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01 September 2022, Volume 1 Issue 9
    

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  • Research Progress on Tomato Fusarium Crown and Root Rot
    SU Xiaomei，ZHU Chunyu，LIU Shumei，WANG Shihui，LYU Hongjun，HOU Lixia
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(9): 16-21.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Fusarium crown and root rot（FCRR）is a soil-borne fungal disease of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici（Forl）．It occurs all over the world，especially in facility cultivation，and has become one of the important diseases threatening facility tomato production in winter and spring in China．This paper combined the research progress made at home and abroad，summarized the occurrence of tomato fusarium crown and root rot，morbidity symptom，pathogen identification，evaluation of disease resistance，and genetic mapping of resistance gene，etc.，aiming to provide references for identification and control of FCRR，disease resistance breeding，resistant gene mapping and cloning，and molecular markers development，etc
  • Effect of Autotoxic Stress on Seed Germination and Antioxidant Property of Cucumber Scion and Rootstock
    XIAO Xuemei，MA Ning，LI Ju，WANG Rui，HU Linli，WU Yue，YU Jihua
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(9): 22-29.
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    In order to verify the different response of cucumber scion and rootstock seed germination to autotoxic stress，and its potential physiological metabolism and gene regulation mechanism，this paper took cucumber and Cucurbita ficifolia as test material；set 0.25 mmol · L-1 exogenous cinnamic acid（CA）to simulate antotoxic stress；used distilled water as the contrast；and studied the effects of cinnamic acid on seed germination，radicle morphology，reactive oxygen species（ROS）accumulation and antioxidant system of cucumber and C. ficifolia．The results showed that CA treatment significantly inhibited the seed germination and radicle growth of cucumber. Its germination rate，radicle total root length，root surface area，root volume and number of root tips were decreased by 7.8 percent point，and 28.1%，22.2%，14.9% and 46.6%，respectively，than those of the contrast．While，the seed germination rate of C. ficifolia was slightly increased. Only root surface area was decreased by 17.2%．CA treatment had significantly promoted the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）and superoxide anion（O2-.）of cucumber during various germination period．At 48 h after germination，MDA content had increased significantly by 26.2% than that of the contrast．But，except for the significant accumulation of H2O2 in the later period of germination（48 h and 72 h）of C.ficifolia，there was no significant differences in the other indexes comparing with those of the contrast．CA treatment had caused increasing at first then decreasing in cucumber SOD，CAT，APX and GR activity. At 48 h after germination，those index reduced by 26.0%，33.3%，65.2% and 26.7%，respectively comparing with that of the contrast．However，the enzyme activity of C. ficifolia was always higher than or close to that of the contrast．The expression quantities of cucumber antioxidant enzyme genes Cu-ZnSOD，Fe-MnSOD，CAT，APX and GR under CA treatment were down-regulated by 95%，73%，70%，91% and 89%，respectively．While the five genes of C. ficifolia were up-regulated by 148%，272%，148%，199% and 272%，respectively．Therefore，the seed germination tolerance of C. ficifolia to cinnamic acid stress was higher than that of cucumber．The higher tolerance might depend on its well developed root system and stronger antioxidant capacity．
  • Effects of Root Exudates of Different Wheat Varieties on Cucumber Growth，Fusarium Wilt Occurrence and Pathogenic Bacteria
    DONG Hang，WU Jinbao，QIN Kai，JIANG Zhen，FU Lianshuang，LYU Shuang，LIU Shouwei，WU Fengzhi
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(9): 30-38.
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    Taking cucumber variety ‘Jinqiu No.1’ as test material，this paper studied the effects of different wheat varieties’root exudates on cucumber growth and Fusarium wilt occurrence using potted way．Meanwhile，the paper also studied the effect of root secretion on cuccumber Fusarium wilt pathogen growth and development by dish culture method．The results indicated that the Fusarium wilt incidences of cucumber treated by X04 and X12 wheat root exudates were all significantly lower than that of the contrast；and disease indexes of cucumber treated by X01，X02，X03，X04，X05，X08，X09，X10 and X12 root exudates were all significantly lower than that of the contrast．The control effects were all over 45%．Among the treatments of each variety，the disease incidence rate and disease index of cucumber treated by X04 were the lowest and control efficiency was the best．The plant height，stem thickness，dry weight of above-ground and whole plant of cucumber treated by X01，X02，X03，X04，X05，X06，X08，X09，X10 and X12 root exudates were all significantly higher than that of the contrast．Except for X11，X14 and X15 root exudates treatments，above-ground and whole plant fresh weight of cucumber treated by the rest wheat varieties were all significantly higher than that of the contrast．Among treatments of each variety，all growth indexes of cucumber treated with X04 root exudates were the highest．The colony diameters，biomasses，spore germination rates and spore yields of Fusarium wilt in pathogen from cucumber treated by X01，X02，X03，X04，X09 and X12 root exudates all were significantly lower than that of the contrast．Among the treatments of each variety，the colony diameter treated by X03 was the smallest，the spore germination rates treated by X01，X03 and X04 were lower，and the biomasses and spore yields treated by X04 were the lowest．Summing up the above，4 kinds of wheat root exudates，namely X01，X04，X09 and X12 had better effects in inhibiting the occurrence of cucumber Fusarium wilt and growth and development of pathogenic bacteria．Besides，they also had certain effect in promoting cucumber growth．Among them，X04 had the best effect．
  • Effect of Methylotrophic Bacillus on Growth and Element Accumulation for Cucumber Plug Seedling
    MA Fei，WANG Jing，WANG Junzheng，HU Xiaohui
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(9): 39-46.
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    In order to explore the effect of different dosages of methylotrophic bacillus inoculants on cucumber plug seedlings and its regulation mechanism，and to screen optimal dosage，this paper took ‘Bonai 526’ cucumber as test material；studied the effects of different concentrations of methylotrophic bacillus mixed in substrate on morphological development，biomass，chlorophyll content，element accumulation，root system morphology and root system hormone content of cucumber plug seedlings．The results showed that comparing with seedlings under treatment without applying aseptic agent（CK），applying methylotrophic bacillus could significantly improve the morphological indicators of cucumber seedlings．T2-T5 treatments had significantly increased the biomass，strong seedling index，and growth function（G value） of cucumber seedlings．The increasing rage were 58.0%-70.6%，3.2%-24.2% and 56.1%-75.6%，respectively．The chlorophyll content of seedling leaf blades decreased first，then increased with the increase of inoculant dosage．The increasing rage of T4 treatment was significantly higher than that of the other treatments．The total chlorophyll content had increased 23.9% comparing with the CK．Applying methylotrophic bacillus increased the contents of auxin acid（IAA） and jasmonic acid（JA）in seedling root system；reduced the ethylene level；promoted the increase of cucumber root length，root surface area，root diameter，root volume and root tip number to varying degrees，and also increased the accumulation quantity of plant N，P，K elements．As you see，methylotrophic bacillus could promote root system growth；and then enhance the absorption，assimilation and material accumulation of elements；affect the content of chlorophyll，and comprehensively regulate the growth and development of cucumber seedlings. Besides，its effect could be regulated by dose．Medium and high-dose treatments（T3，T4 and T5） had overall better effects on morphological development，physiological metabolism，element absorption and dry matter accumulation than low-dose treatments（T1 and T2）．Considering the effects and production costs by different use level of inoculants，it is recommended to add 15 kg · m-3 of methylotrophic Bacillus inoculum（5 × 1010 CFU · g-1） to substrate in factory-like plug seedling culture．
  • Bioinformatics Analysis of Pepper CAMTA Gene Family
    JIANG Honghua，LI Li，LI Xuefeng
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(9): 47-56.
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    In order to understand the bioinformatics function of pepper CAMTA gene family，explore its gene expression characteristics under abiotic stress，and provide a basis for development of pepper CAMTA gene function and breeding of stress resistance，this study gained pepper CAMTA family members on PlantTFDB website，and analyzed the gene structure，domains，protein tertiary structure，evolutionary relationship，cis-acting element，hormon treatment, and abiotic stress expression．The results showed that there were 5 CAMTA members in pepper，all containing CG-1 conserved structure domains；mainly distributed on 4 chromosomes．There were obvious differences between their gene sizes．The numbers of amino acid were between 89-1 023，and exon numbers were between 1-13．Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that pepper CAMTA gene family could be divided into 3 groups，and the genetic relationship between amino acid sequence of pepper CAMTA and that of tomato was most closely．Results of gene expression analysis showed that the pepper CAMTA gene family had played a role in signal transduction and tissue development process after stress．
  • Analysis on Correlation of Microspore Development Stage and Flower Morphological Characteristics of Tuber Mustard‘Yongzha No.2’
    WANG Jie，MENG Qiufeng，ZHOU Jieping，REN Xiliang，GAO Tianyi，AN Xuejun
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(9): 57-62.
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    This study conducted cytological observation on anther and microspore at different developmental stages of tuber mustard‘Yongzha No.2’to definition cellular structure characteristics of microspores at each development stage；observed and measured the flower organ morphological index of microspore at different development stages；and analyzed the correlation between microspore development stage with flower organ morphology．Results showed that‘Yongzha No.2’microspore formation had experienced pollen mother cell，tetrad，early- or mid-uninucleate，late-uninucleate，binucleate and trinucleate（mature pollen）stages．Each stage had its own feature and certain correlation with flower organ external morphological index．The color characteristics of anther and petal were obvious in late-uninucleate stage and binuclear period．While，the petals at binucleate stage were longer than anthers．Therefor，the late-uninucleate stage of‘Yongzha No.2’microspore development could be easily distinguished by naked eye．There were significant differences in vertical and horizontal diameters of flower bud at each microspore development stages．Measuring vertical diameter of flower bud was simple and convenient．The range of vertical diameter of‘Yongzha No.2’flower bud in late-uninucleate stage was 3.50-3.79 mm，which could be used as standard for further determining the flower buds in late-uninucleate stage．
  • Cold Tolerance Identification of New Potato Variety ‘Minshu No.2’ in Winter Cropping Area of Southern China
    LUO Wenbin，LI Huawei，XU Guochun，LIN Zhijian，JI Rongchang，XU Yongqing，QIU Sixin，TANG Hao
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(9): 63-67.
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    In order to identify and evaluate the cold tolerance of new potato variety ‘Minshu No.2’，this paper took ‘Minshu No.2’ and ‘Favorita’（CK）as test materials；adopted conductivity and field natural frost methods to measure the semi-lethal temperature（LT50）of in vitro leaf before and after cold acclimation，plant damage grade before and after frost，moephological chacteristics and leaf microbial diversity index．The results showed that the LT50 of ‘Minshu No.2’ before and after cold acclimation were remarkably lower than that of‘ Favorita’．The damage grade of‘ Minshu No.2’ was significantly lower than that of‘ Favorita’ after low temperature frost．After frost，the changes in leaf tissue microorganism of ‘Minshu No.2’ were smaller than in‘ Favorita’．Summing up the above，‘Minshu No.2’ had stronger cold tolerance than‘ Favorita’．It is suggested to extend its plantation in potato winter planting area of southern China．
  • Monitoring Effect of Multispectral Remote Sensing in Identification of Potato Varieties Resistance to Early Blight
    LIU Kaixiang，ZHANG Fan，PAN Yang，LIU Fangming，YANG Zhihui，ZHU Jiehua
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(9): 68-75.
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    Based on multi-spectral remote sensing technology，this study scaned potato experimental field at low altitude using multi-spectral camera PARROT SEQUOIA on UAV platform；and identified the growth situation of potato varieties（lines）under disease stress．This study also conducted correlation analysis both on the early blight disease index of 21 varieties（lines）obtained by manual investigation，and NDVI data gained by scanning analysis．The results showed that NDVI data had extrem significant negative correlation with disease index，and the correlation coefficient was -0.973．The coefficient of determination（R2 value）in the linear regression analysis was 0.947．Therefore，it is confirmed that multispectral remote sensing technology can be applied to identify potato varieties（lines）resistance to early blight；and also improve the investigation efficiency．
  • Performance Test and Analysis on New Type Solar Greenhouse with Assembly Structure for Active Heat Storage and Release
    SI Changqing，HE Fen，ZHOU Changji，GAO Hechang，ZHANG Bai，LI Xiaoming
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(9): 73-79.
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    In order to improve the thermal insulation and heat storage performance of solar greenhouses in winter，this study designed a new type solar greenhouse with assembly structure for active heat storage and release，and actually tested the environmental performance of this greenhouses in the cold period of winter in Hebei，Inner Mongolia，and Ningxia regions．The results showed that the average daily temperature and mean value of daily minimum temperature in greenhouse at tested regions were 15-21 ℃ and 9.0-17.7 ℃，respectively．The average duration of daytime when indoor temperature greater than 15 ℃ all exceeded 7 h．And the daily average temperature at night and average value of indoor and outdoor temperature differences were 12.1-18.4 ℃ and 18.7-33.8 ℃，respectively．In absence of the other auxiliary heating conditions，the new type solar greenhouse with assembly structure for active heat storage and release has good thermal insulation and heat storage performance，strong applicability，and can meet the winter production needs of prefer warmth crops．
  • Effects of Paenibacillus polymyxa LRS-1 on Root Exudate under Stress of Pepper Phytophthora
    ZHANG Liang，YUAN Hong，DUAN Liangxia，LUO Yuqing，SHENG Hao
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(9): 80-86.
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    In order to explore the interaction mechanism of‘ biocontrol bacteria-Phytophthora-pepper root system’，this study took Paenibacillus polymyxa LRS-1 as biocontrol material；applied pot experiment in greenhouse；detected the composition and types of pepper root exudate under Phytophthora stress．The result showed that compared with the negative contrast，the contents of organic acid，protein and soluble sugar in pepper root exudate under Phytophthora stress were significantly increased，and the contents of organic acid and soluble sugar under Phytophthora stress and inoculated with Paenibacillus polymyxa LRS-1 were significantly decreased，while the protein content was significantly increased．The main components of pepper root exudate were esters，acids，amines，alcohols，ketones and hydrocarbon compound identified by GC-MS．There were more esters，acids and amines with relatively complicated structure，and less hydrocarbon and alcohol compound dominated by straight-chain or branched-chain alkanes．Under Phytophthora stress，the compound kinds in pepper root exudate increased significantly，and specific compound elements including methyl palmitate,etc. were detected．While，under Phytophthora stress，the compound kinds and contents in pepper root exudate inoculated with Paenibacillus polymyxis LRS-1 tended to be the same as the negative contrast．In addition，the relative contents of 3-phenyl-2-methyl acrylate，etc. in root exudate of pepper inoculated with LRS-1 was the highest，verifying that inoculation of Paenibacillus polymyxis LRS-1 could obviously alleviate the stress from Phytophthora infestation on pepper roots allelopathic．
  • A New Cucumber F1 Hybrid of Southern China Type —‘Tangchun 301’
    FU Lijun，LI Congxiao，GAO Feng
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(9): 87-90.
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    ‘Tangchun 301’is a new cucumber F1 hybrid of Southern China type developed by crossing inbred line‘T12’as female parent and inbred line‘D01’as male parent．It is of early maturity．The whole development period is about 120 days and harvest period is about 65 days．It belongs to predominate gynoecious type with 90.3% female flower setting rate．The first female flower of main stem sets on the 1-2th nodes．The plant has strong growth vigor．Both main and side vines can bear fruits．Its parthenocarpy ability is strong．The fruit is of straight and cylindrical shape．Its fruit is about 16 cm in length，about 4.8 cm in width with light green peel and small and sparse tumors．Its pulp is jade green in color．The single fruit weight is about 190 g．The soluble solid content is 2.8%，total sugar content is 17.2 mg · g-1 and VC content is 140.0 mg · kg-1．It is tolerant to low temperature and resistant to downy mildew and powdery mildew．It can yield 67.5-75.0 t ·hm-2．It is suitable for cultivation in spring and autumn protected fields and spring open fields in Hebei，Liaoning and Jilin Provinces．
  • A New Pumpkin F1 Hybrid —‘Jinyuanzaohong’
    MA Hailong，ZHI Haiying，YUE Qing，AN Xiaoning
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(9): 91-93.
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    ‘Jinyuanzaohong’is a new pumpkin F1 hybrid of chestnut-type developed by crossing inbred line‘DH1’as female parent and inbred line‘R34’as male parent．It is of early maturity and semi-dwarf type．The first female flower sets on the 6-8th node．The whole growth period is about 98 days and fruit development period is about 32 days．The fruit is of oblate shape．The peel of tender melon is yellow in color and that of old ripen one is orange red in color．Its pulp is golden yellow in color and tastes floury and delicate with good flavor．The total sugar content is 12.2%，reducing sugar content is 4.86%，soluble solid content is 9.3%，and dry matter content is 17.7%．It is suitable for spring cultivation in open fields at southern areas of Xinzhou City，Shanxi Province．The fruit setting number per plant is 1-2．Its single fruit weight is about 1.7 kg and yield is about 33 t · hm-2．
  • A New Pepper F1 Hybrid —‘Ruixue’
    YIN Jianmin，MA Xiufang，SHI Dapeng，YIN Huaisheng
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(9): 94-96.
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    ‘Ruixue’is a new pepper F1 hybrid of early-medium maturity developed by crossing inbred line‘P878’as female parent and inbred line‘P1088’as male parent．Its plant is of medium growth potential，with loose plant type．The first flower sets on about the 7th node．It is easy to bear fruit．The sizes of upper and lower layer fruits are uniform．The commodity fruit rate is high．The fruit is of horny shape with wrinkles，sunken shoulder and spiral stem base．The fruit is 22-30 cm in length and about 3 cm in shoulder width．The ripe fruit is green in color，and the old ripe fruit is bright red in color．The single fruit weight is about 60 g．The VC content is 920 mg · kg-1，and capsaicin content is 0.47%．It tastes spicy．In fields，its resistance to CMV，anthracnose and powdery mildew is stronger than that of the contrast‘Longjiao No.3’．It can yield about 90 t · hm-2．It is suitable for cultivation in early spring，late autumn and over winter at protected fields in Gansu Province and regions with same latitude．
  • A New Potato Variety —‘Longshu No.20’
    QU Yaying，BAI Yongjie，LI Zhang，ZHENG Yongwei，WEN Guohong，LI Gaofeng，QI Enfang，LI Jianwu，ZHANG Rong，MA Sheng，WEI Yuping
    China Vegetables. 2022, 1(9): 97-99.
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    ‘Longshu No.20’is a new potato variety，developed by crossing‘LK99’as female parent and‘Jizhangshu No.8’as male parent through sexual hybridization and systematic selection and breeding．It is of early-medium maturity．The growth period is about 89 days．It is of half-erect type．Its stem and leaves are luxuriant．The tubers are concentrated．The average tuber numbers per plant is 4.5．The rate of large and medium-sized tubers（＞ 75 g）is over 80%．The tuber is of oval shape．The tuber skin is smooth with shallow bud eyes．The tuber skin and flesh is all white in color．The single tuber weight is about 160 g．The dry matter content is 17.28%，crude starch content is 11.64%，crude protein content is 2.17%，VC content is 139.0 mg · kg-1，reducing sugar content is 0.29%．It can yield about 39 t · hm-2．Its resistance to late blight is stronger than that of the contrast‘LK99’．It is suitable for cultivation in Longnan，Tianshui，Lanzhou，Baiyin，Pingliang region of Gansu Province．
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