with Resistant to Phytophthora Blight

  WANG Xiuxue，ZHANG Xi，XIN Bin，ZOU Chunlei

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(1): 105-108.

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  ‘Liaojiaozhen 3’is a new resistant to Phytophthora blight pepper rootstock，developed by crossing CMS male sterile line‘A1142-3’as female parent and restorer line‘1231-5’obtained from backcrossing as male parent．The plant has strong growth vigor and well developed root system．Its fruit is of short horn shape．The fruit is 8.1-9.2 cm in length，and 2.7-3.2 cm in width．The single fruit weight is 27-35 g，and thousand seed weight is 5.8-6.2 g．The ripe fruit is green in color and old ripe fruit is red in color．Its pungency degree is moderate．It has good graft compatibility with pepper．The grafted seedlings have high survival rate，and stronger resistant to Phytophthora blight after grafting．It is suitable for protected field pepper grafting cultivation．