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01 March 2022, Volume 1 Issue 3
    

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  • Research Progress on Main Disease Resistance Breeding of Watermelon
    LIU Yang，XIE Lulu，ZHANG Siyuan，GAO Jianchang
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(3): 17-28.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Diseases is a key factor restricting watermelon production．This paper introduced the clinical characters of Fusarium wilt，powdery mildew，gummy stem blight，anthracnose，bacterial fruit blotch and Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus，and research progress made in pathogen，inheritance rule of resistance， resistance gene mapping，molecular marker，and resistant varieties breeding，etc. fields．The paper also prospected direction for future development，hoping to provide references for watermelon disease resistance breeding．
  • Identification and Abiotic Stress Response Analysis of CESA Family Genes in Cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）
    KANG Chen，ZHAO Xuefang，WANG Peng，LI Yadong，TIAN Zhejuan，WU Zhiming
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(3): 29-41.
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    Cellulose synthase（CESA） is an important enzyme in the process of cellulose synthesis，and plays very important role in cell wall formation and plant growth and development．This experiment identified and gained 35 CESA gene family members from‘9930’genome-wide data of cucumber cultivar，and divided them into 6 groups by phylogenetic analysis．Subcellular localization showed that most of the members were located in the plasma membrane，and a small part was located in the Golgi apparatus．Collinearity analysis of CESA family genes among species showed that there were 15 and 12 homologous gene pairs in the CESA gene families in Arabidopsis and tomato，respectively，and 19 and 20 homologous gene pairs in CESA gene families in watermelon and melon，respectively．Analysis on cis-acting element indicated that these members of CsCESA gene family shared similar cis-acting elements，including plant hormones-responsive，abiotic stressresponsive， temporal and spatial gene expression elements and elements involved in biological processes． Transcriptome data and qRT-PCR results showed that CsCESA gene family were differentially expressed in different tissues，and most of them were induced by abiotic stress and plant hormone．Among them， CsCESA5，CsCESA20 and CsCESA28 could respond to induction of low temperature，salt stress，ABA and MeJA，suggesting that these 3 genes might play an important role in cucumber response to abiotic stress．
  • Effect of Solar-Shading Screen with Different Colors and Densities on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Over-Summer Pepper Seedlings
    TIAN Di，WANG Junwei，DENG Wentao，WU Qiuyun，HUANG Ke
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(3): 42-49.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    High temperature hot summer with heavy rain and strong sunlight had seriously affected the culture of pepper seedlings．In order to explore the effect of solar-shading screen with different colors and densities on growth of over-summer pepper seedling，this study took pepper varieties of ‘Ruanpi No.15’ as test material；covered seedlings with 5 different specifications solar-shading screens，including green 3， black 3，green 6，black 6，blue 6；and took no solar-shading screen cover as the contrast（CK）．The results showed that the plant height，aerial parts fresh weight of pepper seedlings，and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents， minimal（Fo）and maximal（Fm）fluorescence，maximal photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm），and photochemical quenching（qP）in pepper seedling leaves treated with black 3 were all significantly higher than those of the contrast．The leaves growth of over-summer pepper seedlings，transportation and accumulation of assimilat products to vegetative organs，photosynthetic pigments contents，and openness of PS Ⅱ reaction center were improved；integrity of photosynthetic system membrane，smooth transmission of photosynthetic electrons were protected．Considering these indicators，we believed covering solar-shading screens of black 3 was beneficial to pepper seedlings culture over-summer．It is worthwhile to recommend to production．
  • Medium and Trace Element Contents in Lotus Field Soils at Guangchang County of Jiangxi Province and Spatial Variability Evaluation
    PEI Jiachen，YANG Liangbo，LIU Dongbi，ZHAO Yue，ZHU Jianqiang，WU Maoqian，YUYanfeng，ZHENG Xingwen，TANG Jiping，JIE Zhihui
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(3): 50-57.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    This paper took soils from lotus fields in Guangchang County of Jiangxi Province as research object；measured the contents of medium and trace element contents of lotus field soils from 6 main production villages and towns；evaluated their nutrient abundance and deficiency；and analyzed their spatial variation characteristics．The results showed that the contents of exchangeable calcium （ex. Ca）and exchangeable magnesium（ex. Mg）were 834 ± 493 mg · kg-1 and 88.4 ± 22.4 mg · kg-1， respectively；available sulfur（av. S）was 28.9 ± 12.4 mg · kg-1，available boron（av. B）was 0.19 ±0.09 mg · kg-1，respectively；available zinc（av. Zn）and available copper（av. Cu）were 6.42 ± 3.09 mg · kg-1 and 5.02 ± 2.41 mg · kg-1，respectively；available iron（av. Fe）and available manganese（av. Mn）were 529 ± 120 mg · kg-1 and 71.5 ± 31.1 mg · kg-1，respectively；available molybdenum（av. Mo）content was 0.12 ± 0.19 mg · kg-1．The contents of ex. Ca，ex. Mg and av. S in lotus field soils were all lower．Among them the lack of ex. Mg was the most prominent．In trace element，the contents of av. B and av. Mo were very lower，whereas the contents of av. Zn，av. Cu，av. Fe and av. Mn were generally higher．Attention should be paid to the excessive contents of av. Fe and av. Mn．According to the spatial variation characteristics of medium and trace elements，in Yiqian Town seed lotus producing area attention should be paid to the lack of ex. Ca and ex. Mg and excessive av. Fe and av. Mn in soils． In Toupi Town and Xujiang Town seed lotus producing area，attention should be paid to the lack of av. S and av. B in soils.
  • Genetic Law of Purple Leaf and Green Leaf Shuidong Mustard and Their Quality Difference Analysis
    LI Haibo，YANG Guiling，ZHU Yunna，WANG Suqin，FENG Huimin
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(3): 58-64.
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    In order to master the genetic law and quality characteristics of purple leaf Shuidong mustard， and provide research direction for breeding mustard varieties with high anthocyanin content，this experiment constructed purple leaf and green leaf Shuidong mustard genetic population and near isogenic line population， and studied the differences in genetic rules，agronomic traits，color difference，pigment content and nutritional quality indexes between the purple leaf Shuidong mustard and green leaf Shuidong mustard．The results showed that controlling the purple leaf character of Shuidong mustard is a pair of dominant genes．The fresh weight of single plant purple leaf Shuidong mustard was significantly lower than that of green leaf Shuidong mustard， and there were not significant differences in the rest agronomic traits．The purple leaf Shuidong mustard were purplish red in color and green leaf Shuidong mustard were emerald green in color．The color ratio of purple leaf Shuidong mustard leaf blade was significantly higher than that of green leaf Shuidong mustard． The contents of anthocyanins，total phenols and flavonoids of purple leaf Shuidong mustard were high up to 5 353.3，5 076.7 and 5 669.7 mg · kg-1（FW），respectively，reaching extremely significant different levels with that of purple leaf Shuidong mustard．There were not significant differences in the contents of chlorophyll a，chlorophyll b，chlorophyll a+b，carotenoids，soluble sugar，VC，soluble solids，protein and crude fiber．The contents of anthocyanins，total phenols and flavonoids were extremely significant positively correlated．Comparing with green leaf Shuidong mustard，purple leaf Shuidong mustard basically maintained the agronomic properties and nutritional quality of original green leaf Shuidong mustard．While，the health function component contents of anthocyanins，total phenols and flavonoids were extrem significantly higher than that of green leaf Shuidong mustard．Purple leaf Shuidong mustard could be extended as a health vegetable with high anthocyanin content．
  • Screening and Identification of Interacting Proteins of Chieh-qua CqWRKY31
    YAN Jinqiang，WANG Min，PENG Qingwu，LIU Wenrui，JIANG Biao，XIE Dasen，HE Xiaoming
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(3): 65-71.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Fusarium wilt is a main disease in chieh-qua production．CqWRKY31 was found as a positive regulator responding to fusaric acid（FA），toxin of Fusarium wilt．In order to excavate the function of CqWRKY31，this experiment screened its interacting proteins by yeast-two-hybrid technology．The results indicated that there were 45 proteins with potential interaction with CqWRKY31．Further verification of rotary experiments confirmed that 42 proteins were interacted with CqWRKY31 in yeast．All positive clones were sequenced and blast analyzed．Among these 42 identified proteins，10 SRC2 or SRC2 homologous proteins， 3 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase DIS1s，6 DNA-DAMAGE INDUCIBLE proteins and 3 AT-hook motif nuclearlocalized proteins were included．These results had laid a theoretical foundation for analyzing the resistance mechanism of CqWRKY31 in regulating Fusarium wilt of chieh-qua．
  • A Real-time Fluorescence RT-PCR Method for Detecting Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus
    LIU Jianqing，WANG Taoyuan，LI Xiaoyu，ZHANG Chunyu，SU Ying，WEI Jian，ZHANGJinhua，WANG Yongzhi
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(3): 72-77.
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    Onion yellow dwarf virus（OYDV）is one of the major viruses harming Allium plants． A method of real-time fluorescence RT-PCR was established and optimized by using a pair of specific primers according to conserved sequence from the coat protein gene of OYDV．Then its specificity，sensitivity and repeatability were verified．Results displayed that the standard curve Ct value and logarithmic of template copy number showed a good linear relationship．The correlation coefficient was 0.996 and amplification efficiency was 95.921%．There was no crossing reaction with Shallot virus X（SVX） and Shallot latent virus （SLV）．The lowest detection limit was 2.0 × 102 copies · μL-1，about 1 000 times higher than that of the routine RT-PCR．Both variable coefficients of intra-assay and inter-assay were less than 2%，having good repeatability．This experiment utilized this method and detected 45 samples collected respectively from suspected infectious tillering onion（shallot）and garlic．The detection rates were 40.00 and 6.67 percentage point higher than those by conventional RT-PCR assay，respectively，reflecting more objectively the toxic status of samples．The OYDV real-time fluorescence RT-PCR method established by this experiment has good specificity，sensitivity and repeatability．It can be used for detecting OYDV samples in the fields and provide technical support for effective prevention and control of OYDV．
  • Establishment of in vitro Regeneration System of Watermelon Cotyledon
    NIU Bo，ZHANG Chenguang，LIU Yang，ZHANG Siyuan，XIE Lulu，GAO Jianchang，LI Meiyang
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(3): 78-82.
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    In order to establish a high efficient watermelon cotyledon regeneration culture system，this paper took watermelon variety ‘Xiangxiu’of small fruit type as test material；selected cotyledon cultured under aseptic conditions for 4-5 days as explant；and studied the effects of exogenous hormones（6-BA， NAA，IAA and IBA）on the regeneration of watermelon cotyledons in vitro．Results showed that the optimal medium for inducing adventitious buds was MS + 2.25 mg · L-1 6-BA + 0.1 mg · L-1 NAA．The induction rate was 90.56%．The optimal medium for adventitious bud elongation was MS + 1.0 mg · L-1 6-BA + 0.50 mg · L-1 IAA．The optimal medium for rooting was 1/2MS + 1.0 mg · L-1 IBA．The rooting rate could reach 93.33%． The survival rate of regeneration seedling after acclimitation and transplant could reach 98.33%．It took about 63 days from cotyledon inoculation to acquisitio of transplantable regenerated seedlings．
  • Analysis of Soil Factors Causing Garlic Planting Obstacle （‘Seedling Death’）in Pengzhou City of Sichuan Province
    CHAI Dan，YU Jinyang，HUANG Xiaohui，SHUAI Zhengbin，YANG Bin，GUO Jianghong，CHEN Qiang
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(3): 83-88.
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    Pengzhou City is a main garlic producing area in Sichuan Province．The annual head of garlic output is about 80 thousand-100 thousand tons．Recently，there occurred obvious obstacle in garlic planting areas，mainly for‘seedling death’．This experiment collected respectively the soil samples from garlic planting obstacle areas and garlic normal growth areas in Pengzhou City；analyzed their basic chemical properties；and carried out hydroponic experiments at the same time，aiming at finding out the major soil factors causing garlic planting obstacle．The results showed that the soil from garlic planting obstacle areas in Pengzhou City was acidified obviously．The contents of exchangeable acid，exchangeable H+ and Al 3+ in soil increased significantly．The hydroponic experiments further confirmed that the pH of soil extract liquid and Hoagland nutrient solution was the main factor affecting garlic root system growth．When the nutrient solution pH was less than 5.0，the garlic root system growth was suffocated．While，when the nutrient solution pH was less than 4.0，the garlic root system could not form．Apparently，soil acidification is the main reason for garlic planting obstacle in Pengzhou City．
  • Synergism Effect of 3% Lecithin · vitamin E on Different Fungicides in Controlling Tomato Gray Mold
    ZUO Jiao，HU Rongjuan，XIA Aiping，WANG Wenqiao，ZHANG Ruiping
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(3): 89-93.
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    Taking field experiment method，this paper studied the synergistic effect of a new biological additive，3% lecithin · vitamin E on controlling tomato gray mold by fungicide pyrisoxazole 25% emulsifiable concentrate（EC）and 38% pyraclostrobin · boscalid water dispersible granules（WG）．The results showed that the final control effects of pyrisoxazole 25% EC 1 605 mL · hm-2 + 3% lecithin·vitamin E 180 mL · hm-2， 38% pyraclostrobin · boscalid WG 750 g · hm-2 + 3% lecithin · vitamin E 180 mL · hm-2 on gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea on tomato leaves and fruits were significantly higher than that of the single treatment of corresponding fungicide，and the tomato yield was also significantly increased．After 20% reduction of these 2 fungicides and then adding 3% lecithin · vitamin E，there were no significant differences between the control effect of gray mold on tomato leaves and fruits，yield by single and full dose treatments of each of the 2 fungicides．Also there is no phytotoxic effect．So it is safe to use．
  • Enhancing Control Effect of Burkholderia vietnamiensis B418 Combined with Fosthiazate Against Cucumber Root-knot Nematode（Meloidogyne incognita）
    HU Jindong，WEI Yanli，WANG Yilian，LIU Baojun，LI Jishun
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(3): 94-99.
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    Root-knot nematode（RKN）is one of the important diseases seriously affecting vegetable production in China．This study improved the design of RKN plot experiment，and divided the experimental fields into 3 types：nematode mild，moderate，and severe，according to RKNs number in the soil．Then rerandomize was carried out within blocks to overcome the result bias of direct random permutation．The results showed that in the process of controlling cucumber nematode，matching up Burkholderia viennensis B418 with fosthiazate for soil treatment could obviously reduce the disease index of cucumber RKNs，and improve the control efficacy of fosthiazate against cucumber RKNs．105 days after field planting，the control efficacy was significantly higher than that by single treatment of fosthiazate．The average efficacy in 3 types of mild， moderate，and severe plots had reached 63.99%．At the same time，plant root system development was promoted，yield was remarkably increased，and a synergistic effect was realized．
  • A New Fruit Cucumber F1 Hybrid —‘Jingyanmini No.8’
    WANG Hang，WEN Changlong，MAO Aijun
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(3): 100-102.
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    ‘Jingyanmini No.8’is a new fruit cucumber F1 hybrid developed by crossing gynoecious line‘G2’as maternal parent and‘M118’as paternal parent．It belongs to full gynoecious type．It is of medium and early maturity．The plant has strong growth vigor．Its fruit setting rate is high．The fruits primarily set on the main stem．The first flower sets at about the 5th node．The fruit is of straight and cylindrical shape with smooth surface，but without spine．Its fruit is about 15 cm in length with green peel and light green flesh．The fruit tastes sweet and crispy with good quality．In overwinter greenhouse cultivation its yield can reach 180 t · hm-2．It is highly resistant to powdery mildew，resistant to downy mildew，mediumresistant to CMV．It is tolerant to low temperature，weak light and high temperature．It is suitable to be cultivated in overwinter and spring greenhouses and under spring and autumn plastic tunnel in areas of Northern China．
  • A New Pakchoi F1 Hybrid —‘Jiguang 357’
    HUANG Zhiyin，ZHANG Hong，FAN Weiqiang，WANG Chaonan，LI Mei，LIU Xiaohui，ZHANG Bin
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(3): 103-105.
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    ‘Jiguang 357’is new pakchoi F1 hybrid developed by crossing 2 self-incompatible lines‘KH03’and‘NC05’．The plant is of semi-erect type，about 22 cm in plant height and about 25 cm in spread width．It has big head，beam waist and abound leaf numbers．It grows fast．Its leaves are dark green in color with wide，smooth and green petioles，but without wax powder．Its glossiness is strong．This variety is high resistant to virus disease and downy mildew，resistant to soft rot，and tolerant to low temperature and bolting．The contents of crude fiber and soluble sugar are 0.8% and 3.57%，respectively．It is yield about 67.5 t · hm-2．It is suitable for planting over winter，in cooler spring for crop rotation，and open fields in southern areas of the Yangtze River and protected fields in northern areas of the Yangtze River．
  • A New Pepper F1 Hybrid —‘Jinjiao 102’
    CHENG Yan，JIAO Yansheng，LIANG Yanping，TIAN Ruxia，Miao Ruyi
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(3): 106-108.
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    ‘Jinjiao 102’is a new fresh hot pepper F1 hybrid，developed by crossing inbred line‘78-1’ as female parent and inbred line‘53-1’as male parent．It is of medium maturity．The plant has strong growth vigor．It is 60-70 cm in plant height with about 68 cm in spread width．The first flower sets on about the 9th node．It has strong continuous fruit setting ability．The consistency between upper and lower layer fruits is good．Its fruit is of long sheep horn shape．There are rumple at fruit shoulder and shallow groove edges on fruit surface．The fruit is 23-32 cm in length，and 3.0-3.5 cm in shoulder width with 3 ventricles． The pulp is about 0.35 cm in thickness．The single fruit weight is about 35 g．The ripe fruit is green in color， and old ripe fruit is red in color with good glossiness．Its VC content is 1 167.3 mg · kg-1（FW），and capsaicin content is 0.16%．It is resistant to Phytophthora blight and TMV．It can yield 42-63 t · hm-2．It is suitable for planting in spring plastic greenhouse and summer open fields in Shanxi Province and areas with similar climate conditions．
  • A New Water Chestnut Variety —‘Guiti No.3’
    JIANG Wen，CHEN Lijuan，HUANG Chengmei，GAO Meiping，CAI Binghua，FANG Yanrong，HE Qingshi，LAI Songxin
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(3): 109-112.
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    ‘Guiti No.3’is a new water chestnut cultivar developed by taking Guangdong Fangyu local water chestnut as material，screened and bred from fine mutant single plant through stem-tip tissue culture． It is of medium-late maturity．Its whole growth period is about 150 days．The plant has strong growth vigor．The leafy stem is dark green in color．The plant height is 90-110 cm with 4-7 creeping stem．The corm is of ellipsoidal shape，thick round with flat or slightly convex navel．The peel is dark bronzing in color．The vertical diameter is 4.5-4.8 cm and transverse diameter is 4.1-4.3 cm．The average single corn weight is 31.7 g．In fields，its resistance to stem blight is stronger than that of the contrast‘Guiti No.2’．Its soluble sugar content is 4.42%，starch content is 31.0 g · kg-1．It tastes crisp and sweet．It is tolerant to storage．It can yield 37.5-60.0 t · hm-2．It is suitable to be planted in most domestic water chestnut producing areas．
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