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01 October 2023, Volume 1 Issue 10
    

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  • New Development Tendency for China’s Vegetable Industry in Post-epidemic Era
    LEI Qingjing，XIANG Zhaoyang*，XIAO Xiaoyong
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(10): 1-4. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2023.1036
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Since the outbreak of COVID-19，the development of China’s vegetable industry has shown the following characteristics：stable and increased scale of industry，increased price volatility，overall stable in product quality and safety level，and steady export growth etc． In the post-epidemic era，China’s vegetable industry will show the following tendencies：further development of facility vegetables，rapid growth trend of prefabricated vegetable market scale，reduction of market price fluctuation，and continuous green and lowcarbon supply．In order to promote the sustainable and healthy development of China’s vegetable industry，this paper suggested for further strengthening the research and development of key core technologies such as light and simplified production and clamping seed industry；taking change as the main task and combine it with reconstruction，so as to promote the orderly development of facility vegetables；vigorously promoting green，low carbon production technology；and guiding the healthy development of new industry forms．
  • Development of Vegetable Mechanization in China from 2022 to 2023
    CHEN Yongsheng
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(10): 5-10. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2023.1037
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    From 2022 to the first half of 2023，vegetable mechanization of China had ushered in new development opportunities. The development of vegetable mechanization had attracted widespread attention，and shown an overall accelerated development trend. This article summarized the new breakthroughs of vegetable mechanization technology in the research and development of equipment for key links such as vegetable transplanting and harvesting，the innovation of typical vegetable mechanization models，and the exploration of intelligent technology for vegetable production. It also outlined the new progress of vegetable mechanization in demonstration and promotion，integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy，and practical application. However，there is still a big gap between the development of vegetable mechanization and the high-quality development of the vegetable industry. To this end，it is recommended to accelerate the development of vegetable mechanization from four levels：integrated guiding goals，integrated integration measures，integrated complete sets of equipment，and integrated service entities.
  • Application Status and Development Suggestions for Greenhouse with Flexible Thermal Insulation Wall in Beijing
    WANG Yanfang，LEI Xihong，LI Wei，NIU Manli，WANG BingHua，WANG Fudong
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(10): 11-16. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2023.1031
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    Greenhouse with flexible thermal insulation wall is a completely assembled structure．Compared with the ordinary brick wall greenhouse，flexible wall covers a small area，and land utilization rate reaches 50%-65%．It has the advantages of standardization and high degree of mechanization，etc．At present，this kind greenhouse still has some problems such as weak heat storage and insulation capacity，etc．Its comprehensive production capacity needs to be further improved. Therefore，this paper put forward suggestions for the development of greenhouse with flexible thermal insulation wall in Beijing as following：firstly，constructing pilot solar greenhouse with flexible thermal insulation wall greenhouse at different regions；secondly，studying on how to apply mating equipment and materials to increase temperature and keep warm；thirdly，exploring the traditional brick wall greenhouse‘ flexible’ transformation and reinforcing the integrated application of efficient cultivation mode．
  • Application and Research Progress of Genome-wide Association Study on Pepper（Capsicum annuum L．）Genetics and Breeding
    YUAN Juanwei1，2，JIA Li2，FANG Ling2，WANG Yan2，WANG Mingxia2，YAN Congsheng2，ZHANG Qi’an2，YU Feifei2，GAN Defang1*，JIANG Haikun2*
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(10): 17-25. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2023.3055
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    A Genome-wide association study（GWAS）is a population-level statistical analysis of genotype and observable traits（i.e.，phenotypes），which provides research ideas for revealing the genetic mechanisms of complex agronomic traits in crops by screening the genetic variants that can affect the trait through statistical quantities or P-values．At present，GWAS has been widely used in crop genetics and breeding．This paper mainly expounds the application progress of GWAS in the agronomic traits quality and resistance of pepper；explores and prospects the existing problems．In order to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the future use of GWAS for the genetic basis of pepper agronomic and quality traits as well as molecular marker-assisted breeding．
  • Genetic Diversity Analysis and Application of Cherry Tomato Germplasm based on Core InDel Markers
    ZHANG Hui1，LI Xin2，WANG Zhimin2，HU Junling2，LU Xiaoxiao2，PAN Feng2，PAN Chunyang2，SU Wenyue2，XU Maomao2，ZHANG Min2，GAO Haoran2，LIU Lei2，HUANG Zejun2，WANG Xiaoxuan2，DU Yongchen2，LI Junming2，ZHU Wenying1
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(10): 26-36. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2023.5048
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    During the breeding process of Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme A. Gray，materials with rich genetic diversity are advantageous for further cultivation of varieties with important target traits．This paper performed genetic diversity and DNA fingerprinting on 12 commercial cherry tomato varieties collected from market，and 110 accessions of cherry tomato inbred lines bred for several years using 48 pairs of core InDel marker screened out from fresh-eating and processing tomato germplasm resources．The results indicated that the 122 accessions germplasm resources exhibited significant genetic diversity in field phenotype．And 48 pairs of core InDel marker also displayed good polymorphism among these cherry tomato germplasm resources．The genetic distances among the 122 germplasm resources were ranged from 0-0.886 cM．The average genetic distance was 0.473 cM．Clustering analysis had divided all germplasm resources into 3 main microbial strains，among them the selected 110 inbred lines distributed in different groups，mostly in the groups of ‘Fenbeibei’ and ‘Fenbeini’．Comprehensive evaluation carried out on 420 F1 combinations prepared by using inbred lines had discovered that among the 10 chosen combinations，6 with better yields．Their genetic distances were close to or greater than the average value，showing significant advantages．Furthermore，using parents of the 10 combinations constructed by 48 pairs core InDel markers and clear fingerprint of the 12 commercial varieties could completely distinguish the above materials．
  • Evaluation of Volatile Flavor Quality of 13 Dried Peppers
    YANG Chuangchuang1，HE Jianwen2，ZHANG Zhenghai1，YU Hailong1，FENG Xigang1，CAO Yacong1*，WANG Lihao1
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(10): 37-49.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To identify the flavour differences of high-quality dried peppers from different regions，volatile metabolites of 13 dried peppers were detected using headspace solid-phase microextraction（HS-SPME）coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）．The results showed that limonene，aromandendrene and ethyl acetate were the main excellent volatile substances in most dried peppers．The volatile metabolites of Guizhou ‘Huangyangxiaomila’were different from other accessions in this study，and the main volatile metabolite component of Guizhou ‘Huangyangxiaomila’is β-ocimene．The overall content of excellent volatile flavor substances in peppers planted in Guizhou was higher than that of non-Guizhou peppers．Among the tested materials，Guizhou ‘Zidantou’had the highest content of volatile flavor substances and the best quality．
  • Comprehensive Evaluation of Agronomy and Quality Traits of Onion Germplasm Resources of Long-day Ecotype
    LIU Du，MA Huili，ZHANG Xu，YU Zhengjiao，ZHANG Yadi，HU Yunjie，QIN Lei*，WANG Yong*
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(10): 50-59. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2023.3057
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    The diversity of 29 agronomic traits and 5 quality traits were evaluated in 88 onion germplasm accessions from different regions，followed by the variation coefficient analysis，Shannon-wienter index analysis，correlation analysis，principal component analysis and cluster analysis．The results showed that onion resources had rich variation at 29 agronomic traits．The variation coefficient of flavonoid content was the largest（64.79%）．The bulb transverse diameter and scale bud number showed the largest diversity index（1.53）．The variation coefficient of the flesh scale color was the largest（140.69%）．The bulb membranous cortex performed the highest diversity index（1.18）．Nine phenotypic traits and 5 quality traits exhibited significant correlation．The principal component analysis showed that ten traits including the bulb diameter，pseudostem outer skin color，number of flower stems，flower stem height，anther color，leaf wax powder，soluble sugar content，and soluble protein content were the main factors that largely contributed to the phenotypic variation．Based on the principal component analysis and comprehensive score（F-value），the top 10 onion accessions were obtained．These onion germplasm resources were divided into two groups by systematic clustering analysis．The onion accessions in the first group showed low yield，nevertheless，the second group had a greater production potential with larger bulb vertical diameter，bulb transverse diameter，bulb transverse diameter，more fleshy scales，and higher VC，flavonoid，organic sulfide content．
  • Measurement and Calculation of Vegetable Waste Production Coefficient in Huang-Huai-Hai Region and Studies on Resource Account Construction
    LUO Juan1，ZHAO Lixin1，HUO Lili1，ZHU Xiaolan1，YAO Zonglu1*，YU Jiadong1，ZHAO Ya’nan1，XING Guangqing2
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(10): 60-66. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2023.5052
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    Directing at the problems of unclear resource base and unknown utilization direction of vegetable waste，this study explored the measuring and calculating method for building scientific and standardized vegetable waste production coefficient；specified the recommended value range of the coefficient；and constructed resource account of vegetable waste by taking Changping District of Beijing as an example．Researches indicated that the production coefficient of typical vegetables waste in Huang-Huai-Hai region was between 0.9%-10.7%；collectable coefficient was between 0.22-0.93．The moisture content at harvest was all above 80%．There were big differences among production coefficient，collectable coefficient and moisture content of different vegetables waste．Compared with the waste mainly vines of fruits，beans and jackets，the collection of leafy vegetable waste was more difficult．The theoretical resource amount of vegetable waste in Changping District of Beijing was about 14 800 t（fresh weight）and collectable amount was about 11 200 t in 2021．The comprehensive utilization rate of vegetable waste was about 55.39%．Market main body utilization proportion was over 90%．The amount of directly returning to field was about 8%，and amount of dispersed utilization by farmer household only accounted for less than 2%．The usage way was basically fertilizer utilization，accounting for up to 99.69%．To sum up，the main utilization method of vegetable waste removing from the field was fertilization in China and the overall reutilization level of was still relatively low．
  • Effects of Paclobutrazol and Two Biostimulants on Growth，Yield and Quality of Tomato in Substrate Cultivation
    FANG Xuejuan，SONG Mengyuan，GAO Lihong，TIAN Yongqiang*
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(10): 67-73. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2023.2037
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    Taking ‘Qianxi’ as test material，this experiment explored the effects of paclobutrazol（D）and 2 kinds of biostimulant〔amino acids（A）and seaweeds（H）〕 on tomato growth，yield and quality in substrate cultivation. The results showed that paclobutrazol，biostimulant and their combination（DA、DH）had decreased the plant height，increased stem diameter and leaf number，and shortened the ripening time of tomato fruit. All treatments had improved the yield of the first ear of tomato. DH treatment increased the yield per plant. All D，A，DA and DH treatments had raised the soluble sugar content in fruits at the lower part of tomato plant，while DA treatment increased the soluble sugar content in fruits at the middle part. All treatments had improved the sugar acid ratio in fruits at the lower and middle parts，but had no significant effect on all quality indexes of fruits at the upper part. On the whole，soaking seeds in paclobutrazol or spraying biostimulant during tomato seedling stage can effectively improve the subsequent growth of tomato plant in substrate cultivation，make tomato fruit mature in advance. The compound use of paclobutrazol and biostimulant is more conducive to improve tomato yield and quality.
  • Monitoring and Analysis from 2019 to 2021 on Heavy Metal Contamination in Sagittaria sagittifolia Samples Collected at Main Producing Areas of China
    ZHANG Junxian，ZHANG Huixian，CUI Wenwen，ZHENG Dan，ZHANG Xian，PNEG Lijun，ZHOU Youxiang，PENG Xitian*
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(10): 74-80. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2023.5050
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    In order to investigate the heavy metal contamination status of Sagittaria sagittifolia at main producing areas in China，timely find out quality and safety hazards，and scientifically prevent and control heavy metals risk in aquatic vegetables，this study from 2019 to 2021 continuously collected batch 175 samples from major production bases of Sagittaria sagittarius in Hubei，Jiangsu，Zhejiang Provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Regio；monitored the contents of 7 kinds heavy metals；and conducted dietary exposure risk assessment by index of food safety（IFS）method．The results showed that the overall pass rate of heavy metals in Sagittaria sagittata samples was 98.3%．The detection rates of Cu，As and Cd all were 100.0%. The detection rates of Cr，Pb，Ni and Hg were 78.8%，69.7%，36.6% and 20.0%，respectively．Among them，the exceeding standard rates of As and Cd were 1.1% and 0.6%，respectively．Two batches of As over-standard samples and one batch of Cd over-standard sample were from Jiangsu Province，Hubei Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region，respectively．Judging from the safety index evaluation results，both IFS and IFS of 7 kinds heavy metals in Sagittaria sagittata were far less than 1，indicating that the overall exposure risk was within the acceptable range.
  • Strategies for Optimal Nitrogen Management of Productive Potato Varieties in Different Ecological Zones
    LIANG Junmei1，2，ZHANG Jun1，3，ZHANG Sheng2，ZHANG Tingting1，SHI Xiaohua2，AN Hao1，KANG Wenqin1，DUAN Yu1*
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(10): 81-88. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2023.3041
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    In view of the low nitrogen use efficiency in the main potato producing areas in Inner Mongolia，two typical ecological areas，namely，the southern foothills of Yinshan Mountain（Chahar Right Wing Front Banner，Wulanchabu City）and the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountain（Wuchuan County,Hohhot City），were selected to study the changes of SPAD value of high-yield potato leaves under different nitrogen application rates，and the relationship between SPAD value and nitrogen application rates and potato yield．The results showed that the SPAD value of high-yield potato leaves under different nitrogen treatments decreased gradually with the advancement of growth period；With the increase of nitrogen application rate，the SPAD value of potato leaves increased linearly，and the yield of potato increased first and then decreased，which indicated that the relationship between SPAD value of potato leaves and yield was quadratic function．When SPAD value of potato leaves exceeded a certain value，the yield increase of potato was no longer significant．In Wuchuan，the nitrogen application rate was 225 kg·hm-2，and the highest yield was 46.2 t·hm-2；Nitrogen application rate was 350 kg·hm-2 in Qianqi，and the highest yield was 61.7 t·hm-2；The critical SPAD values were 43.4，41.5，40.7，34.6，32.0 at the northern foot of Yinshan，49.3，49.1，44.9，37.8，35.6 at the southern foot of Yinshan，respectively at seedling stage，tuber formation stage，early tuber expansion stage，late tuber expansion stage and starch accumulation stage；Based on the SPAD value of potato leaves，the topdressing model of nitrogen fertilizer in main growth stages of high-yield potato in two ecological regions was established．
  • Effects of Low Light Stress on Sugar Accumulation of Fresh Sweet Corn Grain and Yield
    XU Yueming1，2，XIN Haibin3，XUE Xiang1，WANG Xiangju1，LIU Ping1*
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(10): 89-95. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2023.5053
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    In order to defi nite the eff ect of low light on enzymatic activity related to sweet corn quality and yield，this paper took sweet corn variety‘ Jingtian No.9’ as test material and studied the eff ects of diff erent shading rate and shading duration on sugar accumulation of sweet corn grain，sucrose synthesis-related enzymes and yield of sweet corn．The results showed that the activities of sucrose synthetase and sucrose phosphate synthase in leaf blades at ear position after fl owering，accumulation of sucrose and soluble sugar at each stage after fl owering，and yield of fresh plant ear were decreased gradually，manifested as：shading rate 30% ＞ shading rate 50% ＞ shading rate 80%．During the growth and development process of sweet corn，the activities of sucrose synthetase and sucrose phosphate synthase in ear leaves after anthesis，the accumulation amount of sucrose and soluble sugar in each stage after anthesis，and the fresh ear yield，their overall performance was：whole growth period shading ＜ big mouth to spinning period shading ＜ spinning till after spinning 25 d shading ＜ jointing to big mouth stage shading ＜ emergence to jointing stage shading．Under the combined action of diff erent shading rate and diff erent shading period，80% shading treatment during the whole growth period had the greatest effect on corn grain sugar accumulation and yield．In conclusion，different shading rate and diff erent shading period all could signifi cantly limit the yield and quality improvement of super sweet corn．Moreover，shading from big mouth to spinning period was a critical stage．
  • Investigation on Planting Waste Resources Storage and Utilization in Yuzhong County of Gansu Province
    CHEN Yupeng1，XIE Bojie1，GAO Chengfei1，WANG Rui1，ZHANG Guobin1，YANG Haixing2，XIAO Xuemei1*，YU Jihua1
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(10): 96-102. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2023.5049
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    Based on the data of cultivation scale，waste production and resources utilization of 11 towns in Yuzhong County，the current situation of resources utilization in Yuzhong County was analyzed by looking up the annuals and interviewing with farmers．The results showed that the total reserves of planting waste from 2007 to 2017 were 221 800-319 500 t in Yuzhong County，and increasing the proportion on the output of vegetable residue and herbs residue steadily．The waste output of grain crops straw and vegetable residue accounting for 92.87% of the total，and the total nutrient content of waste increased first and then decreased gradually，in which the nutrient content of vegetable residue and herbs residue continued to rise，and particularly with the highest proportion of organic matter．Most of the farmers are middle-aged and elderly individuals（over 40 years old，78.49%）and with low qualification（level of primary education，73.53%）．There were various ways of resource utilization，and straw return was the main way of utilization．The majority of farmers（93.25%）are satisfied with the recent resource utilization technologies；at the same time，part of farmers（57.14%）also pointed out the main difficulties faced by resource utilization，such as the lack of large-scale absorption platforms and sufficient policy support．
  • A New Cucumber F1 Hybrid —‘Jingyanlvjian’
    WANG Hang，WEN Changlong，MAO Aijun*
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(10): 103-105. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2023.0042
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    ‘Jingyanlvjian’is a new few spines type cucumber F1 hybrid developed by crossing‘CLK39’as maternal parent and‘SQ971K40’as paternal parent．It is of medium and early maturity．The first female flower sets at the 5-7th node．Its fruit is about 24-26 cm in length with straight and rodlike shape，glossy green peel，little pericarp wax，small warts and few spines．Its fruit flesh is light green，sweet and crispy with good quality．The plant has strong growth vigor and fruits primarily set on the main stem．It is resistant to downy mildew and mid-resistant to Cucumber mosaic virus（CMV）．It is tolerant to low temperature and weak light．In overwinter greenhouse cultivation its yield can reach 165 t · hm-2．It is suitable to be cultivated in overwinter and spring greenhouses and under spring plastic tunnels in areas of Northern China．
  • A New Pepper F1 Hybrid —‘Qujiao No.5’
    GUO Qinwei，ZHANG Ting，LI Chaosen，XIANG Xiaomin，WANG Xueyan，WEI Jing，ZHAO Dongfeng，LIU Huiqin*
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(10): 106-108. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2023.0043
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    ‘Qujiao No.5’is a new early maturing pepper F1 hybrid，which is inbred line‘Jin5-8’as the female parent and‘Y802’as male parent．Its first flower sets on the 9-10th node．The plant has strong growth vigor．It has the strong continuous fruit-bearing ability．The plant height is about 75 cm．The green mature fruit is yellow white in color and matured one is red．The single fresh fruit is horn-shaped and nice gloss，about 21 cm in length，2.2 cm in width，24 g in weight and 0.2 cm in thickness of fruit fresh．Its capsaicin content is 98.3 mg · kg-1，vitamin C content was 520.0 mg · kg-1，and the total amino acid amount was 0.80%．The resistance to anthracnose was stronger than that of the control‘Qujiao No.1’in the field，and similar to the control of the resistance to cucumber mosaic virus（CMV），tobacco mosaic virus（TMV）and Phytophthora blight．The average yield is about 37.5 t · hm-2．It is suitable for protected cultivation in Zhejiang Province and similar areas．
  • A New Dwarf Snap Bean Variety —‘Changnongcaidou No.7’
    GE Shanxin1，ZHANG Xiaoyue1，WAGN Kexin1，MA Hui1，XU Changying1，MENG Fanjun1，DING Zengwei2，WU Lidan3
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(10): 109-111. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2023.0045
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    ‘Changnongcaidou No.7’is a new dwarf snap bean variety developed by crossing dwarf snap bean‘Hacaidou No.6’as female parent and‘H5-12’as male parent using pedigree selection．It is an extremely early maturing variety and is about 45-50 days from emergence to harvest．The plant height is about 50 cm．Its flowers are purple vexillum and pink wing with long shape and green tender pods．The average pod length and width is 14.7 cm and 2.1 cm．The average single pod weight is 16.4 g．The average yield is 18 t·hm-2．The resistance to anthracnose，blight and rust disease is stronger than that of control‘Hacaidou No.15’in the field．Its seed is oval in shape．The average thousand seed weight is 410 g．It is suitable for cultivation in open fields In Jilin Province．
  • A New Melon F1 Hybrid —‘Xiancui No.1’
    MA Erlei1，LIU Huazhou2，ZANG Quanyu1，CHEN Qiong2，HUANG Yunping1，DING Weihong1，WANG Yuhong1，HAO Fangmin1
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(10): 112-114. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2023.0044
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    ‘Xiancui No.1’is a new thin skinned melon F1 hybrid，which is high generation inbred line‘B1964’as the female parent and‘B1958’as the male parent．It is of medium early maturity．The fruit development period of spring is about 35 days，and the whole growth period is about 108 days．The fruit development period of autumn is about 31 days，and the whole growth period is about 70 days．The variety has strong growth potential and strong fruit bearing ability．Both the seed vine and the sun vine can produce melons．The single fruit weight is about 0.89 kg．The fruit shape is cylindrical，the bottom color of the pericarp is dark green，covered with light green strips，irregular strips，and irregular patches．The pulp is green，the meat is crisp，the taste is crisp and sweet，the brix in the central part of fruit is about 13.40%．It is medium resistant to downy mildew．The average yield is about 33 t · hm-2．It is suitable for protected cultivation in spring and autumn in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River．
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