This paper systematically expounds the research status on Cucurbita breeding，including breeding of new variety，quality breeding，resistance breeding，agronomic characters breeding，and molecular breeding of Cucurbita，about germplasm genetic relationship，genetic map construction，gene mapping of quality and quantity traits，and gene clone all over the world．Meanwhile，the paper also puts up problems existing in Cucurbita breeding，and then prospected the future development of Cucurbita breeding.
In this study，we monitored the carrying rate of ToCV of Bemisia tabaci in major tomato production areas of China in 2013 and 2014．We discovered that in 2013，among all B. tabaci samples collected from 16 different areas of China，those from Yuncheng Shanxi，Taiyuan Shanxi，Shanghe Shandong，Yangling Shaanxi，Haidian Beijing carried ToCV，but the virus carrying rates were all below 20%．In 2014，among B. tabaci collected from 17 areas，those from Haidian Beijing，Hangzhou Zhejiang，Shanghe Shandong， Yuncheng Shanxi，Yangling Shaanxi，and Inner Mongolia were infected by ToCV．The virus carrying rates， except Beijing，were all above 50%．ToCV was reported for the first time in Shanxi，Shaanxi，Zhejiang and Inner Mongolia，and the rate of ToCV-infected B. tabaci increased significantly in 2014，compared with that in 2013．Thus，high attention should be paid to the trend of ToCV rapid diffusion in China.
In this experiment，14 rootstock-used pumpkin cultivars were taken as material．They were treated with drought condition at germination（ 23% PEG-6000） and seedling stages（control the amount of watering），respectively．Their drought resistance was analyzed by unweight pair-group method with arithmetic means（ UPGMA） cluster．Eleven property indexes，including germination potential，germination rate，vigor index，germination index at germination stage；stem thickness，plant height，leaf area，fresh weight，dry weight，drought injury index，sound seedling index at seedling stage，etc． were measured．The rootstock-used pumpkin cultivars could be divided into 4 types at germination stage and seedling stage．They were drought resistant，moderate drought resistant，moderate drought sensitive and drought sensitive．In both stages，higher drought resistant cultivars were 9，including‘ Dawei No.10’，‘Jiahetaimu’，‘Jingan No.1’，‘Kunlun’， ‘Ribengenlishen’，‘Ribenlyuba’，‘Ribenqianglishi’，‘Shenzhen’ and‘ Shengli（white）’．The relative germination rate，germination potential，germination index，vigor index，and plant height could be conducted as credible indexes for drought resistance identification．The relative dry weight could also be used as useful indicators for droght resistance identification．Through comprehensive analysis of these 14 cultivars in salt tolerance，cold tolerance，heat tolerance and drought resistance，it was found that‘ Ribenlyuba’ and‘ Ribenqianglishi’ showed strong multi-resistances，these 2 cultivars could be used as high-quality rootstocks in cucumber grafting.
To test the effects of different AMF（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi） strains mixture inoculum on cucumber seedling growth，seeds of cucumber were covered with 2 different AMF inoculums BF（mycorrhiza for plants）and VT（mycorrhiza for vegetables）from Czech Republic after sawing in the trays in solar greenhouse． Thirty-five days after inoculation the infection rates were 49.30%，37.65%，respectively．The plant height， stem diameter，fresh and dry weight of those seedling inoculated with AMF were higher than that of the control． Compared with the control，VT inoculation could significantly improve the root activity，chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of cucumber leaves．Comprehensive analysis showed that VT had better effect in promoting the growth of greenhouse cucumber seedlings.
In order to investigate the response mechanism of Amorphophallus konjac plants growing under different potassium levels，the total RNA of the leaves of Amorphophallus konjac Fuyuan on the fifth day after potassium sulfate（low，medium and high level）was applied．Then cDNA was synthesized，and the differentially expressed genes of Amorphophallus konjac Fuyuan leaves under low，medium and high potassium sulfate were amplified by optimized cDNA-SRAP，and their bioinformatics was analyzed．The results showed that 507 gene segments were amplified by 29 pairs primer combinations，including 126 differentially expressed gene segments．Compared with the medium potassium level，19 inhibited expressed fragments，14 induced expressed fragments，29 up-regulated expressed fragments，and 64 down-regulated expressed fragments were found in the low and high potassium levels．After recycling 13 differentially expressed gene segments of good quantity，9 homologous sequences matched with them in NCBI．Except for 4 nucleotide sequences matching with higher homology to the known function genes (glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase，β-ATP synthase，YchFGTPbinding protein YchF，ribonucleotide reductase) and 5 nucleotide sequences matching with higher homology to the assumption genes or the predict genes，other differentially expressed gene segments were not found，which might be some new genes of Amorphophallus konjac Fuyuan associated with potassium nutrition uptake．The specific function of the new genes will be further studied and analyzed in the future．
Taking tomato cultivar‘ Dongnong 708’ as experimental material，and 3 layers soil from ground surface（ 0-15 cm，15-30 cm，30-45 cm） as cultivation soil，applying N、K fertilizer as the contrast and N、 P、K fertilizer as treatment，this paper studied the effects of different soil depth and phosphorus level on tomato biomass and root morphology．Results showed that the biomass of above ground tomato plant was affected by both P application level and soil depth．In all 3 soil layers，every index at P application treatment was significantly higher than that in the contrast，and at the same P level，all indexes at 0-15 cm layer were significantly higher than the other layers．However，the underground biomass，total root length，root surface area，root volume and root length between 0-1.5 mm diameter were greatly influenced by P application level and the effect by soil depth was not obvious．In conclusion，soil depth and P level both can affect the biomass of aboveground tomato，and P application at soil surface was more beneficial for accumulation of tomato biomass．The root morphology was influenced greatly by P application level，but not by soil depth.
Twenty-four bacteria and 8 fungi were isolated from 8 different kind industrial producing sprouts．Molecular identification showed that these 24 bacteria belong to 8 genus（Klebsiella，Enterobacter， Pseudomonas，Acinetobacter，Pectobacterium，Empedobacter，Delftia and Comamonas），and were all G-，and 7 of them were not typical plant pathogen，except Pectobacterium．Four genus（Acinetobacter， Enterobacter，Klebsiella and Pseudomonas）were isolated from 2 or over 2 sprouts，and the other 4 genus were only isolated from one kind sprout．The result implied that there was host specialization in these bacteria． Eight fungi belong to 3 genus（Fusarium，Alternaria and Rhizopus）．Fungi isolated from the other 6 sprouts all belong to Fusarium，Alternaria and Rhizopus fungi were only isolated from water spinach and radish sprout， respectively．The water spinach and radish sprouts showed different rot symptoms after inoculated by 4 bacteria， and the black soya bean sprouts showed different rot symptoms after inoculated by 3 fungi．These results indicated that microorganism from environment during production process could also cause sprout diseases．
Abstract：Forty four lines of Chinese kale（Brassica albograbra L．H．Bailey）including 23 high inbred lines and 21 F1 generations were used to detect the sulforaphane contents in flower stalk of Chinese kale by RPHPLC， and to analyze the changing rule in sulforaphane contents．The results showed that the changing range of sulforaphane contents in 44 Chinese kale was 46.89-419.45 mg·kg-1（DW），and there were significant differences between sulforaphane contents of the testing lines．Four lines were detected with higher sulforaphane contents，among them one line was F1 generation A86 with 419.45 mg·kg-1（DW）sulforaphane content，the other 3 were inbred lines A1，A17 and A53．Their sulforaphane contents were 298.50 mg·kg-1（DW），354.19 mg·kg-1（DW），361.06 mg·kg-1（DW），respectively．They could be used for breeding of Chinese kale in anti-cancer and marketing promotion．
The contents of major nutrition components including VC，protein，mineral element，soluble sugar，titratable acid，soluble solid matter，crude fibre and anthocyanin，of 15 cauliflower（Brassica oleracea L．var．botrytis L.）varieties were tested and analyzed．The result indicated that the contents of VC，protein and potassium in all tested cauliflower varieties were high．Among them，the VC content was 424-939 mg·kg-1 （FW），protein content was 1.10%-2.99%，and potassium content was 1 840.2-3 509.8 mg·kg-1（FW）． Fifteen cauliflower varieties were compared and grouped into 3 types：compact-curd，loose-curd and purplecurd． The contents of VC，protein，soluble sugar，titratable acid，soluble solid matter，potassium，sodium， phosphorus，copper，iron，manganese and zinc was ranked in purple-curd ＞ looser-curd ＞ compact-curd． While，the contents of crude fibre，calcium and magnesium in looser-curd ＞ purple-curd ＞ compact-curd． Meanwhile，anthocyanin was detected only in purple-curd，and the content differences between different varieties were quite obvious．The range of variation of nutirent contents among purple-curds，as well as looser-curds，was than that of compact-curds．
In order to select degradable covering film for mini watermelon under facility cultivation in Beijing area，this paper took the black plastic mulch，black non-woven film mulch（biodegradable） and silver reflective cloth（biodegradable） as experimental material，and studied the effect of different covering films on growth period，growth vigor，root activity，yield and quality of mini watermelon．The results showed that there were no significant diferences in the effect of these 3 films on watermelon yield．But the female flowers of the plant under black non-woven mulch blossomed concentrately，and its root activity and fruit quality were better than that by the other treatments．Moreover，it could be degraded within 6 months．Thus，we suggested to use black non-woven mulch as covering film in early spring under plastic shed for mini watermelon cultivation in Beijing area．
‘Haifengchangqie No.3’ is a new long eggplant F1 hybrid developed by crossing double haploid line‘ 08-103’ as female parent with inbred line‘ 10Y-4-1’ as male parent．It is of early-medium maturity and has strong growth vigor．Its plant is of erect type．The first flower sets on the 11th node or so．The fruit peel is dark purple in color and is smooth and glossy．The fruit is of long stick shape and straight．It is 29.5 cm in length，and 5.5 cm in width．The average single fruit weight is 270 g．It can yield about 82.5 t·hm-2 ． It is suitable to be cultivated in open field and plastic greenhouse in Beijing and Jilin，Shandong，Guangdong Provinces.
‘Luozishu No.1’ is a new edible purple sweet potato variety developed by crossing‘ yan337’ as female parent and‘ jishu98’ as male parent．Its root tuber is of spindle shape．There are 3-4 tubers per plant with concentrate tuberization． Its commercial tuber rate is over 90%．The prepared root has good taste．It is highly resistant to Fusarium wilt and root rot，medium resistant to black rot．Generally its yield of fresh root is 22.5- 34.5 t·hm-2 and that of dried root is 6.00-9.75 t·hm-2．The average anthocyanin content is 134.9 mg·kg-1．It is suitable to be planted in Henan，Hebei，Shaanxi，Shanxi Provinces，etc．in spring and summer．It has been demonstrated and extended to 1 300 hm2.
‘Habai No.6’ is a new Chinese cabbage F1 hybrid developed by crossing self-incompatible lines‘ S521’ and‘ H25’．It is of compact and erect plant type，and has tight and uniform head．It grows vigorously．Its leaf is green in color with white leafstalk．The head is of oval shape．The single head weight is 3.5-4.5 kg．The net product rate is over 76.0%．It is of medium and late maturity．Its growing period is about 78 days． It can yield about 135 t·hm-2．It is resistant to virus disease and downy mildew．It is suitable for cultivation in Heilongjiang Province as early autumn Chinese cabbage.
‘Jingyingxue’ is a new muskmelon F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred lines‘ ML3163’ as female parent and‘ MN2037’ as male parent．Its growth period takes about 90-125 days．The fruit development period is about 40 days．The plant growth vigor is strong．The fruit is of ovate-oblong shape with milky white and smooth peel．The flesh of its fruit is white in color and the flesh thickness is about 3.5-4.0 cm．Its center soluble sugar content is 15.0%-17.5%，with a little gradient between its center and fringe．The average single fruit weight is about 2.0 kg．It can yield about 52.5-72.0 t·hm-2．In field，its resistances to powdery mildew，leaf blight and Fusarium wilt are superior to that of the contrast‘ Jinrui’.It is suitable for cultivation in solar greenhouse or plastic tunnel in early spring in Shandong Province.
‘Qinghu No.1’ is a new summer squash F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘ 0452-086’ as female parent and inbred line‘ 0921-033’ as male parent．The plant grows vigorously with short nods．The first female flower sets on the 5-6 th nodes．The fruit is of straight， long stick shape with dark green peel．The average verticle diameter is 28.75 cm and transverse diameter is 7.27 cm．The single fruit weight is about 670 g． It has continuous fruit setting ability， and good commodity quality．Its average yield can be over 61.5 t·hm-2， the highest one can reach over 79.5 t·hm-2．It takes about 50 days from sowing to harvesting in Xining region．The whole growth duration is about 120 days．In fields， its resistance to powdery mildew is stronger than that of the contrast‘Zaoqingyidai’．It is suitable for planting in greenhouse the whole year round in Qinghai Province and in opening field at regions under 2 900 m altitude over summer.
‘Shijiao No.5’ is a F1 hybrid hot pepper bred by crossing cytoplasmic male sterile line‘ M4A’ as female parent and restorer line‘ C10311’ as male parent．It is of early and medium maturity．Its fruit is of long and thin horn shape，and has smooth peel．It is 19 cm in length and 1.3-1.4 cm in width．Its fresh thickness is 0.2 cm，and the average single fruit weight is 15 g．The unmatured fruit is green in color and the matured one is red in color．This variety is very spicy with good commercial quality．Normally it can yield about 30 t·hm-2．It is suitable to be planted in Chongqing with 200-1 000 m altitude，and at regions with similar condition.
‘Hangjiao No.18’ is a F1 hybrid developed by crossing‘ 051-3-2-2-H-H-H’ as female parent and‘ 035-1-2-2-H-H’ as male parent．It is of early and medium maturity and sheep horn shape．It takes about 55 days from field planting to harvesting green mature fruit．The first flower sets on the 9-11th node．The fruit has wrinkled surface，large shoulder，glossy peel and spicy flavor．Each plant can bear about 20 fruits．The single fruit weight is about 50.5 g．Its fruit is 22.7 cm in length and 4.2 cm in width．The flesh thickness is 0.25 cm．In fields，its resistance to virus disease，anthracnose and pepper blight is stronger than that of the contrast‘ Longjiao No.3’．The average yield is 63 t·hm-2．It is suitable for cultivation in protected fields in Gansu Province，Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang Autonomous Region and other areas with similar ecological conditions.
‘Weike No.1’ is a new Jitui Welsh onion F1 Hybrid with long pseudostem developed by crossing cytoplasmic male sterile line‘ BS026CA’ transferred from Jitui welsh onion as female parent and inbred line‘ 1279’ selected from genetic resource from Europe as male parent．The plant height is 120-150 cm with about 44 cm fistular stalk．The diameter mean of bottom and middle stem is about 3.4 cm．The single plant weight is 550- 700 g．It tastes fairly hot．Its leaf is dark green in color．The plant keeps 7-9 functional leaves during growing stage．It can yield about 78 t·hm-2．It has resistance to downy mildew，virus disease，purple blotch．It is suitable to be cultivated in Shandong，Henan，Hebei，and Liaoning Provinces，etc．northern regions in open or protected fields.
