This paper evaluates present nitrogen input amount，nitrogen use efficiency and soil fertility contribution rate of greenhouse tomato，by analyzing 79 field experiments data from 57 domestic published papers. The results showed that under conventional application model，the total nitrogen input was 1 313 kg·hm-2， including nitrogen 617 kg·hm-2 from manure and 705 kg·hm-2 from chemical fertilizer. Under optimized application model the nitrogen from manure，chemical fertilizer and the total nitrogen input were 581.7 kg·hm-2， 353 kg·hm-2 and 936 kg·hm-2，respectively. The tomato yield under optimized application model was 8% higher than that of the conventional application model.Under conventional application model，the average values of partial factor productivity（ PFP），agronomic efficiency（ AE） and recovery efficiency（ RE） were 155.7 kg·kg-1，28.0 kg·kg-1 and 9.5%，respectively. Under the optimized application model，the average values of PFP，AE，RE were 356.3 kg·kg-1，63.6 kg·kg-1 and 17.8%，respectively. The average soil fertility contribution of conventional application and optimized application were 72.9% and 70.4%，respectively. So，compared with the conventional application model，the optimized application model has great potential in reducing chemical nitrogen fertilizer.
Taking 43 cucumber varieties（ lines） of different types as experimental material，this paper put the cucumber seedling under chilling stress（ day/night temperatures are 12 ℃ /9 ℃），and carried out evaluation on low temperature tolerance with cold injury index as identification indicator. Eventually，7 varieties with low temperature tolerance，10 varieties with low temperature sensitiveness were identified. The correlation analysis was carried out on cucumber cold injury index（ Y） after low temperature treatment，the declined rate of chlorophyll（ X1） and the increased rates of soluble protein（X2），MDA（X3），proline（X4）and POD （X5）. Then a regression equation for identifying cucumber low temperature tolerance was established： Y=0.433+0.671X1+0.005X2+0.121X3-0.733X4+0. 248X5
In early spring，under successive cold，rainy and cloudy climate condition，this experiment took ‘Nabite’ scions grafted onto‘ Yongzhen No.5’ as material，and exposed them under LED light and high voltage sodium lamp for supplementary light of continuous 25 days，taking natural light as the contrast. The results showed that artificial supplement light could obviously accelerate the growth of grafted watermelon seedlings. After the 17th day under supplementary light，the artificial supplement light treatments had great impact on the growth of seedlings：the hypocotyl lengths of rootstock and scion were rapidly increased，the plant height was remarkably enlarged，leaf areas became bigger，stems became thicker，biomass accumulation was fastened，chlorophyll content was improved，photosynthetic capacity of leaf blades was strengthened，survival rate of grafted seedlings was improved，diseases occurrence rate was reduced. Compared with different light resources，the effect of LED light is better than that of high voltage sodium lamp. Moreover，LED light has lower input and usage cost in long time running. LED light might become one of the most promising artificial supplementary lights in agriculture field in the future.
Taking eggplant（Solanum melongena L.）‘Qiezhen No.1’as rootstock and‘ Kuaiyuanqie’as scion，this experiment designed treatments with different temperatures（19 ℃，24 ℃，29 ℃）at night to study the effect of different night temperature on the rate and quality of healing in tube grafted eggplant seedlings by microscopic inspection．The results showed that the layers of callus cells were increased and the diameters of joint part were enlarged．While，the process of vascular connection and healing was slowed down，the xylem translocation ability was weakened，and the quality of healing was deteriorated．The isolation layer completely disappeared，and vascular was connected on the 13th day after grafting under treatment with 19 ℃ at night．Compared to the treatment with 29 ℃，the xylem translocation ability was improved by 72.89%．Under treatment with 29 ℃ at night more callus was observed on the 9th day，the diameter of joint part was significantly increased by 13.35%，compared to the treatment with 19 ℃ at night，but the healing process was slower．In conclusion， under the condition of 29 ℃ day temperature，19 ℃ is the best night temperature for healing of tube grafted eggplant．
Taking‘ Zhongnong No.26’ cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）as material，and traditional peat and vermiculite media as the contrast，this experiment mixed the paper mill sludge，Chinese herb medicine residue and banana plant，according to different ratios as compost；then studied on the physical and chemical properties of different mixed proportion substrates and their influences on the effects of cucumber seedling culture. The results indicated that the mixed proportion substrates of paper mill sludge could meet the requirement of seedling media．Among all treatments，T5（paper mill sludge︰banana plant=1 V︰1 V）compound substrate could culture cucumber seedlings with the highest healthy index and the best growth effect．Except plant height， its emergence rate，stem diameter，leaf number，chlorophyll content，dry and fresh weights，root -top ratio，G value，etc. physiological indexes had nosignificant differences with the contrast（peat︰vermiculite=2 V︰1 V）. It can be used as an ideal cucumber seedling culture substrates.
Aiming at obstacles of vegetable soil after successive cropping and deterioration of vegetable quality in greenhouse，this paper takes tomato（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）grown in a greenhouse at outskirts of Beijing in spring as research objective，and studies the effect of wood peat and other material as soil conditioners on tomato yield，quality and facility soil improvement．The results showed that the yield of tomato treated with wood peat plus potassium hydroxide（WP+KOH）increased 16.73%，and the VC content increased 55.77%．Meanwhile，the WP+KOH treatment also increase the contents of soil available nutrients and pH．The treatments of wood peat，wood peat plus fungicide had no significant effects on fruit yield and quality and available nutrients．All treatments by wood peat and other additional material had the trend of reducing soil surface salt accumulation．Therefore，wood peat and its material mixture had a positive effectiveness on greenhouse tomato growth and soil improvement．The WP+KOH treatment was the best.
This experiment studies the effect of different potassium levels on eggplant biomass，solanine content，solanine accumulation and distribution，so as to understand from plant nutrition view point how to control by certain extent the solanine formation and accumulation in eggplant，and then to improve the taste and flavor quality. Pot experiment was conducted in this experiment. The results indicated that eggplant fruit weight increase was distinct after applying potassium fertilizer. The solanine content in eggplant fruit was reduced remarkably after applying potassium fertilizer，that in other organs were also reduced. During 2 harvesting times，the solanine accumulation in eggplant fruit increased after applying potassium fertilizer，especially with moderate and large quantity of potassium fertilization. But that in fruit base，stem and flower showed declining tendency. The largest solanine distribution was observed in eggplant fruit ，then followed by leaf，and the least was in flower. While，solanine distribution coefficient in fruit base， flower，etc. organs were decreased along with the increase of potassium level. Applying potassium fertilizer could decrease the solanine content in eggplant fruit，which tended to increase solanine accumulation and distribution in eggplant fruit.
A composite model including crop leaf area index and water uptake was used to count tomato plant daily water requirement quantity．Four different irrigation treatments were established（CK Experience irrigation，W1 Equals simulation，W2 15% Lower than simulation，W3 25% Lower than simulation）to study the effect of model simulation water requirement on tomato growth，yield，fruit quality and water use efficiency in substrate culture with bag．The results indicated that the tomato plant height，stem diameter，fruit diameter， photosynthetic rate and top dry weight declined along with the decrease of irrigation quantity．Under CK treatment，the single plant yield was the highest（4.66 kg），which was 4.3%，23.3% and 47.9% higher than that of W1，W2，and W3 treatmens，respectively，but the difference was not significant with W1 treatment． The soluble sugar，sugar acid ratio，VC content were increased and the fruit quality was improved，along with suitable reducing the irrigation quantity，wherein the W3 treatment was the best，W1 treatment took the second place．Under W1 treatment，the water use efficiency was the highest（51.76 kg·m-3），which was 10.3%，0.6% and 5.9% higher than that of W1，W2，W3 treatments，respectively．In this experiment，W1 treatment，on the basis of guaranteeing fruit yield and quality，has greatly improved the water use efficiency．The composite model is suitable for water management application in tomato substrate cultivation.
Under greenhouse condition，this paper studied the bio-control efficiency of NBIN863 strain on tomato root knot nematodes and its growth promotion effect and colonization ability on tomato. The result showed that the bio-control efficiency of NBIN863 strain on tomato root knot nematode was up to 54.48%. Compared with the blank control，the plant height，root length and total fresh weight were increased by 49.10%，43.69% and 52.50%，respectively. We found that NBIN863 strain could stably colonize in rhizophere at the concentration of 8.37×105cfu·g-1 on the 30th day after inoculation.
Taking‘ Anqiudajiang’ as experimental material，this paper studies the effects of 5 bactericides spread on different ginger growth periods on controlling ginger bacterial wilt. The results indicated that no remarkable influence on ginger seedling sprouting rate after soaking mother ginger in the bactericides of Jiangwenjing AS（ astragalus polysaccharide，berberine，alkannin≥2.8%），45% Amobam AS，72% streptomycin sulfate SP，3% Kejunkang WP，20% Saisentong SC before sowing. It is good for controlling ginger bacterial wilt after using these 5 bactericides. The control effect of Jiangwenjing AS is the best reaching 92.6%， and that of 3% Kejunkang WP takes the second place，reaching 90.5%. The income of using Jiangwenjing AS is the highest，compared with the other treatments. It can reach 350，229 RMB·hm-2.
Taking 1 184 research reports and 161 soil samples from 1996 to 2014 of open vegetable fields in Beijing as basis， this paper analyzed the interannual changes in fertilizer type， application quantity， nutrient balance， and soil available nutrients. The results showed that compared with the 1990s，the main application of organic fertilizer including manure，duck manure，cow dug turned to chicken manure at the present stage in open vegetable fields. While chemical fertilizer tended to be a single type. Farmers preferred to apply macronutrient fertilizers， lacking secondary，micro-elements addition. Compared with the 1990s， although the annual fertilization application and annual nutrient surplus were obviously went down and alleviated at present stage， the N， P nutrients input were still exceeded crop absorbing capacity， and not in conformity with crop absorption law. The unreasonable N，P，K input ratio， N，P surplus and K deficit still existed. Evaluation on soil of present open vegetable fields indicated that these fields lacked alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen， and the content of available phosphorus was excessive， only the available potassium level was appropriate.
Abstract：‘Meijiao’ is a new eggplant F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred lines E1023 as female parent and E1134 as male parent. It is of medium maturity and has strong growth vigor. The plant is 150 cm in height and about 62 cm in width. The first flower sets on the 9-11th node. Its fruit is of long stick shape，39.5 cm in length and 4.9 cm in diameter. The average single fruit weight is 230 g. Its fruit peel is shining dark black in color. The fruit has less seeds and is of good quality. It has strong heat tolerance. Its resistance to cotton blight，eggplant phomopsis rot is well-matched to the contrasts‘Huaxiajiaozi’and‘Chunqiushuanglong’in the field. It is suitable for open field cultivation in early spring，summer and autumn in Sichuan Province.
‘Zaoza No.7’ is a new early maturing gourd F1 hybrid，developed by crossing inbred lines J138- 1-5-6-1-2 as female parent and Z2-3-5-8-1 as male parent. The plant grows with medium vigor in field. The commercial fruit is about 35 cm in length，6 cm in diameter. Its single fruit weight is about 0.6 kg. The fruit shape is well-proportioned. The fruit peel is light shining green. Its fruit VC content is high. The plant has high fruit setting rate and strong adaptability. It is particularly not only suitable for early maturing cultivation and late autumn cultivation in protected field ，but also suitable for open field cultivation in Zhejiang，Shandong，Fujian Provinces，etc.
‘Guota No.109’ is a new mid-early hot pepper F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred GMS male sterile line ab06-102 as female parent and claw pepper inbred line 98199 as male parent. This variety can be used with dual purposes，fresh one and dried one. It can grow vigorously and has strong hot flavor. Its fruit is of goathorn shape and smooth peel. The fruit is 15 cm in length，2.4 cm in diameter. The single fresh fruit weight is 28- 35 g，and the single dehydrated fruit weight is 3.5-4.5 g. The crude fruit is green in color and the ripe fruit is red in color. The naturally dehydrated dried fruit is shining dark red in color. It is resistant to TMV，middle resistant to CMV and phytophthora blight. The fresh red fruit can yield about 45 t·hm-2 and the dehydrated fruit can yield about 6 t·hm-2. It is suitable for cultivation in open fields in northwest，northeast and north China，etc. major dried pepper producing areas.
‘Lincan No.11’ is the first domestic breeding spring faba bean variety with green cotyledon developed by crossing inbred lines‘ Baoshantouxinlyu’ as female parent and‘ QingHai No.11’ as male parent， shuttle breeding from Qinghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences to Linxia Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Its growing period is about 110 days. It is of early maturity. It is precocious medium grain with emerald-green cotyledons and compact plant type. The plant height is about 100.6 cm. The effective branch is 1-2. The pod number of each plant is 10-13，and the seed number of each plant is 25. Its seed coat is shiny，translucent and the hilum is white. And the 100- Kernel weight is 362.50±5.42 g. Its protein content is high and its quality is superior. The protein，lysine，and starch contents of dried seed are 31.42%，1.60% and 42.60%，respectively. Its resistance to root rot is better than the contrast‘ Bendigacandou’ in the field. Its yield is about 9.2 t·hm-2. It is suitable to be cultivated in short frost-free，high-altitude，cold，wet and agro-pastoral transitional areas in Gansu，Qinghai，Ningxia and Xinjiang Provinces and Autonomous Regions.
