01 October 2022, Volume 1 Issue 10

    

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   Research Progress on Radish Genetic Breeding during‘The Thirteenth Five-year Plan’in China

  HU Haijiao1，WANG Jinglei 1，HU Tianhua 1，WANG Yikui 2，LI Yan2，WANG Wuhong1，WEI Qingzhen1，YAN Yaqin1，BAO Chonglai1*

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(10): 20-26.

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  During‘The Thirteenth Five-year Plan’period，new radish variety breeding work has achieved rapid development．A number of excellent germplasm resouces have been collected，identified and created．A group of new varieties have been developed．At the same time，the applying basic research in China on radish breeding has achieved certain progress．A number of QTL or genes controlling important traits had been mapped，and important breeding technology systems had been established or further optimized．This paper reviewed the important research progress from the aspects of germplasm digging，identification，innovation，variety breeding and genetic improvement，breeding technology development，etc．The paper also prospected the radish breeding research during‘The Fourteenth Five-year Plan’．
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  Research Progress on Integrated Control of Clubroot in Cruciferous Crops

  ZHANG Yi1，2，MA Xinyan1，2，YU Hongrui1，2，DONG Zhengzhong3，LEI Na4，YU Xiaolin1，2*

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(10): 27-37.

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  Clubroot，caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin，is a soil-borne quarantine disease of cruciferous crops．At preesent，clubroot has occurred in over 60 countries worldwide，severely harming the production of cruciferous crops．It is extremely urgent to carry out effective integreted control method．
  This paper briefly summarized the major research progress obtained at present about clubroot physical disease control，chemical disease control，biological disease control and agricultural disease control．This paper also prospected the future research activities，hoping to provide references for strengthening ideal prevention and control of clubroot．
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  Research Progress of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Schemes Based on Different Potato Varieties

  GAO Tianyu，FAN Mingshou*，YU Jing，WANG Jing

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(10): 38-44.

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  Nitrogen is a key factor restricting the formation of potato yield and quality．Under the background of variety diversification，the blind unification of nitrogen fertilization have greatly limited the development of potato yield potential．Constructing a normalized nitrogen fertilizer recommendation schemes
  among different varieties is the key for carrying out rational nitrogen fertilizer management．Different potato varieties have different nitrogen use efficiencies．This paper analyzed the reasons causing differences between varieties；discussed the normalized nitrogen nutrition management schemes between varieties and advantages and disadvantages，so as to provide a possible way for optimal management of potato nitrogen fertilizer．
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  One Year Two-generation Propagation Tetechnology of Cabbage and Its Application in Male Sterility Transformation

  WANG Dongmei1，GAO Xiaoxu2，XU Jingxiu1，JIA Jun1

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(10): 45-51.

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  This study simulated the growth conditions required by each stage of cabbage propagation，and shortened the time period required by each stage to the minium．Therefor，the aim of completing two breeding generations in one year was realized．Taking seed becoming seedling as a nodal point，one year was devided into 2 cycles：summer-autumn cycle and winter-spring cycle．The period of summer-autumn cycle was slightly longer than that of winter-spring cycle，due to vernalization and flowering．Cultivating method of exfoliating immature ovules could shorten time duration from pollination to seedling and the best time for exfoliating immature ovules was 45-50 days after pollination．Under the condition of 4-7 ℃ vernalization temperature，almost all cabbage varieties could be vernalized within 60 days，except for varieties with strong winterness．This method was only suitable for cabbage male sterility transfer．Basically，varieties without stronger winterness could breed two generations within one year．With SSR markers assisting selection，the backcross female parent for next generation could be accurately determined．
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  Effects of Attapulgite on Growth Physiology and Cadmium Enrichment of Spinach under Cadmium Stress

  ZHANG Hui1，LI Lushan1，2，YANG Xiaofeng1，LI Huabing1，HUANG Yan1，DU Xuanyan1，TENG Zhi1

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(10): 52-57.

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  Taking pot cultivation method，this paper studied the effects of different additive proportion attapulgite on growth，antioxidant enzyme activity and cadmium enrichment of spinach under cadmium stress．The results showed that under moderate cadmium stress，the plant height，stem diameter，fresh
  weight and dry weight of overground and underground parts of spinach all presented the changing tendency of increasing first then decreasing，but SOD activity，POD activity，and APX activity presented the changing tendency of decreasing first then increasing．While，the Cd²⁺ contents in aboveground and underground parts and enrichment coefficient of cadmium were gradually decreased，but there was no significant difference in the transport coefficient among each treatment．Among them，when additive amount of attapulgite in matrix was 15%，the Cd²⁺ contents in aboveground and underground parts of spinach plant were significantly reduced，the significantly reduced enrichment coefficient had alleviated the toxic effect of cadmium stress on spinach．Spinach plant height，stem diameter，fresh quality and dry quality of aboveground parts and fresh quality of underground part all reached the maximum value．
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  Isolation，Identification and Fungicide Screening of Capsicum Anthracnose Pathogen in Nanxiong County

  ZHENG Jie1，3，ZHUANG Yuanhang1，GUO Ziqi1，XU Yi1，ZHONG Junjie1，HUANG Weifeng1，HU Fang1，LI Haibo1，LEI Jianjun1，2*，WU Hao1*

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(10): 58-65.

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  In order to clarify the pathogen species of pepper anthracnose in Nanxiong County，Shaoguan City，Guangdong Province and screen fungicides that can effectively inhibit the pathogen，this study isolated and purified the anthrax pathogen from the fruits of Chaotian pepper with suspected natural anthracnose sympton，collected from open fields of Hukou Town，Nanxiong County by tissue separation method，and the pathogen species were identified by microbial morphology combined with multi-gene phylogenetic tree analysis．Then，fungicides that could efficiently control this pathogen were screened by indoor toxicity test．The results showed that the pathogen of the isolated strain NX-1 was Colletotrichum scovillei．Among 12 fungicides，prochloraz and difenoconazole·propiconazole had the strongest inhibitory effect on the pathogen，with EC₅₀ values of 0.019 6 μg · mL^-1 and 0.282 8 μg · mL^-1，respectively．Imidazole fungicide prochloraz can be used as the first choice chemist for controlling pepper anthracnose in Nanxiong，or be used alternatively
  with benzyl propiconazole．
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  Analysis on Floral Phenotypic Diversity of Chinese Chive Germplasm Resources

  JIAO Ziyuan1，2，YIN Shouheng1，2，CHEN Jianhua1，2

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(10): 66-73.

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  In order to study Chinese chive's genetic diversity from the angle of floral phenotypic traits，this paper selected 56 accessions of germplasm resouces and conducted genetic diversity analysis and clustering analysis．The results indicated that the genetic diversity index of each Chinese chive qualitative character was 0.15-1.02．Among them，flower bud rib color had the largest gentetic diversity index；the second largest was anther color；and the smallest was inflorescence shape．The variable coefficient of each quantitative character of floral organ was 9.60%-31.56%．The genetic diversity index was 1.50-2.02，of which capsule amount per infructescence had the largest variable coefficient and genetic diversity index. The variable coefficients of the ratio of the petal length to the sepal length were minimum，and genetic diversity index of involucre length was minimum．The variable coefficients（14.61%）and diversity index（1.91）of the ratio of the sepal length to its width were all greater than the variable coefficients（12.04%）and diversity index（1.82）of the ratio of the petal length to its width，indicating that among Chinese chive germplasm resouces，sepal shape had higher richness and variation range than petal shape．Moreover，among all quantitative traits related to perianth，the variable coefficient and diversity index of the ratio of the sepal length to its width were all the highest．As you see，it is an important indicator for identifying Chinese chive germplasm resources．Conducting hierarchical clustering analysis by 10 qualitative traits of floral organ，the 56 tested accessions of Chinese chive germplasm resouces were divided into 4 categories．
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  Analysis of Physiological Differences in Seedling Stage of Cucurbita moschata Duch. with Different Cold Tolerance under Low Temperature Stress

  邱喜岩1，段颖1，张硕1，张蒙1，疏琴1，孙雅佩1，何亚迪1，廖青桂1，王长林1，2*，薄凯亮1*

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(10): 74-80.

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  Taking 2 low-temperature tolerant and 2 low-temperature sensitive Cucurbita moschata Duch. seedlings as test materials,this experiment conducted low-temperature stress treatment：with day and night 10 ℃/2 ℃（12 h/12 h）in an artificial climate chamber；took day and night 25 ℃/15 ℃（12 h/12 h）as a
  normal temperature contrast；and studied the effects of low-temperature stress on physiological indexes and photosynthetic related indexes of Cucurbita moschata seedlings with different low temperature tolerance．The results indicated that when low-temperature stress sustained 10 days，the soluble sugar content in low-temperature tolerant germplasm resources was still obviousely higher than that in low-temperature sensitive germplasm resources．While，after low-temperature stress，there were no obviouse differences among soluble protein content in low-temperature tolerant germplasm resources and low-temperature sensitive germplasm resources．The low-temperature tolerant germplasm resources could better maintain the chlorophyll content in leaves，and
  its net photosynthetic rate was signifigantly higher than that in low-temperature sensitive germplasm resources．Correlation analysis showed that Fv/Fm was significantly positively correlated with Fv/F0 and negatively correlated with stomatal conductance．The net photosynthetic rate，chlorophyll content and soluble sugar content showed significant or extremely significant positive correlation．The above results indicated that the soluble sugar content，chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate could be used as reliable indexes to identify the lowtemperature tolerance of Cucurbita moschata germplasm resources under low temperature stress for 7 days．
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  Control Effect of Soil Fumigant on Chinese Cabbage Clubroot and Its Effect on Soil Properties

  SONG Yumeng1，CHEN Haohan2，WANG Min1，LIU Wenjie1，LI Xulin2，LUO Lan1*

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(10): 81-85.

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  In order to explore the control effect of soil fumigant on Chinese cabbage clubroot in open field production，‘Jiaobai No.1’was taken as test material to study the control effect of 98% dazomet micro granule combined with microbial soil remediation agent on Chinese cabbage clubroot and effect on soil properties．The results showed that 98% dazomet micro granule，20% calcium cyanamide granule combined with microbial soil remediation agent all had good disease control effects and growth promotion result．The morbidity and disease index at harvest stage both were significantly inferior to that of the contrast．The control effects were 73.26% and 74.42%，respectively．The net vegetable yields were significantly higher than that of contrast，43.41% and 59.51% higher than that of the contrast，respectively．There was no significant effect on soil microbial number，but has certain effect on soil physical and chemical properties，which has soil improvement effect．
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  Determination of Residual Quantity from Five Pesticides and Their Metabolites in Cowpea and Dietary Risk Assessment

  ZHANG Qun，DUAN Yun，MA Chen，TIAN Hai，HUAN Zhibo，WU Xiaopeng

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(10): 86-96.

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  QuEChERS method was adopted to conduct sample pretreatment．Through optimizing chromatography and mass spectrometric condition，a QuEChERS method combined with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS）was established to rapidly test the residues of 5 pesticides and their metabolites in cowpea samples．This method was used to detect 238 commercially available cowpea samples in Hainan Province from November 2020 to February 2021．The health risks of these pesticide residues were also evaluated．The results showed that the quantification limits of aldicarb and its metabolites was 0.010 mg · kg^-1．The quantification limits of the rest 4 pesticides and their metabolites was 0.005 mg · kg^-1．Two pesticides and one metabolite were detected from samples．Detection rate of cyromazine was 44.5%．That of carbendazim was 22.3%．That of melamine was 0.8%．Dietary intake risk assessment was conducted on these 2 detected pesticides．The result showed that the risk of acute dietary intake of pesticides was 0.375 8%-29.126 6%，and risk of chronic dietary intake of pesticides was 0.057 6%-0.131 4%．Their value-at-risk were far less than 100%，indicating their risks were within the accepted range．It means that probability of threatening dietary safety of consumer through pesticide residues intake from cowpea was lower．
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  A New Pepper F₁ Hybrid—‘Jiaoyang No.3’

  LIAO Weiqin1，2，TIAN Hao1，2，ZHENG Yan1，REN Chaohui1，2*

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(10): 97-99.

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  ‘Jiaoyang No.3’ is a new pod pepper F₁ hybrid，developed by crossing cell nucleus male sterile line ‘ZHB1’ as female parent and inbred line ‘ZHA1’ as male parent．Its growth period is about 180 days．The plant has strong growth vigor and is semi-erect，The plant is about 90 cm in height and divergence
  is about 108 cm．The finger-shape fruit is about 9 cm in length，about 1.8 cm in width．The single fruit weight is about 8.2 g．It has successive fruit-bearing ability．The unripe fruit is green in color，and ripen fruit is red in color．It tastes moderate spicy．The capsaicin content is 200 mg · kg^-1，and VC content is 371 mg · kg^-1 of fresh pepper．It is resistant to anthrax scab，CMV and TMV；moderate resistant to phytophthora blight and bacterial wilt．It can yield about 22.5 t · hm^-2 fresh pepper and about 5.4 t · hm^-2 dried one．It is suitable for spring cultivation in Guizhou Province and areas with similar climate conditions．
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  A New Large-fruit Watermelon F₁ Hybrid—‘Longke No.12’

  SU Yongquan，ZHANG Huasheng，YANG Yonggang，LI Xiaofang，REN Kaili

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(10): 100-102.

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  ‘Longke No.12’ is a new mid-late maturing watermelon of large-fruit type，developed by crossing selfing line ‘14KH12’ as female parent and selfing line ‘14KH01’ as male parent．The plant has strong growth vigor．Its whole growth period is about 103 days and fruit developing period is about 40 days．The fruit is of oval shape．Its peel is jade green in color covered with dark green middle racks，and about 1.0 cm in thickness．Its pulp is red in color with crisp texture．The central soluble solids content is about 12.6%，and edge soluble solids content is about 10%．The single fruit weight is about 6.0 kg．It is resistant to watermelon fusarium wilt．It can yield about 64.5 t · hm^-2．It is suitable for cultivation in open fields in Gansu Province or regions with similar climate conditions．
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  A New Vegetable Soybean Variety—‘Langxian No.1’

  WANG Jiliang1，ZHAO Chunxia1*，HUA Jianxin1，SUN Huigang2

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(10): 103-106.

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  ‘Langxian No.1’ is a new vegetable soybean variety bred through hybridization between ‘Taiwan 292’ as female parent and ‘Jidou 12’ as male parent．Its growth period is about 85.5 days．It has determinate podding habit．The plant is about 54.3 cm in height．There are about 12 nodes in its main stem，and 41.6 valid pods in each plant．The average single plant pod weight is 80.2 g．There are 2.1 seeds in each pod．The standard pod number per 500 g is 175.6．The seeded-pod is 5.5 cm in length and 1.3 cm in width．The standard pod rate is 83.9%．Its seed coat and hila is yellow in color．The 100 fresh pod weight is about 257.8 g and 100 fresh seed weight is about 71.5 g．The average fresh pod yield is about 10.2 t · hm^-2．It is suitable for summer sowing and plantation in central and southern regions of Hebei Province．
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  A New Early-maturing Potato Cultivar—‘Shishu No.2’

  JIA Mingfei，FAN Jianying，FENG Zhiming，LI Dongyu，XIANG Congchao，HU Jinxue，ZHANG Shuqing*

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(10): 106-108.

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  ‘Shishu No.2’ is a new potato variety of good fresh eating quality，bred through systematic selective breeding by crossing potato varieties ‘Zaodabai’ and ‘Fevureta’．This variety is of early maturity．Its growth period is about 55 days．It has good tuberization ability．Each plant can produce 3-5 potatoes．Its tuber is of oval shape with light yellow peel and yellow flesh．The dry matter content is 21.79%，starch content is 15.5%，reducing sugar content is 0.55%，VC content is 204.5 mg · kg^-1，crude protein content is 21.5 mg · kg^-1．It is moderate resistant to PVX virus．It can yield about 37.5 t · hm^-2．This variety is
  suitable for cultivation in the second cropping area of Hebei Province．