01 December 2022, Volume 1 Issue 12

    

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  Research Progress on Microspores Culture of Cruciferous Vegetables

  NIU Liujing1，ZHAO Yanyan1，YUAN Yuxiang1，WEI Xiaochun，YANG Shuangjuan，WANG Zhiyong，SU Henan，ZHANG Xiaowei，YIN Xien

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(12): 20-29.

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  The microspore culture has become an important applying technology in breeding of cruciferous vegetables．This paper reviewed the research progress made in microspore culture of cruciferous vegetables；explored several issues：including internal and external causes inducing microspore embryogenesis，factors affecting embryoids turning into seedlings，ploidy identification methods and doubling modes of microspore regenerated plants；and expounded the applied research of microspore regenerated plant DH population in disease resistance，stress resistance，gene mapping，mutant screening and new variety breeding．The paper also put forward some related problems and prospected to the future．
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  Research Progress in Applying Molecular Marker Technology to Identify Cauliflower Varieties

  SONG Xiaoyu，GAN Defang，YANG Lin，SONG Shunhua，MENG Shuchun

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(12): 30-37.

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  The identification of cauliflower varieties is an effective way to prevent the occurance of phenomena such as homonym and synonym，and also a fundamental work for germplasm resources conservation and new variety breeding of cauliflower．This paper reviewed the application and research progress made in cauliflower variety identification by several main molecular marker technologies．And horizontal comparison was carried out，so as to provide references for cauliflower variety identification，genetic relationship study and fine variety breeding．
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  Selective Breeding of Sweet Pepper Genic Male Sterile Line Dual Purpose System Assisted by KASP Molecular Marker

  FAN Yanqin，YAN Libin，MENG Yaning，ZHANG Hongxiao

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(12): 38-44.

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  In order to further improve the breeding efficiency of genic male sterile line dual purpose system of sweet pepper，KASP molecular markers were designed by using the mutation site of the‘ AB91’genic male sterile candidate gene Capana05g000747．The F₂ population and dual purpose system of transformation sweet pepper genic male sterile lines were used as test materials to detect the genotype of plant fertility and check the accuracy of this marker．The results indicated that the molecular marker presented common separation with the fertility of genic male sterile sweet pepper．Early identification was carried out on genotype of F₂ plant．The classification accuracy were 98.91% and 99.04%，respectively．The effective eliminated genotype was the fertile plant of MSMS，which could be directly used for transformation of sterile line．The dual purpose system of yellow and red genic male sterile lines sweet peper‘AB91-HTJ412’and‘AB91-HLD163’were turn out．During seedling period，early stage identification on fertility genotypes of dual purpose system population could effectively eliminate the fertile plants of MSms genotype．And the selected and remaining genotype was sterile plants of msms，which could be directly used in cross combination breeding and hybrid seed production．
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  Screening，Identification of Potato Straw Degrading Bacteria and Measuring of Its Degradation Ability

  XIU Zhijun，SONG Yadi，ZHANG Dongmei，YANG Chunfang，ZHANG Xuefeng，ZHANG Xiaoyu

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(12): 45-51.

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  In order to rapidly degradate potato straw，this experiment took soil samples from potato fields，separated straw-degrading bacteria，carried out preliminary sceening by congo red staining method，and obtained one strain，named WXB10．Under the fermentation condition of 28 ℃ and 180 r · min^-1 for 35 days，potato straw degradation rate of this strain could reach 57.73%．The strain WXB10 could produce hemicellulase，endonuclease-β-1，4-glucanase，extraneous-β-1，4-glucanase and β-glucosidase．The hemicellulase activity was the highest 32.17 U · mL^-1 after being fermented for 5 days．The endonuclease-β-1，4-glucanase activity was the highest 238.75 U · mL^-1 after being fermented for 3 days．Both extraneous-β-1，4-glucanase and β-glucosidase activities reached the maximum value after being fermented for 4 days，reaching 478.48 U · mL^-1 and 4.82 U · mL^-1，respectively．Combining the results of morphological observation，physiological and biochemical experiment，and molecular biological identification，strain WXB10 was identified as Bacillus velezensis，possessing higher cellulase activity and being able to rapidly degrade potato straw．
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  Isolation and Identification of Cucumber Fusarium Wilt Antagonistic Bacteria Burkholderia gladioli L1-3 and Effect of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion

  LI Yali，HOU Dong，YUE Hongzhong，ZHANG Dongqin，DUAN Yanqiao

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(12): 52-58.

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  In order to screen out biocontrol bacteria to prevent cucumber Fusarium wilt，this experiment collected soil samples from 22 Fusarium wilt infected plots planted with cucumber in Gansu Province for successive years；screened out antagonistic strains by plate confrontation method；and carried out identification based on morphological，physiological and biochemical characteristics and gene sequencing analysis．The inhibiting spectrum of antifungal strain and its effect of disease prevention and health promotion were determined．The results showed that 6 separated and screened out strains had stronger rivalry effect to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum Owen．They were identified as Burkholderia gladioli．The control effect of applying L1-3 fungicide on cucumber Fusarium wilt was 64.71%．The root system activity of cucumber seedlings，chlorophyll content，POD and SOD activities were all significantly higher than that of the contrast．Besides，L1-3 had stronger antagonism effects on all pathogenic fungi，including Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.melonis，Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum，Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans，Pythium spinosum，Botrytis cinerea，Rhizoctonia solani，Phytophthora capsici and Alternaria solani．
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  Pathogenicity of Cabbage Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Isolatesin Anhui Province and Their Sensitivity to 3 Fungicides

  ZHANG Huarui，XIA Zhijie，SONG Jianghua，ZHANG Lixin

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(12): 59-63.

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  This experiment collected infected plants from 4 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infected plots in main cabbage production areas of Anhui Province in 2020-2021，and isolated and purified the bacterial isolates．The pathogenicity of each isolate of 9 cabbage varieties was tested by in vivo inoculation of mycelium disc．At same time，the sensitivities of representative isolates to dimethachlon，carbendazim and boscalid were determined by mycelial growth rate method．The results showed that the pathogenicity of 24 isolates of S. sclerotiorum showed significant differences．The pathogenicity of different isolates was different on the same cabbage variety．There were also obvious differences in pathogenicities of isolates from the same region．But，there was no significant correlation between pathogenicity differentiation of isolates and geographical origin．All tested isolates were higher sensitive to dimethachlon，carbendazim and boscolid．Therein，sensitivity to carbendazim was the highest，EC₅₀ value ranging 0.037 1-0.104 2 μg · mL^-1．The EC₅₀ value of dimethachlon and boscolid were 0.055 4-0.137 7 μg · mL^-1 and 0.074 4-0.187 0 μg · mL^-1，respectively．
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  Variation in Cadmium and Lead Accumulation and Translocation among Pokchoi Cultivars under Hydroponic Condition

  GUO Xiongchang，SUI Xiuyu，WU Yiyi，XIN Zaijun，SUN Xiaoyan

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(12): 64-73.

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  Seventeen pokchoi〔Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis（L.）Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee〕cultivars，conventionally planted in southern China，were selected to study their differences in biomass，tolerance index，cadmium（Cd）concentration，lead（Pb）concentration，translocation factor，and explore the interactive relationship between Cd and Pb under three treatments，including single Cd，single Pb，combined of Cd and Pb，by hydroponic experiments．Results showed that single Cd treatment and single Pb treatment inhibited the growth of most of pokchoi cultivars，but combined of Cd and Pb treatment alleviated the growth inhibition to varying degrees．There were significant different Cd and Pb concentrations in roots and shoots among seventeen pokchoi cultivars．Under single Cd treatment，Cd concentrations in shoots of seventeen pokchoi cultivars ranged from 103.4 to 183.0 mg · kg^-1，while Cd translocation factors from roots to shoots ranged from 0.104 to 0.295．Under combined of Cd and Pb treatment，the Cd concentrations ranged from 69.4 to 142.1 mg · kg^-1，while Cd translocation factors ranged from 0.104 to 0.222．Under single Pb treatment，the Pb concentrations in shoots of seventeen pokchoi cultivars ranged from 21.64 to 75.19 mg · kg^-1，and the translocation factors ranged from 0.057 to 0.283．Under combined of Cd and Pb treatment，the lead concentrations in shoots of seventeen pokchoi cultivars ranged from 12.66 to 31.91 mg · kg^-1，while Pb translocation factors ranged from 0.027 to 0.187．Cd and Pb mostly accumulated in roots，and root fixation ability to Pb was significantly higher than that of Cd．The concentrations of Cd and Pb in shoots were significantly decreased under combined of Cd and Pb，when compared with single Cd or single Pb treatment，indicating that there was a competitive antagonistic effect on the uptake and translocation of Cd and Pb．‘Zhengwangda 88 xiaobaicai’‘Zhongshukuaicai No.1’‘Shengcuikuaicai’always showed lower Pb concentrations in shoots under Pb with or without Cd treatment，suggesting these cultivars had a lower risk on Pb accumulation in heavy metal-contaminated soils．
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  Effects of Different Triacontanol Applying Methods on Stem Swelling Stage，Yield and Nutritional Quality of Zizania latifolia

  LI Fang，ZHANG Juefeng，ZHONG Haiying，CHEN Jianming

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(12): 74-79.

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  Taking‘Chongjiao No.1’as test material，this paper studied the effects of different concentration，applying times and time of natural growth regulator triacontanol on stem swelling period，yield and quality of Zizania latifolia．The results indicated that during the growth stage of double-harvesting Z. latifolia，applying 0.5 mg · L^-1 triacontanol on stem swelling of summer Z. latifolia had more effect than on autumn Z. latifolia．The yield of first-day harvested Z. latifolia was 13 times of the contrast without applying triacontanol．The total yield was increased 1.1 times．However，the high concentration triacontanol treatment had no promoting effect on the total yield of summer and autumn autumn Z. latifolia．Applying low concentration （≤ 0.5 mg · L^-1） triacontanol close to or during stem swelling period could inhibit the stem swelling of summer Z. latifolia．The total output decreased by 15.8%-69.7% than that of the contrast．But the dry matter content of Z. latifolia increased by 1.2%-39.7%．Applying 0.5 mg · L^-1 triacontanol close to stem swelling period could increase the contents of protein，amino acid，soluble sugar，reduced ascorbic acid and cellulose of Z. latifolia，improving its nutritional quality．
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  Effects of Foliar Spraying Melatonin on Strawberry Growth，Photosynthesis and Fruit Quality

  LI Gongfeng，GAO Yaxin，MA Wancheng，ZHANG Zhenxing，LIU Yike，LI Ning，LI Qingyun

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(12): 80-85.

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  In order to explore the effects of foliar spraying melatonin on strawberry growth，photosynthesis and fruit quality，this experiment took‘Xiangye’ strawberry as test material；sprayed 150，300，450 μmol · L^-1 melatonin solutions（being T1，T2，T3，T4 treatments）and pure water（as the contrast）regularly from the first fruit blooming stage to maturing stage；and measured the strawberry growth index，chlorophyll content，chlorophyll fluorescence parameters，photosynthetic parameters and fruit quality，etc．The results showed that the appropriate melatonin concentration could significantly promote the plant growth and leaf blade photosynthesis，and improve fruit quality．With the increase of melatonin concentration，plant petiole length，leaf area，leaf blade SPAD value，single fruit weight，Fv/Fm，Fv/Fo，ABS/RC and net photosynthetic rate of strawberry showed a tendency of first increasing then decreasing．The leaf petiole length，leaf area，leaf blade SPAD value and single fruit weight of strawberry treated by T3 were the highest and significantly higher than those of the contrast，being higher than the contrast by 47.98%，62.22%，16.82% and 38.68%，respectively．The leaf petiole length and leaf blade SPAD value of T2 treatment were significantly higher than those of the contrast．The contents of fruit soluble solid matter，soluble protein，soluble sugar，and VC were the highest，while the contents of titratable acid were the lowest．The contents of fruit soluble solid matter，soluble protein，soluble sugar，titratable acid and VC were increased than the contrast by 3.93，0.24，2.69，-0.12 percentage points and 50.65%，respectively．Moreover，the single fruit weight was increased by 23.12% than the contrast．The contents of fruit free amino acid，flavonoid and polyphenol treated by T1 were significantly higher than those of the contrast by 16.34%，61.19% and 57.01%，respectively．In conclusion，foliar spraying 300 μmol · L^-1 melatonin on strawberry at the first fruit was benefit to improve facility strawberry quality and increase its yield as well．
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  Effects of Different Kitchen Waste Biogas Slurry and Its Dilution Multiples on Seed Germination of Cucumber and Radish

  YANG Xueyan，LIU Jiaqi，LI Yanming，CHEN Qing，CHANG Ruixue

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(12): 86-91.

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  In order to explore the direct applying feasibility of kitchen waste biogas slurry and its suitable concentration before application，this study compared 2 kinds of kitchen waste biogas slurry stoste （dilution multiple 0）and with dilution ratios （0，100，250，500，1 000 ），which were from Huzhou City，Zhejiang Province （biogas slurry A）and Chifeng City，Inner Mongolia （biogas slurry B）on seed germination of cucumber and radish．The results showed that the 2 kinds of kitchen waste biogas slurry stostes could inhibit the seed germination．But the inhibitory effect would be gradually vanished and changed to promoting effect along with the increase of dilution ratios．When kitchen waste biogas slurry A was diluted 100 multiples，the germ length and vigor index of radish seed were increased．When it diluted 500 multiples，the germination rate，germination potential and germination index of radish seed were increased．When it diluted 1 000 multiples，the comprehensive effects including radicle length，germ length，germination rate，germination energy，germination index and vigor index of cucumber seed were the best．When kitchen waste biogas slurry B was diluted 100 multiples，the root and shoot growth of radish seed was promoted．When it diluted 250 multiples，the germination rate，germination potential and germination index of cucumber seed were higher．When it diluted 1 000 multiples，radicle and germ growth of cucumber seed was promoted，and germination rate and germination indexes of radish seed were increased．In conclusion，direct application of kitchen waste biogas slurry can inhibit seed germination，user should choose appropriate dilution multiples according to actual needs．
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  A New Pod Pepper Variety of Processing Type—‘Mingjiao No.12’

  ZHANG Rui，WU Lidong，ZENG Shaogui，QIU Yinhui，LI Yongqing，SHANG Wei，LIAO Chengshu，LUO Ying

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(12): 92-95.

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  ‘Mingjiao No.12’is a F₁ hybrid of mid-early maturity，developed by crossing inbred line‘m160-1-5-3-2’as female parent and in bred line ‘f173-4-1-2-3’ as male parent．This variety is pod pepper of dry and fresh dual purpose．It has strong growth potential．Its continuous fruit-bearing capacity is strong．Its fruit is of finger shape solitary facing the sky．The fruit is 9-11 cm in length，about 1.5 cm in width．Its fresh thickness is about 0.15 cm．The single fruit weight is 9-12 g．The unripe fruit is green in color，and old ripe one is bright red in color．It tastes spicy，with aromatic flavor．The VC content is 1 852 mg · kg^-1．The capsaicin content is 3.652 g · kg^-1．The Scoville index is 56 283．Its average yield is about 36 t · hm^-2．It is suitable for cultivation in spring in Fujian，Guizhou，Guangxi and Yunnan，etc．
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  A New Functional Form Potato Cultivar —‘ Kencaishu No.1’

  ZHANG Guizhi，YANG Sheng，JIN Guanghui，JIANG Lili，WANG Teng，TAI Lianmei

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(12): 95-97.

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  ‘Kencaishu No.1’ is a new table potato variety with high anthocyanin content，developed by sexual hybridization through systematic selective breeding of crossing‘Ziluolan’ as female parent and‘04-19MD-6’ as male parent．This variety is of late maturity．Its growth period is about 110 days．The corolla is white and light purple in color．The potato tubers are of long oval shape with dark purple peel and flesh．Its dry matter content is 17.1%．Anthocyanin content is 1 982.1 mg · kg^-1．Starch content is 6.87%．Reducing sugar content is 0.21%．Crude protein content is 1.23%，and VC content is 206.0 mg · kg^-1．It is resistant to late blight，PVX and PVY．The single tuber weight is 104.7 g．The large and medium tuber rate（≥ 75 g）is 87%．It can yield about 22.5 t · hm^-2．It is suitable for spring cultivation in Heilongjiang Province．
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  A New Vegetable Soybean Variety —‘Mindou No.9’

  ZHANG Yumei，LAN Xinlong，LIN Shanshan，HU Runfang，LIN Guoqiang

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(12): 98-100.

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  ‘Mindou No.9’is developed by pedigree method through sexual hybridization etween‘Mindou No.6’as female parent and ‘08B4-1’as male parent．The plant is of convergent type ith limited pod bearing habit．It takes about 79.1 days from seedling emergence to green pod harvest．This ariety belongs to southern spring soybean of medium maturity．Its average standard pod is 5.77 cm in length，standard pod is 1.38 cm in width．The fresh hundred-grain weight is 73.28 g．The VC content in fresh grain s 0.246 mg · g^-1，the total sugar content is 3.5%，crude fiber content is 4.6%，starch content is 6.1%，crude at content is 4.8%，crude protein content is 11.7% and moisture content is 69.1%．It can yield fresh pod bout 10.5 t · hm^-2．This variety is susceptible to anthracnose．It is suitable for cultivation in spring in Fujian rovince and regions with similar ecological conditions．
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  A New Cherry Tomato Variety —‘Bianying No.1’

  ZHU Jindi，Du Wenqing，ZHU Xuegang，ZHANG Ting，QIU Tuoyu，ZHAO Xinbin

  China Vegetables. 2022, 1(12): 101-103.

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  ‘Bianying No.1’ is a new cherry tomato F₁ hybrid developed by crossing ‘ksy012’ as female parent and ‘ksy036’as male parent．It belongs to infinite growth type with early-medium maturity and strong growth vigor．The unripe fruit has no green shoulder，and mature fruit is red in color．Its fruit is of round shape with high uniformity．The average single fruit weight is 18 g．The fruit has high hardness and good commercial characteristics．Its VC content is 300 mg · kg^-1，soluble solid content is 7.8%，lycopene content is 32.5 mg · kg^-1，titratable acid content is 0.52%．In fields，its resistances to CMV and leaf mold are stronger than that of the contrast ‘Qianxi’．In protected field cultivation it can yield about 81.0 t · hm^-2 in spring and and about 64.5 t · hm^-2 in autumn，respectively．It is suitable for early spring cultivation in protected fields in Henan，Shandong，etc. places．